英语语法之主谓一致

1、主谓一致.在一般现在时中，若主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词则要加-s或-es,具体变化同名词的单数变复数。如：He goes to school at 8 every morning.不说： He go.1）单数第三人称作主语的词包括：单数人称代词：he, she, it不定代词：each, everyone人名：John, Bill Gates等。普通单数名词：my brother, English等。2）单数动词的变化有：be is; have has;其他动词在词尾加-s或-es,具体 变化同名词的单数变复数，work-works, study-studieso若主语是单数第一、第二人称或

2、复数，则谓语动词永原形，不需要加-s或-es. 常见的这样的主语有：单数人称代词：I, you复数人称代词：we, you, they复 数名词：students, books等。.在助动词或情态动词后面，直接接动词原型。She can sing in English.He goes to school early. / He doesn go to school early. There be句型的主谓一致。研究下列句子：There is a book on the desk. There are two books on the desk.There be句型是一倒装结构，因此谓语动词的单

3、复数要与be动词后面的名词 一致。. “数量词+名词”结构的主谓一致只与口数名词连用只接单数的OneEacheveryOne boyEach boyEvery boy单数谓语Every boy is smart.Every boy has a gift.Every boy studies hard.只接复数的Two, three, etc. Both A couple of A few Few Several Many A number ofTwo boysBoth boysA couple of boysA few boysFew boysSeveral boysMany boysA num

4、ber of boys复数谓语Many boys are smart.Many boys have a gift.Many boys study hard.单数谓语Much water is clean.Much water has bacteria.只与/、口数名词连用A littleLittleMuchA great deal ofAlargeamount ofA little waterLittle waterMuch waterA great deal of waterA large amount of water与口数名 词复数或 /、可数名 词连用均 可Not anySomeA l

5、ot ofLots ofNot any boys, not any waterSome boys, some waterA lot of boys, a lot of waterLots of boys, lots of water接口数复数名词时用 复数谓语；接/、可数 名词时用单数谓语。Some water is clean.Some boys are smart.Plenty ofMost allPlenty of boys, plenty of water Most boys, most waterAll boys, all water在上述数量词中，有些还可以接 of短语连用。具体用

6、法如下:All/most/some/any of +特指限定词+复数可数或/、可数名词 Most of my/these/the/JohHs books are interesting.Most of the information is useless.Many/a few/few/several/both/two/three/of + 特指限定词 + 复数 可数名词Many of these students are good at English.总的规则：接可数复数名词 时用复数谓语；接 不可数名词时用 单数谓语。Much/a little/little of +特指限定词+/、可数名

7、词Much of the water is wastedOne ofEach of+特指限定词+复数可数名词+单数谓语Every one ofOne of my students is good at English.Every one of my students is good at English.5.单数形式的名词作主语与谓语动词形式的关系一般来说，单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，这个符合英语中的语法上致原则。但此种情况也有例外。现在详细归纳如下：Many a +名词单数，虽为复数概念，但谓语用单数。There is many an error that he has neglec

8、ted.Many a man and (many a) woman has wished that he or she had had a better education. (Many men and women hav e.)2)More than one+数名词单数，是复数概念，但谓语用单数。There is more than one answer to this question.More than one topic has been discussed at the meeting. 与此类似的另一个结构：more+复数名词+than one,谓语用复数。More topics

9、than one have been discussed at the meeting.More persons than one were killed.a+单数名词+or two作主语，谓语用单数。One or two+复数名词，谓语用复数。A word or two is misused in the sentence.One or two words are misused in the sentence.对于集体名词，如： party, crowd, class, team, family, crew, government, committee, audience, public等

10、，贝要视t青况而定：a.若集体名词被看成一个整体，则用单数谓语。b.若集体名词被看成是有具体若干成员组成的，则用复数谓语。试比较：The public is the best judge.The public are requested to write down their names in this book.He has joined the football team who are all famous footballers.A football team which keeps on training hard is more likely to win.There was a

11、large audience in the great hall.The audience were excited.但集体名词：police, militia(民兵)，cattle, people等总是接复数动词，而 mankind, humanity 接单数动词。Police in Guangdong Province are investigating an organized cheating operation in Dianbai Country of the province during national college entrance exams.5)定冠词the+adj.

