中国5G端到端切片SLA行业需求研究

1、CONTENTSWhy 5G Slicing SLA Needs to Be Standardized? 01Understanding Connectivity SLA Requirements with Maslows Hierarchy of Needs 03SLA Palette for 5G Network Slicing 05Healthcare Slices and SLA Levels 06Manufacturing Slices and SLA Levels 09Electric Power Slices and SLA Levels 115G Slice Palette B

2、enefits: Industry Engagement andConnectivity Evaluation 14Page 01Why 5G Slicing SLA Needs to Be Standardized?01Why 5G Slicing SLA Needs to Be Standardized?Over the past year, 5G network slicing has made a significant impact in the t elecom industry. Operators and equipment vendors understand the tre

3、mendous benefits offered by network slicing, and are determined to take full advantage. Consequently, an array of white papers have been released, which expand on network slicing technologies and architectures and delve deep into its application benchmarks. These white papers serve as valuable refer

4、ences for the further developing of network slicing; however, the technical details conveyed are quite complex and difficult for industry customers to follow, and the industry-specific use cases provided do not lend themselves well to simple application in other fields by service suppliers and devic

5、e vendors. As such, this paper centers on classifying industry SLA requirements at different levels, aligning varied service demands with specific technology implementation.Clear SLA requirements and levels are crucial to both network slicing service providers and consumers, so that both parties can

6、 jointly planan appropriate set of network capabilities for certain service scenarios. In order to achieve this, we need to recognize and unravel the following issues:Industry players do not have a common understanding of network slicing.While a batch of industry applications have been verified on S

7、A networks, industry players suffer from a lack of knowledge regarding network slicing capabilities. As a result, they are unclear about how t o pack s uch capabilit ies int o a network slice suitable for their industry sectors and how to purchase a well-designed slice, let alone see the business op

8、portunities and benefits that go along with network slicing.Operators do not sufficiently involveindustry partners when defining the SLA. A well-rounded SLA framework must be able to support all professional applications in different industry segments, and it cannot be defined by operators alone. Jo

9、int efforts with industry customers, especially leading enterprises in each domain, are indispensable to formulate Page 02Why 5G Slicing SLA Needs to Be Standardized?a comprehensive, clear, and adaptive SLA framework.Current slice classification and SLA levels are not ideal for efficient slice manag

10、ement.Network capabilities need to be orchestrated with fine-grained control for flexible combination, but too fine a granularity will cripple slicing management. The operational complexity and service requirement diversity must be balanced via clear SLA specifications and streamlined service qualit

11、y management processes, so that both service providers and consumers can seek a cost-effective and beneficial slicing solution. Such a solution will be the product of continuous verification and iteration in the market.As such, research on SLA levels for 5G network slicing is of vital importance, as

12、 it will facilitate the operation and management of network slicing and benefit both operators and industry players. To be specific:Appropriate SLA levels help industry customers to understand and leverage network slices.Well-defined SLA metrics will effectively reflect service types and differences

13、. Standard SLA levels combined with these metrics can help industry customers efficiently select ideal slices which fit into industry characteristics, thereby avoiding unnecessary communications wit h operators or service providers. Industries can reap the benefits provided by 5G technologies and ap

14、plications in no time.Standard SLA enables operators to better serve industries.Three main benefits exist in this context: First, by standardizing the SLA, operators will gain valuable insights into the 5G application requirements of different industries, based on which operators can tailor slices f

15、avorable to most applicable fields. In addition, the standard SLA framework will contribute to lower OPEX. Operators can provide different quotes for services at different SLA levels and negotiate service prices and assurance levels wit h customers via a communication platform, while network slices

16、can be accurately and flexibly customized with cost-beneficial O&M. Last but not least, the SLA framework helps yield higher slice service quality by offering systematic, rational criteria to evaluate different types of slices. Consequently, operators can precisely monitor and control services on ea

