中英=高级英语1何兆熊Unit5conservativesandliberals讲课教案

1、中英=高级英语 1 何兆熊 Uni t 5conservat i ves andl i ber al s学习好资料精品资料Unit 5 conservatives and liberals保守派和革新派Conservatives and LiberalsRalph Waldo EmersonThe two parties which divide the state, the party of Conservative and that of innovation, are very old, and have disputed the possession of the world ever

2、 since it was made. This quarrel is the subject of civil history. The conservative party established the reverend hierarchies and monarchies of the most ancient world. The battle of patrician and plebian, of parent state and colony, of old usage and accommodation to new facts, of the rich and, of th

3、e poor, reappears in all countries and times. The war rages not only in battlefields, in national councils, and ecclesiastical synods, but agitates every man s bosom withpposing advantages every hour. On rolls the old world meantime, and now one, now the other gets the day, and still the fight renew

4、s itself as if for the first time, under new names and hot personalities.这个国家存在着两个政党，保守党和革新党。这两个政党长期存 在，并且，自从这个世界存在财产后，两个政党就有了争端。这种 争端是人民历史发展的主题。保守党建立了这个世界最古老的值得 尊敬的等级制度和君主制。两党之间的战争包括贵族和平民，宗主国和殖民地，旧秩序和新秩序，穷人和富人。这些争端存在于所有 国家的每个时刻。战争的范围不仅是在战场，在国家议会和基督教 议会，而且每时每刻都以反对性质的优势牵动着每个人的内心。旧 世界被推翻的同时建立起新世界。今天新世

5、界发展得很好，但是他 仍然要不断的以新的的名字和时代性个性更新自我，。Such an irreconcilable antagonism, of course, must have a correspondent depth of seat in the human constitution. It is the opposition of Past and Future, of Memory and Hope, of the Understanding and Reason. It is the primal antagonism, the appearance in trifles of

6、the two poles of nature.当然，如此势不两立的敌对势力必须对人类的体制有相似深度的 理解。这就是过去和将来，记忆和希望，理解和原因的对立。最基 本的敌对势力存在于自然两级中的琐事中。There is a fragment of old fable which seems somehow to have been dropped from the current mythologies, which may deserve attention, as it appears to relate to this subject.有一个古老预言的片段似乎一定程度上能用来解释现今的

7、神话， 它很值得关注，因为它与这个主题相关。Saturn grew weary of sitting alone, or with none but the great Uranus or Heaven beholding him, and he created an oyster. Then he would act again, but he made nothing more, butwent on creating the race of oysters. Then Ur anus cried, anew work, O Saturn! The old is not good agai

8、n.”Saturn replied,“ I fear. There is not only the alternative ofmaking and not making, but also of unmaking. Seest thou thegreat sea, how it ebbs and flows? So is it with me; my power ebbs; and if I put forth my hands, I shall not do, but undo.Therefore I do what I have done; I hold what I have got;

9、 andso I resist Night and Chaos.”“ O Saturn, replied Uranus. Thou canst not hold thine own,but by making more. Thy oysters are barnacles and cockles, and with the next flowing of the tide, they will be pebble and sea foam. ”“ I see, “ rejoins Saturn,“ thou art in league with Night, thouart become an

10、 evil eye: thou spakest from love; now thy words smite me with hatred. I appeal to Fate, must there not berest? - I appeal to Fate also, said Uranus,“ must thbe motion? -目ut Saturn was silent and went on makingoysters for a thousand years.After that the word of Uranus came into his mind like a ray o

11、f the sun, and he made Jupiter; and then he feared again; andnature froze, the things that were made went backward, and tosave the world, Jupiter slew his father Saturn.This may stand for the earliest account of a conversation onpolitics between a Conservative and a Radical, which has comedown to us

12、. It is ever thus. It is the counteraction of thecentripetal and the centrifugal forces. Innovation is the salientenergy; Conservatism the pause on the last movement.which is was made by God,“ saith Conservatismving He ithat, he is entering this other, rejoins Innovation.这个也许是保守党和激进党政见最早描述的代表，它传承下来给

13、我们。他曾经是那样。它是离心力和向心力的对抗。革新党是突起的力量，保守党是最后发展的停滞。保守党坚持那是上帝创造的东 西。革新党增加到上帝留下了一些东西，他也将加入其他的东西。There is always a certain meanness in the argument ofconservatism, joined with certain superiority in its fact. Itaffirms because it holds. Its fingers clutch the fact, and it willnot open its eyes to see a bette

