中考动词辨析

1、v1.0可编辑可修改 中考动词辨析撰稿：俞平审稿：徐正海编辑：郭素清一、用法辨析accept, receive 国accept 一般指主观上接受或同意，而 receive表示客观上收到某东西。She received his invitation yesterday, but she didn t accept it.她昨天收到了他的请柬，不过她没有接受。appreciate, thank 用这两个词都可以表示感谢的意思，但是 appreciate 后接something, thank 后接 somebody。I appreciate your timely help.我感谢你及时的帮助。I

2、thank you for your timely help.borrow, lend 嫡这两个词都可以表示借，但borrow用于borrow sth from sb.向某人借某物”.而lend用于lend sth. to sb.“把某物借给某人”。I borrowed two books from him.我向他借了两本书。I lent two books to him.我借了两本书给他。carry, take, bring, fetch这几个词都可以表示“拿”，“带”的意思，但 carry不强调方向，多指负重的感觉，其 它三个都有方向性；take表示带走，由近及远，bring表示拿来”，由

3、远及近，fetch 表示“去拿来”，一个来回。He is too young to carry the heavy box.他太小，拿不动这个沉重的箱子。Don t forget to take all your things away.不要忘了把你们所有的东西都带走。Remember to bring your dictionary tomorrow.明天记住把你的词典带来。After school we fetch water first.放学后我们先打水。congratulate, celebratecongratulate 表示“祝贺”，后接人作宾语，而 celebrate 表示“庆祝

4、”，后接物作宾 语。effect, affect, influence这三个词都可以表示“影响”的意思，但effect 是名词，affect一般用作动词，而influence 既可以用作名词，又可以用作动词。look, glance, glare, stare,这几个词都可以表示看，但look指一般的看，glance指匆匆一看，glare指生气地看，stare指目不转睛地盯着看。include, contain 这两个词都可以表示包含之意，但是include侧重包含者是整体中的一部分，contain 强调“含有”。What does the price include这个价钱都包括什么？Wha

5、t does beer contain啤酒包含有什么？injure, hurt, wound这几个词都可以表示“受伤”，但injure 多指以外受伤，hurt既可以指肉体上的受伤， 也可以指精神上的伤害，wound多指刀伤和枪伤之类的外伤。insist, stick 厘这三个词都可以表示“坚持，但insist 后接介词on, stick 后接介词to; insist 后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。laugh, smile 同这两个词都可以表示“笑”，laugh强调出声的笑，“大笑”，而smile表示不出声的笑，“微笑”。listen, hear ; i这两个词都表示“听”，但lis

6、ten 强调听的过程，而 hear强调听的结果，“听见”。He listened carefully, but could hear nothing.他仔细听，可什么也听不见。其它类似的用法还有：look看/ see 看见，look for 找/ find 找到。look, seem, appear这三个词都可以用作连系动词，look强调从视觉得出的印象，seem表示有一定的根据， 较接近事实，appear表示外表上如此，但事实未必如此。pause, stop 旨1这两个词都可以表示“停”，但pause强调“暂停”，稍后还会继续下去，而 stop表示 最后停下来。win, beat这两个词都有

7、“赢”的意思，但 win后接比赛等，而beat后接人作宾语。advise, suggest &这两个词都可以表示“建议”，后面都可以接动名词和宾语从句，而且接从句时，从句中的动词都要用 should +动词原形（should可省略）；但是，advise可以接复合宾语，而 suggest不可以。I advised her to stay at home instead of going with us.我劝她呆在家里，不要跟我们去。attend, join, take part in这三个用 法都可 以表示“参加， 但attend 后面一般接a meeting /school/class/wed

8、ding 等，join 表示参加组织，后面一般接 the Party/the League/the army等，而 take part in 等于join in,表示参加活动。cost, spend, take, paycost 用于 sth. cost (sb.) money, spend 用于 sb. spend. time/money (in)doing sth./ on sth., take 用于 It takes (sb.) time to do sth., pay用于 sb. pay money for sth.This book cost me ten yuan.这本书花了我十元

9、钱。I spent ten yuan (in) buying this book.我买这本书花了十元钱。I spent two hours reading this book.我花了两小时读这本书。It took me two hours to read this book.读这本书花了我两小时。I paid ten yuan for this book.我买这本书花了十元钱。get, arrive, reach这几个词都可以表示“到达”的意思，get是一个不及物动词，后带 to接名词作宾语；arrive 也是一个不及物动词，后带 at （小地方）或in （大地方）接名词作宾语；reach是及