17、ch slice.SLA levels serve as valid reference for industry authority decision-making.Security is a common concern among industries that consider 5G as a major pillar of their business. Industry authorities are urged to establish overarching security specifications, encompassing everything from 5G net

18、works to terminals and data, and to set up secure interconnection mechanisms between the telecom industry and other 5G applicable v er t ic als . T he quant it at iv e m et r ic s and industry standards of 5G network capabilities are significant inputs for defining security specifications on 5G slic

19、ing. For example, if network slicing is leveraged to build a smart grid, the power grid supervision departments can effectively evaluate whether the network metrics meet industry standards and security isolation requirements, with clear SLA levels as reference.Page 03Understanding Connectivity SLA R

20、equirements with Maslows Hierarchy of Needs02Understanding Connectivity SLA Requirementswith Maslows Hierarchy of NeedsAbraham Maslow was an outstanding psychologist. He proposed a model for analyzing innate human needs which were depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. Individuals must sa

21、tisfy needs at the lower level of the hierarchy before progressing to those higher up, and this model has become a general-purpose theory used to classify needs. According to Maslows model, the industry requirements on 5G networks can also be classified into a hierarchy of needs. F rom bot t om t o

22、t op, these are: deterministic services, security and trustworthiness, and self-management.Deterministic servicesDif f erent user groups impose dif f erent requirements on bandwidth, latency, packet loss rate, jitter, service availability, and service provisioning efficiency. To ensure deterministic

23、 services for a certain user group, in addition to SLA assurance, differentiated restriction measures such as limiting the traffic rate for point- to- point service users may need to be taken. In addition, AI- infused edge computing and positioning must be provided from end to end for available serv

24、ices.Security and trustworthinessSome industries have stringent requirements on network security and reliability, and may demand a dedicated logical network in order to secure their services with isolated resources. They may further require data be encrypted and authenticated, preventing services on

25、 their slices from being tampered with. Such security rules will be incorporated into the service systems of industry customers, making these systems more intelligent and adaptive.Self-managementIndustry customers increasingly monitor KPIs, such as latency and bandwidth, and configure network slices

26、 by themselves. They may even expect to use their own network devices, such as core gateways and edge computing equipment.Page 04Understanding Connectivity SLA Requirements with Maslows Hierarchy of NeedsControlSelf-managementManagementMonitoringSecurity and trustworthinessIsolationEncryptionAuthent

27、icationDeterministic servicesComputing Packet lossBandwidthProvisioningAvailabilityPositioning JitterLatencyIn our survey, we selected bandwidth and latency as two major dimensions to reflect the deterministic levels of services. The tests conducted in Zhejiang Unicoms 5G slicing project at a medica

28、l community coincided with our selection, as the results showed that these two factors result in the greatest impact on user experience. The table below lists the bandwidth and latency for different experiences with image zoom and rotation in 3D image reconstruction.ExperienceBandwidth (Mbit/s)Laten

29、cy (ms)Smooth, with no noticeable latency2010Slight latency10110Obvious latency3179The requirements for security and trustworthiness are primarily fulfilled by isolating resources at different levels, and those for self-management can be determined by the management capabilities of industry customer

30、s. As the layered model becomes more widely applied, more dimensions can be introduced to categorize and evaluate SLA needs.Page 05SLA Palette for 5G Network Slicing03SLA Palette for 5G Network SlicingTo help industry customers easily understand SLA levels and match them with their service needs, we

31、 have defined a palette to illustrate 5G slicing SLA requirements.The requirements for bandwidth, latency, security and trustworthiness, and self-management are arranged into levels B1-B5, T1-T5, S1-S2, and M1-M3, respectively. Customers can select levels to set up an SLA for their services; for exa

32、mple, the SLA requirements for video monitoring at a power grid can be a combination of B3, T2, S1, and M3.ServiceDescription(Applicable Scenario, SolutionMaturity, User Quantity, etc.)SLA RequirementsDeterministic ServicesSecurity and TrustworthinessSelf-ManagementBandwidth Per User (Mbit/s)Latency

