英文学术论文中冠词a,an,the的用法

1、用 a/an :.用于单个可数名词之前，表示第一次提到(无特定指代).用于单个可数名词之前，指代整个类属里的任一(相当于 any)不用a/an :.复数之前不用.不可数名词之前不用用 the :. 用于特殊事物(the sky, the sun, the earth ).用于第二次提到的事物.当有短语或从句将某事物特定化的时候(the girl I met ).当某事物在语境中被地点限定的时候.用于序数词之前.用于单个可数名词之前，指代整个类属里的全部(相当于all).用于某一特定人群里的某一个(the small shopkeeper )不用the :.抽象事物之前（除非该抽象事物被赋予了特

2、定含义）.表示“自然”时，nature不用the （但表示“本质”时要用the）. 非特定地点的的地点名词之前（at home, at school, at prison ）=复杂的来了 =a/an vs. the.a/an用于第一次出现的事物，the用于继续出现的事物.a/an用于类属里某的任一事物（any） , the用于类属里的全部事物（all）.用the对某一事物做普遍性的陈述= 更复杂的来了 =零冠词（即不用冠词） vs. a/an.在概念层面上的事物，即使是单数可数名词，也不用冠词。零冠词vs. the.复数名词，且用于泛指，用零冠词.不可数名词，且用于泛指，用零冠词.抽象名词，无

3、论可数或不可数，都用零冠词.论文标题的第一个词，如果是名词，通常省略 the.图表标题的名词，通常省略the=举例=以下这些句子都是我曾经写过然后被导师修改的，这些类型的错误我犯了无数次。我的： The multiple factors influence children s evaluation of scientific claims.修改：Multiple factors influence children s evaluation of scientific claims.反思：这里的multiple factors是上文没有出现过的，且是泛指某些factors （下文才会具体地谈

4、到它们是什么），所以不能用冠词。但是： The multiple factors I reviewed in the previous section.但是： The multiple factors that govern childrens evaluation.反思：如果此事物被从句限定住了，那么就不再是泛指，所以要用the 我的： The news article may contain a chart of CO2 emissions by gasoline-powered cars.修改： A news article may contain a chart of CO2 emis

5、sions by gasoline-powered cars.反思：首先，article是单个可数名词，所以不能用零冠词；其次，这个 article并没有被短语或从句限定住，所以读者并不知道是“哪个” article ,它是指news article 这个类属里的任一个，所以要用 a。但是： News articles may contain.但是： The news article Daniel wrote on the New York Times.我的： How can anargument-oriented instruction play a role instudents reas

6、oning?修改： How can argument-oriented instruction play a role instudents reasoning?反思：此处的argument-oriented instruction 是一个概念层面的事物（可以理解为术语），而既不是泛指某类属，也不是 instruction 类属 里的某一个，所以用零冠词。我的： Another data source is the videotaped observation of classroom instruction.修改： Another data source is videotaped obse

7、rvations of classroom instruction.反思：此处的observation 不需要用the特指，因为之前并没有出现过, 用零冠词的复数名词更符合学术写作惯例。（不过我还没完全理解清楚。）我的： One camera will be fixed at the front of the classroom to capture the whole-class interaction.修改： One camera will be fixed at the front of the classroom to capture whole-class interactions.

8、反思：同上。我的：The analysis ofobservation protocols and video-based interaction analysis were conducted.修改： Analysis of observationprotocols and video-based interaction analysis were conducted.反思：首先，这个analysis之前并未出现过，也不是泛指整个类属，所 以不能用the ；其次，analysis在此处是一个概念层面的术语，所以比 an analysis要更符合学术写作惯例。反思：或许也可以用 analyse

9、s of observation protocols and.=再举例=专昔误用法： Figure2 shows the distribution of relative velocity onsurface of main and splitterblades.正确用法： Figure2 shows the distribution of relative velocity onthe surface of the mainand splitter blades.错误用法：The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be a 3Dmodeling tool; i

10、t is good at dealing with free surfaces andcurves.正确用法：The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be the 3Dmodeling tool; it is good at dealing with free surfaces andcurves.在这个研究中只存在一种 3Dmodeling tool ,因此“ 3D modelingtool ”是具体的，需要用定冠词the 。专昔误用法：A theoretical method for calculating the innerflow-field in c

11、entrifugal impeller with splitter blades and investigation of the interactions between main and splitter blades is presented in this paper. The vortices are distributed on the main and splitter blades to simulate the effects of flows. Systematical study of number and distribution of vortices is cond

12、ucted.正确用法 A theoretical method for calculating the innerflow-field in a centrifugal impeller with splitter blades and an investigation of the interactions between main and splitter blades is presented in this paper. The vortices are distributed on the main and splitter blades to simulate the effect

13、s of flows. A systematicalstudy of the number and distributionof vortices is conducted.专昔误用法 Theoretically, remanufacturing could fully take advantage of resources contained in EOF product thereby minimizing impact onenvironment to the greatest extent compared to landfill or recycling of materials; consequently it contributes greatly to resource conservation.正确用法 Theoretically, remanufacturing could fully take advantage of resou