10、物动词，直接接名词作宾语。happen, take place这两个用法都有“发生”的意思，但happen强调偶然发生，而take place 一般指按计划或有组织发生。invent, discoverinvent表示发明”以前没有过的东西，而 discover表示发现”已经存在的东西。separate, divide 由这两个动词都可以表示“分”的意思，但 separate表示把两个相对独立的部分分开， 常和介词from连用；而divide表示把一个整体分成若干部分，常和介词into连用。watch, look, see, read这几个词都可以表示“看”的意思，但 watch 一般用于观看

11、电视或比赛，look侧重于 注意力，强调动作，see侧重于视觉，强调结果，read强调文字性的东西。hope, wish 房作动词时，这两个词都可以表示 “希望”，都可以跟从句，但hope后宾语从句中谓语动 词用陈述语气，而 wish后宾语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气； wish后面可以跟带不定式的复 合宾语，而hope不能；这两个词都可以直接跟带 to的不定式作宾语。put on, wear, dress这三个表达法都可以表示“穿”，但put on用作及物动词，后接具体的衣服，强调穿的动作；wear是一个及物动词，后接具体的衣服，指经常性的动作，表示状态；dress可以用作不及物动词，可单独用，

12、表示“穿衣”，也可用作及物动词，表示“给穿衣服” ，后接 人等穿的对象，或者用于“ be dressed in ”，后接具体的衣服或衣服的颜色。rise, raise, lift 密这几个动词都有“上升”，“提高”之意，但rise是一个不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，经常用来指太阳、月亮、物价、体温、气温、河水、潮水以及职位等的“上升”；raise是一个及物动词，表示“举起”，“提高”，“提出”，“饲养”，种植等意思；lift也是 一个及物动词，表示“举起”，“抬起”，“搬起”，强调物体的沉重，含有举起要费力气的意 思。lie, lay 闽这两个词在意思上没有什么关系，但它们的形式容易弄混。原形

13、词义过去分词形式现在分词形式lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺，放，位于laylainlyinglay产卵laidlaidlayingknow, recognize know的意思是知道，认识，表示认出讲时，常与介词from连用，构成know from词组，表示“把和分辨开来” ；recognize的意思是“认出”，“认识到”，是 建立在原先就认识的基础上的。join, connect -这两个动词都可以表示“连结”的意思，join 一般指结合，联合，把两者连成一体，常与介词to搭配，join A to B 把A连到B上，join+地点，表示在某地连接， join sth.with

14、sth.用某东西连结某物；connect指衔接，联系，两者还保持各自的独立性，常用于connect A with B ,把 A和 B 连在一起，be connected with 与有联系。learn, study 二 i这两个动词都可以表示“学”，但learn指“学会”，“学到”，表示通过用功或被教授从 而获得知识和技能，强调学习的结果，而且多用于初级阶段的学习， 后面可接不定式或名词, 如果接从句就表示“了解得知”的意思；study指“学习”，“研究”，表示较深入的学习或研究，强调学习的过程，后面不能跟不定式，可接名词或代词作宾语。grow, plantI猫这两个动词都有“种，植”的意思，

15、但 grow意思是“养殖”，指使某种植物在某地生长 并使其发展下去，是一个及物动词； 而plant的意思是“移植”，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物， 是一一个及物动词。answer, reply 施这两个动词都有“回答，答复”的意思，但 answer是一个及物动词，后面可接人或信 或问题，还常表示（听到声音去）接电话或应门；而 reply是一个不及物动词，后面要先接 介词to ,然后再接人或信或问题。forget, leave _这两个都可以表示“遗忘”的意思，但forget表示记忆中遗忘了某事或某物，后面接名词或代词作宾语，而leave则表示把某物遗忘在什么地方，在宾语后面必须要加上地点。lose,

16、 miss 版这两个动词都有“丢，失”的意思，但 lose 一般指不会再找回来的遗失或丢掉，是一 个及物动词，其分词形容词用 lost, be lost 也可指迷路；miss指可能是暂时的“失踪” 或者是“遗失”，其分词形容词用 missing 。二、强化训练I am sorry I forgot your dictionary. I will borrow one for you.A. to bringB. takeC. bringingD. takingI can hardly hear the recorder. Would you please?A. turn it downB. tu