33、 (ms)Logical isolation:Resources are shared, andscheduled toservices based on priorities.Physical isolation:Resources are dedicated, andisolated by tunnel or timeslot.Visualized: Service status and user information are intuitively displayed.Manageable: Services can be modified, and their life cycles

34、 can be efficiently managed.Self-operation: Self-operation can be implemented over well- defined APIs.B1B2B3B4B5T1T2T3T4T5S1S2M1M2M31-1010-2020-5050-10010050-10020-5010-205-10 1005010020501020510 1005010020501020510 1005010020501020510 5Logical isolationPhysical isolationVisualizedManage- ableOperab

35、leInspectionslice based on HD videosYYYYPower grid control slicebased on low latencyYYYYMonitoring slice based on wireless collectionYYYYInspection slice based on HD videos (B3, T2, S1, and M3)This type of slice mainly provides big video services, and applies to scenarios such as mobile inspection o

36、f power transmission lines, comprehensive video monitoring of power distribution rooms, robot inspection of substations, and AR/VR-based intelligent inspection.Page 12Electric Power Slices and SLA LevelsThe user bandwidth level is B3 (2050 Mbit/s). The required bandwidth varies depending on the type

37、 of video. For example, AR inspection requires at least 30 Mbit/s bandwidth, drone/ robot inspection requires at least 2 Mbit/s bandwidth, and video monitoring requires 410 Mbit/s bandwidth.The latency level is T2 (2050 ms). Inspection applications do not have high requirements on latency, with the

38、latency of AR inspection less than 50 ms, that of drone/robot inspection less than 300 ms, and that of video monitoring less than 200 ms.The isolation level is S1 (logical isolation). Power grid applications are used for services in the production control area and management information area. Video

39、monitoring applications are used for services in the management information area and need to be physically isolat ed f rom public net work services, applications of other industries, and services in the power production control area. In addition, services in the production management zone (security

40、zone III) need to be logically isolated from those in the information management zone (security zone IV) in the same area. Considering the balance between service requirements and network construction costs, it is recommended that the 5G core network and bearer network implement physical isolation,

41、and that the RAN implement the resource preemption mechanism based on priority scheduling to achieve logical isolation.The management level is M3 (operable). Electric power inspection applications involve multiple areas, and self-defined user group management, new service rollout and commissioning,

42、self-helptroubleshooting, and access permission control are generally required. As such, management achieves the M3 level (operable).Power grid control slice based on low latency (B1, T3, S2, and M3)This type of slice includes intelligent distributed power distribution automation, electrical load re

43、quirement response, and distributed energy control.The per-user bandwidth level is B1 (110 Mbit/s). Control data is mostly instruction data, and the data bandwidth is approximately 2 Mbit/s.The latency level is T3 (1020 ms), as the latency of differential protection cannot exceed 15 ms. With the wid

44、e application of intelligent distributed power distribution network terminals, more distributed point-to-point connections will emerge, and more local control and linkage with the main network will be required. In addition, millisecond-level latency will be required.The isolation level is S2 (physic

45、al isolation). Applications such as power distribution automation and precise load control are used for services in the power production control area, and these need to be physically isolated from public network services, application of other industries, and services in the power management area. In

46、 addition, services in the real-time control zone (security zone I) need to be logically isolated from those in the non- cont r ol product ion zone (securit y z one I I ) in the same area. E2E physical isolation is recommended. That is, in addition to the 5G core network and bearer network, the RAN

47、network implements the resource block (RB) reservation mechanism to achieve physical isolation.Page 13Electric Power Slices and SLA LevelsThe management level is M3 (operable). The electric power industry involves multiple provincial and municipal companies. Through open APIs, users can take advanta

48、ge of self- operation capabilities such as slice service monitoring and service management. As such, management achieves the M3 level (operable).Monitoring slice based on wireless collection (B1, T1, S1, and M3)This type of slice applies to scenarios such as electricity consumption information collection and power dist