12、或过去分词(1)若表示抽象概念，谓语用单数。(见a,b,c旬)（2）表示一类人，则为复数概念，谓语用复数。（见d,e旬）（3）有时根据上下文来判断。（见f,g旬）The good in him overweight the bad.（抽象概念）他身上的优点比缺 点多。The best is yet to come.The beautiful is not always the same as the good.The blind are unfortunate.The oppressed are to rise one day.The deceased was his mother武示单个的人

13、）The deceased were ten farmers.6.复数形式的名词作主语与谓语动词形式的关系这种情况下，谓语动词形式不能一概而论。不过一条原则是：（1）若复数形式的名词表示的是复数概念，则显然要接复数谓语；（2）若复数形式的名词表示的是单数的概念，或将其看成一个整体部分，则用单数谓语。这么说来，在这种情况下，我们主要采用意义一致的原则来判断主谓一 致。1）常见的表示成对概念的复数名词，如：pants, trousers, scissors, sca底灰平），glasses, binoculars双筒望远镜），spectacles, bifocals （双光眼镜）。谓语动 词用复数

14、。Where are my glasses?2）形式上是复数（词尾加s）,但表示单数概念的词，谓语用单数。Works（工厂卜 gallows（绞开架）、politics, statistics, measles, diabetesPolitics is often a popular topic among people.Statistics is a science.单若politics, statistics不表示学科，而分别表示“政治观点”，“统计数据” 时，则需要复数。Statistics prove that -.What are your politics?3）表示时间，重量，数额

15、的复数名词作主语，我们通常将它们看成一个整体，故 谓语用单数。The years is a moment in history.One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor.Two tons is enough.The difference between America and England is, the English think 100 milesis a long distance and Americans think 100 years is a long time.值得注意的是，若“数词”单用，表示人或物，谓语动词一般用复数。

16、Ten were killed and five were missing and several were severely wounded in that accident.Few know the fact.4）复数的专有名词后面都接复数谓语动词：a. The Great Lakes are a series of five lakes between the USA and Canada. 不过特殊的有：the United Nations, the United State#匀看作一个整体，故用单 数谓语动词。7.并列主语与谓语动词形式的关系1）由and连接的多个成分，若表示一种事物

17、或一种概念时，用单数动词；若 表示的是多个不同的概念时，则用复数动词。The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our college tonight. （writer 和translator是指同一个人）The writer and the translator are delivering a speech in our college tonight.（t匕 处指两个人）The tenth and last lesson is translated by him.（同一课）The tenth and the last less

18、on are translated by him?（个不同的课）2）若and连接两个并列主语，且and后面的名词有相关的副词（not, perhaps, particularly, even, too, likewise, as well 等）修饰，贝谓语动词形式与 and 前 面的名词保持一致。因为此时句子的真正主语应是and前面的名词，此时and与前面的名词之间常有逗号隔开。The horse and not the donkey is used in games of racing.Tom, and not Jim, has gone there.That the sun and not

19、 the earth is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.Jack, and perhaps Williams, has been there.Jack, and particularly his parents, is fond of this music.3)两个表示不同物质的名词，虽由and连接，但习惯上此两样东西常常被同 时使用，这时我们将二者看作是一整体，故谓语动词仍用单数。常见的 这样的名词有：Bread and butter is my

20、favorite breakfast.Apple pie and ice cream is the favorite dessert of many people.The fork and knife is hard for me to useor连接的并列主语，动词形式与 or最靠近的主语保持一致。He or I am to go.Her sisters or his brother has a hobby of collecting stamps.every and(every)each ，and(each),any and(any)，no and(no)，many a - and(man

21、y a) 连接的并列主语，用单数谓语动词。Every hour and every minute is important.Every man, woman and child is an important being.Every boy and girl has to have his hair neatly combedMany a man and (many a) woman has wished he or she had had a better education.eitheror，not only- but also，neither.nor，谓语动词单复数与 or, but(a

22、lso), nor后面的词一致。Not only the students but also their teacher is required to attend the meeting.Not only their teacher but also the students are required to attend the meeting.7)与第六点形成对照的是，“主语+with, together with, along with, as well as, as much as, including, in addition to, added to, except, beside

23、s, rather than,accompanied by+另一主语”的结构中，谓语动词形式与第一个主语保持人称和数的一致。Mary, along with her sisters, attends the sessions regularly.The students as well as the teacher are required to attend the meeting.I, as well as they, am ready to help you.8.在of结构中谓语动词的单复数这类情况较为复杂，且不总是那么具有规律性。基本可归纳如下：像 kind, type, sort,