17、rn it upC. turn it onD. turn it offHow is he with his studiesA. get inB. get overC. get throughD. get alongAs soon as our English teacher the classroom, we all stood up.A. entered intoB. came intoC. came D. came inDo you know who the New World in 1492?A. inventedB. foundedC. createdD. discoveredHis

18、parents had to him study hard when he was young.A. obligeB. askC. makeD. forceThey married yesterday but I was too busy to their wedding.A. joinB. attendC. take part inD. join inIn the one-hundred-meter race, Tom Mike and the race.A. defeated, wonB. won, gainedC. beat, wonD. beated,defeatedCould you

19、 tell me when your wedding will?A. take placeB. holdC. haveD. happenI have no idea they here the day before yesterday.A. reachedB. arrivedC. got toD. arrived atDon t buy cheap coal. It a lot of smoke.A. gives offB. gives inC. gives upD. gives awayKate is in difficulty. Who is willing to her a favour

20、?A. makeB. do C. giveD. takeIt is said that the sports meeting may be if it rains tomorrow.A. put upB. put awayC. put downD. put off14.! There is a hole ahead.A. Look onB. Look outC. Look aroundD. Look forward15. If possible, you must as much work as you can.A. take onB. take backC. take upD. take o

21、ver16. I really you to study harder from today on and pass the final exam.A. hope B. wishC. orderD. forceI want to know how much you on books each term.A. payB. costC. spendD. takeChildren, get up and quickly. It s time to have breakfast.A. wearB. put onC. wearsD. dressCan you English If so, please

22、us a story in English.A. talk, sayB. say, talkC. tell, speakD. speak, tellShe told me that she agreed me but she couldn t give me any help.A. toB. withC. on D. aboutWe used to live in a house which was made wood.A. ofB. fromC. intoD. inyou.How are you I haven t you for such a long time. Now I am wri

23、ting toA. heard ofB. heard aboutC. heard fromD. heardIn the zoo, we fed grass the sheep.A. onB. withC. toD. forWhen do you want to me We have known each other long enough.A. be marriedB. marryC. get married withD. marry withAt last he me and drinking .A. gave in to gave upB. gave way to, gave outC.

24、gave up, gave inD. gave in gave upI prefer TV to out for a walk today.A. watch, go B. watching, go C. to watch, goingD. watching,goingDo you know the story about a king who fine, new clothes.A. caredB. cared aboutC. cared much forD. took care ofThey waited until the sound of the footsteps in the dis

25、tance.A. died ofD. died fromC. died outD. died awayYou should have done something to the boys troubling you.A. keep fromB. be kept from C. be kept / D. keep /It is known that the Pacific Asia America.A. divides intoB. divides fromC. separates fromD.separates intoD. connects withThe Canal North Ameri

26、ca Latin America.A. puts toB. joins with C. unites toI don t know when they are America ?A. set off forB. start off forC. leaving for D. leaving toWhen did you a carD. studyA. learn drivingB. study to driveC. learn to drivedriving34. Now it is spring. Its time for ustrees on the hill.A. to growB. to

27、 plantC. growingD. plantingI always her letter at once only if I am free.A. answer toB. answer forC. reply toD. reply forI my book in the classroom when I went home yesterday.A. forgotB. leftC. had forgottenD. had leftt her as she had changedB. know, recognizeD. know, recognizedThough I her five yea

28、rs ago, I couldn greatly.A. knew, recognizedC. knew, recognizeHe said he would a bike me the next day.A. borrow to B. borrow, inC. lend from D. lend toThe boy who on the grass to me yesterday.A. is lying, liedB. is laying, liedC. laid, layD. lay, laidLook! The moon from behind the mountain.A. is rai

29、singB. is risingC. is risenD. is raisedHe took off his shoes and them on the floor.A. tookB. broughtC. droppedD. fellA. lendB. borrowC. takeD. keepIf you like, you can it for another two weeks.How do you this word I am not sure whether I can write it correctly.A. sayB. readC. pronounceD. spellHis sp

30、eech as long as more than two hours, so that everybody felt bored.A. was lastedB. spentC. endedD. lastedShe her bike and hurt her legs yesterday afternoon.A. fell downB. fell offC. fell awayD. fell outIt is reported that another earthquake may this area soon.A. heatB. hurtC. hitD. strikePlease the n

