牛传染性鼻气管炎

1、牛传染性鼻气管炎Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Red nosePrepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling病因/发病机理 Cause & Pathogenesis牛疱疹病毒I型（BHV1） Herpes virus 1 (BHV 1)高度传染性大面积爆发Highly contagious large outbreaks许多型Many forms呼吸性疾病Respiratory Form暴发流产Abortion storms新生仔畜病毒毒血症Neonatal viremia传染性化脓性外阴

2、道炎（IPV） Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV)脑炎型Encephalitic form危险因素Risk Factors老的带毒动物Older carriers应激Stress皮质激素Corticosteroids 临床症状Clinical Findings呼吸型 Respiratory Form潜伏期1020天Incubation of 10-20 days鼻炎/气管炎/双侧结膜炎Rhinitis/tracheitis/bilateral conjunctivitis 体温升高（4142）突然发作Elevated temperature (41

3、 42 C)红鼻子大声咳嗽Red nose loud cough双眼感染结膜炎Bilateral infected eyes conjunctivitis鼻孔有溃疡和斑痕Ulcers and plaques in nares流涎和厌食Salivation and anorexia10-14天康复Recover in 10 to 14 days流产型Abortion Form引起流产的一般原因Common cause of abortion患IBR的呼吸型后几周，紧接着流产Abortion follows several weeks after respiratory form of IBR牛群

4、肌肉内接种 MLV（修饰的活病毒）疫苗可引起流产Vaccinating a nave herd with IM MLV vaccine can cause abortion大多数一般在怀孕68月出现Most commonly seen at 6-8 months pregnancy高度传染性爆发流产Highly contagious abortion storms 精液，鼻腔和呼吸系统分泌物内有病毒Virus found in semen, nasal & respiratory secretions屏障感染后几周发生流产Abortion occurs weeks after dam infe

5、cted如果怀孕早期感染，使早期胚胎死亡和不孕If infected early in pregnancy, get early embryonic death and infertility 流产胎儿自溶Aborted fetus is very autolytic一般无长期不育Usually no long term infertility新生仔畜病毒血症 Neonatal Viremia产后几周内发现Seen in calves within weeks of birth厌食Anorexia流涎，鼻炎，结膜炎和口腔糜烂Salivation, Rhinitis, conjunctiviti

6、s and oral erosions可能有支气管肺炎和喉炎May be bronchopneumonia and laryngitis可能有腹泻和脱水May be diarrhea and dehydration传染性化脓性外阴道炎 Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis阴道分泌物轻度增多Mild vaginal discharge频繁排尿和刺激Frequent urination and irritation外阴和阴道可能有溃疡May be ulcers of vulva and vagina脑型 Encephalitic Form6月龄内犊牛Calves u

7、nder six months of age共济失调，肺部有风箱音，眼瞎，抽搐In coordination, bellowing, blindness and convulsions常致命Usually fatal诊断Diagnosis临床症状和双份血清Clinical signs and paired serologyELISAELISA病毒分离Virus isolation鉴别诊断Differential Diagnosis其他原因引起的肺炎、流产和脑炎 Other causes of pneumonia, abortion and encephalitis实验室和病理学诊断Labora

8、tory and Pathology眼观病变Gross pathology组织病理学肝炎坏死病灶流产Histopathology focal necrotic hepatitis aborted fetus从胎盘或胎儿肺脏分离病毒Isolate virus from placenta or fetal lungs (1 in 3 cases)双份血清Paired serology过氧化物酶免疫实验Immunoperoxidase test 治疗Treatment应用广谱抗生素，防止继发支气管肺炎Broad-spectrum antibiotics to prevent secondary bronchopneumonia后遗症Sequelae继发支气管肺炎 Secondary bronchopneumonia预防Prevention & Control根据感染类型，制定免疫接种计划Vaccination program designed for the type of operation对未怀孕的进行MLV肌肉内免疫接种Modified Live Virus (MLV) IM to non-pregnant对怀孕动物杀死或鼻内处置Killed or intranasal to preg