24、class, species, breed, variety, form, brand, mak妤表示类别的名词，总的规律是：句子谓语动词单复数与of前面的名词形式保持一致。What kind of rice is served in that restaurant?This kind of apple is sour.The kind of apples is sour.Apples of this kind are sour.What kinds of rice are served in that restaurant?A pair of +复数名词，看作整体，用单数谓语动词。A pai

25、r of gloves/glasses is on the table.但是：Five pairs of gloves are on sale.3)the+最高级+of+ n.复数+单数谓语The most elaborate of all bird nests is the large, doomed communal structure built by social weaverbirds.A number of/An average of/A total of +名词复数，用复数动词，强调数量the number/average/total of+S词复数，用单数动词，强调整体.A t

26、otal of ten thousand dollars were donated last month.An average of ten thousand dollars a day are sent by this post office.The total of dollars donated last month was 100,000 dollars.The total of 10 thousand dollars donated last month was sent to theflood-stricken areas.A part of +单数名词-单数谓语复数名词-复数谓语

27、与止匕类似 的还有:the rest/remainder of, most of, plenty of, 分数（如 two-thirds）+of,百分数+of等等。它们的谓语动词数依of后名词而定，名词是单 数，则谓语动词为复数；名词若是复数，谓语动词亦为复数。A part of the apple is bad.A part of the apples are bad.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.A third of their composition has been corrected.A

28、 third of their compositions have been corrected.Three-fourth of the people are 川iterate.9.从句中的主谓一致问题（名词从何，动名词短语或动词不定式短语作主语，用单数谓语动词）1）主语从句或短语作主语，主何谓语用单数。Children interfering in their parents right to remarry has become a social problem.When I can complete it is still unclear.What I said and did is o

29、f no concern to you.2）定语从句中的主谓一致请认真比较下列例句One of those men likes to drive fast.He is the only one of those men who likes to drive fast.He is one of those men who like to drive fast.历年真题：Mr. Well, together with all the members of his family, for Europe thisafternoon.（2004 51）D.A. are to leaveB. are le

30、avingC. is leavingleaveIt is futile to discuss the matter further, because doing to agree uponanything today. (2003 50)A. neither you nor I areB. neither you nor me isC. neither you nor I amD. neither me nor you are就近原则，在neither - nor结构中，谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，a)当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。The

31、re is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.b)当eitheror与neithernor, 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的 主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

32、The statistics that living standards in the area have improved drastically inrecent times.(2006-62)A. provesB. is provingC. are provingD. prove52. All the Presidents Men one of the important books for historians whostudy the Watergate Scandal.A. remain B. remains C. remained D. is remainingof the tw

33、ins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All单项练习：He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for threeyears.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has beenShe is one of the few girls who in the kindergarten.A. is well paidB. are well paidC. is pa

34、ying wellD. are paying wellA library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offeredD. have offeredEither you or the headmaster the prizes to those gifted students at themeeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing out D. is to hand outNot on

35、ly I but also Jane and Mary tired of having one examination afteranother.A. isB. areC. amD. beThe number of people invited fifty, but a number of them absent fordifferent reasons.A. were, was B. was, wasC. was, wereD. were, were-Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons,to go to unive

36、rsity.So do I.A. hopeB. hopesC. hopingD. hopedof the land in that district covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; is D.Two fifths; areEvery possible means to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is usedB. are used C. has been used D. have bee

37、n usedWhen and where to go for the on-salary holiday yet.A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decidedWhen and where to build the new factory yet.A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decidedJack is so poor that even five doll

38、ars a big sum to him.A. isB. areC. addD. equalPart of the books arrived.A. isB. have C. was D. hasThere in this room.A. are too many rooms B. are too much roomC. are plenty of rooms D. is plenty of roomEvery hour and every minute important.A. isB. have C. was D. willIn some markets there may be only

39、 one seller.is called a monopoly.A. Situation as this B. Such kinds of situationC. Such a situation D. A situation of soBy the time you arrive in London, we in Europe for two weeks.A. shall stay B. have stayedC. will have stayed D. have been stayingShe resorted to when she had no money to buy foods for her children.A. have stolen B. stealC. stoleD. stealingIf Tom wins tomorrow, he thirty races in the past four ye