31、otice on the door.A. put onB. put downC. put upD. put offThe old man wanted to the two pieces of wood with nails.A. fillB. joinC. putD. giveWhat she said strange, but it was true.A. lookedB. soundedC. heardD. listenedAn answering machine helps to the telephone message while you are out.A. sayB. stay

32、C. keepD. writeI tried to get them to the price of the TV set, but they refused to.So I didn tbuy it.A. go upB. bring downC. bring upD. go downThe doctor my father to stop smoking and my father did so.A. letB. saidC. advisedD. suggestedI think he will soon his disappointment and be cheerful again.ge

33、t throughget overC. get upD. get awayIn all, they more than 300,000 Chinese characters.A. come upB. come intoC. come toD. come aboutCan you me this evening .A. ring onB. ring inC. ring offD. ring upWe your help and kindness very much.A. thankB. appreciateC. loveD. offerdeer is their work.A. Feeding

34、toB. RaisingC. RisingD. Supplying58. At that time no one could exactly what was going to happen next.A. talkB. sayC. tellD.speakC. make a fireD. catch fireIt s too cold here. Shall IA. set fireB. light a firev1.0可编辑可修改She got a letter from her parents yesterday and it her of her home.A. thoughtB. re

35、memberedC. forgotD. reminded参考答案A忘了做某事后面要接不定式。B turn down “把（音量）关小“，turn up “把（音量）开大“，turn on 开，turn off “关”。D get in “到达”，“请某人来”，“上（车），get over “作完”，“恢复”， get through （电话）接通“，明白，“成功，get along （人或活动）进展”，“继续”，“（人） 相处融洽”。B enter 是一个及物动词，后面不接介词；come in中的in是一个副词，后面不接名词。D invent发明，found 成立，create 创造，disc

36、over 发现。C make后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，其它三个动词后面都必须接带to的不定式作宾语补足语。B join表示加入某种组织并成为其中的一员；attend表示“出席”，“参加”（meeting/school/wedding等）；take part in = join in表示参力口某种活动。C beat后接人，win后接比赛等。A take place表示按计划发生，happen表示偶然发生，hold和have都是及物动词。B单独表示“到达”，不接到什么地方，只能用 arrive 。A give off 散发，give in 让步，“投降，give up 放弃，戒掉， giv

37、e away 赠送，“泄露”。B do sb. a favour“帮某人一个忙”。D put up“举起”，“支起”，“张贴”，put away “放好”，“存着备用”，put down 击败，贬低，put off推迟，延期。B look on 旁观，观看，look out 小心，当心，look around 到处寻找， 15v1.0可编辑可修改 四处查看，look forward 盼望（后接介词 to）”。D take on呈现，聘用，take back 承认错误，同意收回，take up 从事于”，“占”，“继续，take over “接任”，“接管”。B这里表示说话人的一种愿望。C这里表

38、示某人花费多少钱在什么事上。D在这句t中，dress用作不及物动词，表示“穿衣服”。D说某种语言用speak,给某人讲故事用tell 。B agree to 表示同意某事，agree with 表示同意某人或某人所说的话，agree on表示就某事达成一致意见。A be made of 由组成”（看得出原料），be made from 由组成（看不出原料），be made into ”（可以）组成 ,be made in ”产于。C hear from sb. 收到某人的来信”，hear of/about 听说。C feedto把喂给”,动词后面接食物，介词后面接人或动物，feedwith/o

39、n用喂，动词后面接人或动物， 介词后面接食物，feedon-“以为食”。B marry sb.“娶某人，和某人结婚”,表动作，不与时间段连用，be married tosb. “和某人结婚”，表状态，要注意这里不能用介词with , get married “结婚”，“成家”，表动作，get married to sb.和某人结婚”，表动作。A give in “让步”，“投降”，in是一个副词，后面不接宾语，give in to对让步”，“屈服于”，give up放弃”，停止”，接名词或代词或动名词作宾语，如果是代词必须放在中间，give way to= give in to 对让步，“屈服于”，give out 用兀，分发 。26. D prefer A to B“喜欢A而不喜欢B”，to是一个介词，A和B词形要一致，都是名词或代词或动名词，prefer to do A rather than do B ”宁愿做 A 而不愿做 B”, prefer sb. to do sth