14、r fact. The castle, whichconservatism set to defend, is the actual state of things. Ofcourse, conservatism always has the worst of the argument, isalways apologizing, pleading a necessity, pleading that tochange would be to deteriorate; it must saddle itself with themountainous load of all the viole

15、nce and vice of society, mustdeny the possibility of good, deny ideas, and suspect and stone the prophet; whilst innovation is always in the right, triumphant, attacking, and sure of final success. Conservatism stands on man s incontestable limitations; reform on his indisputable infinitude; conserv

16、atism on circumstance; liberalism on power; one goes to make an adroit member of the social frame; the other to postpone all things to the man himself; conservatism is debonair and social; reform is individual and imperious. We are reformers in the spring and summer, in autumn and winter we stand by

17、 the old; reformers in the morning, conservers at night. Reform is affirmative, conservatism negative;conservatism goes for comfort, reform for truth. Conservatismis more candid to behold another s worth; reform moredisposed to maintain and increase its own. Conservatism makes no poetry, breathes no

18、 prayer, has no invention; it is all memory. Reform has no gratitude, no prudence, no husbandry. It makes a great difference to your figure and to your thought, whether your foot is advancing or receding. Conservatism never puts the foot forward; in the hour when it does that, it is not establishmen

19、t, but reform. Conservatism tends to universal seeming and treachery, believes in a negative fate; believes that men s temper governs them; thaor me, it avails not totrust in principles; they will fail me; I must bend a little; it distrusts nature; it thinks there is a general law without a particul

20、ar application, law for all that does not include any one. Reform in its antagonism inclines to asinine resistance, to kick with hoofs; it runs to egotism and bloated self-conceit; it runs to a bodiless pretension, to unnatural refining and elevation, which ends in hypocrisy and sensual reaction.保守党

21、总是有一些无意义的争论，同时也存在一些优点。因为坚持 所以确定，她的手指紧握事实，它永不会睁开双眼看更好的事态， 保守党保卫他建立的代表现今事态的城堡，无论好坏。当然，保守 党总是保有最坏的争议，他总是道歉，恳请必需品，恳请这个世界 做恶化的改变；她用庞大的所有暴力和社会罪恶来武装自己，否定 好的可能性，否定观点，否定和怀疑先知，与此同时，革新党总是 对的，成功的，进攻性的并确定最终的成功。保守党坚持人类无可 否认的极限，保守党拥有环境，革新党拥有权利。一个要建立社会 结构中的灵活成员，另一个要延迟事物的发展。保守主义是温文尔 雅的，交际的；革新主义是独立的专横的。我们是春天和夏天的改 良者，

22、秋天和冬天我们坚持旧秩序，早上是改良者，晚上是保守 者。改革是肯定的，保守主义是否定的，保守主义为了安逸，改革 是为了真理。保守主义可以更坦率的看到对方的价值，改良主义更 倾向于维持和提高自身。改良主义否定艺术，禁止祷告，消灭发 明，他只是回忆。改良主义没有感激没有慎重也不存在细心的管 理。无论你的脚步是前进还是后退，它让你的形象和你的思想都有 很大的不同。保守主义从不前进就算是应该前进也停滞前进，它不 存在建设。但是改革主义做到了。保守主义倾向于浅显的世界观并 且反复无常，相信消极命运，相信人类的态度决定它们自身。对我 来说，它是不能信任的原则，他们将会使我失败，我必须通融一 点，他不相信自

23、然，它相信一种没有特殊用途的普遍法律存在，这 个法律适用于所有人，但是并不包括每个人。改革主义反而坚持荒 谬的抵抗，用来激烈的反抗，他坚持自我主义和盲目的自信，它相 信无形的虚荣，用于非自然的改善和晋升。他将与为善和肉体的反 应而结束。And so whilst we do not go beyond general statements, it may be safely affirmed of these two metaphysical antagonists, that each is a good half, but an impossible whole. Each exposes the abuses of the other, but in a true society, in a true man, both must combine. Nature does not give the crown of its approbation, namely, beauty, to any action or emblem or actor but to one which combines both these elements; not to the rockwhich resists the waves from age to age, not to the