21世纪 大学英语读写教程第二册Unit 8

1、 UNIT 8 Text A Unwritten Rules.Teaching Objectives1. Understand the audio materials of this unit.2. Grasp the key words , phrases and structure.3. Master the skills of writing and reading in this unit.1) Developing passages beginning with rhetorical questions2) Distinguishing between facts and opini

2、ons in reading materials.II. Teaching Content1. Lead-in Activities2. Text Organization3. Skill Learning in Writing and Reading4 .Language Points (key words, phrases and difficult sentences)5. Grammar Focus ( “must have don”epattern )6 .Guided Practice ( exercises, oral practice and group work )III.

3、Teaching Process1. Warm-up Questions/Activity1) General Introduction:How do you behave when youre alone? Late at night when no oneelse is around, do you burst into spontaneous song and dance? roll around on the grass? makefaces at the Moon? If youre like most of us, you probably dont do any of these

4、 things (veryoften!)-in fact you probably dont even talk to yourself (much!). The unwritten rules andregulations of decent behavior- which some people call “ the social contract”- are anamazingly strong force in our lives.2) Pair Ss and ask them to recall one experience of breaking a certain rule, e

5、ither consciously orunconsciously.3) Have them prepare for the following questions:-Did you realize you broke a rule at the moment it happened?-If so why did you do that?-How did you feel about that?-Were you punished? Why or why not?2. Text OrganizationThe text can be divided into three parts:Part

6、one (para1-5) The author takes an event in restaurant as an example to reveal a commonphenomenonpeople are governed by some unwritten rules and customs, which makes acivilization.Part two (para6-9) The author provides more examples to illustrate his ideas.Part three (para10) A conclusion: There are

7、many rules that we all obey and we wont thinkabout them until rare person violates them. But they are necessary parts in a civilization.3. Skill Learning in Writing and Reading 1) Writing Skill: Learn to write paragraphs based on rhetorical questions. Rhetorical questions arequestions that the write

8、r asks in order to make a point, not because s/he doesnt know theanswer. On the one hand, the writer already knows or thinks s/he knows how most people willanswer these questions. On the other hand, the writer answers his own rhetorical questions.Example:Have you ever had a brilliant idea that you n

9、ever told anyone about ? Too many of us neglectour own moments o f genius because we dont have enough confidence. When you hear theword “genius”, do you automatically think it refers to someone else ? Probablyand thats thebiggest barrier to being a genius yourself.2) Reading Skill: Distinguishing be

10、tween facts and opinions in reading materials.The ability to tell the difference between facts on the one hand and the writers opinions orinterpretations on the other is a crucial comprehension skill. Facts are statements that tell whatreally happened or what the case is, and they are usually based

11、on direct evidence. Opinions,on the other hand, are statements, of belief, judgement or feeling. Opinions, of course, areoften based on factsbut they also involve the writers personal interpretation of the facts,which may or may not match your interpretation of them. The biggest difficuty indistingu

12、ishing fact from opinion, however, may arise when you agree with the writers opinion:When we believe something very strongly, its easy to mistake our opinions for facts! Socritical reading involves careful examination of our own beliefs as well as the authors.4. Language Points1) rule: Statement of

13、what can, should or must be done in certain circumstances or when playing agame.2) unwritten rule: Rule that is based on custom and practice rather than by law, but is not writtendown.3) A steady hum of conversation hung over the room. (para1)hang over:remain, esp. as sth. Unpleasant or threateningE

14、xamples:A Smog used to hang over the city.An economic crisis is hanging over the country.They felt some kind of disaster was hanging over them.With the court case hanging over us, we couldnt enjoy our vacation.4) The man was shouting at the top of his voice. (para3)at the top of ones voice /lungs :

15、as loudly as one canExamples:The fans screamed at the top of their voice at the sight of Michael Jackson.5) .just as suddenly as he had started, he lowered his voice and finished whatever it was he had tosay in a tone the rest of us could not hear(para3)paraphrasejust as he had suddenly started shou

16、ting, he suddenly lowered his voice andfinished his words no matter what it was that he wanted to say , so quietly that the others couldnot hear.lower/raise ones voice : speak more quietly/loudlyExamples:She lowered her voice and told her friend a secret.The professor raised his voice so that everyo

17、ne in the classroom could hear him. 6) . with the pressures of our modern world you would almost expect to run into such things on aregular basis. But you dont; as a matter of fact. (para4)paraphraseIn modem society where people are suffering stresses of life and work youalmost take it for granted t

18、hat you would meet with such things very often. But you dontencounter such things very often; in fact .on a . basis : (be done) in a . way; using a. methodExamples:These people donate their blood on a voluntary basis (= voluntarily).The results of the experiment are checked on a daily basis (= every

19、 day).as a matter of fact: in fact; in realityExamples:Im going there tomorrow, as a matter of fact.Nobody wants to miss the opening ceremony; as a matter of fact, theyve already bought thetickets for it.7) when I th ought it over I realized that it was the first time in my life I had witnessed such

20、 ademonstration. (para4)witness such a demonstration: see such a burst of emotionwitness vt. see (sth.) happen; observeExamples:The police are trying to find people who witnessed the car accident.He arrived home just in time to witness his brother being taken away by the police.demonstration : n. a

21、display or expression of emotion7) its just one example of the unwritten rules we live by .(para5)the unwritten rules we live by : the unwritten rules which we follow.live by: live according to; behave according to a particular set of rules or ideasExamples:He lives by a strict moral code.Honest lab

22、or is the principle we live by.9) The customs that govern us are what make a civilization. (para5)paraphraseThe generally accepted practices that we follow are the elements which make upa civilized society.make: vt. (of sth.) be responsible for the success of (sth. else)Examples:Its his acting that

23、really makes the film.The novel made the young writer.10) even in our disintegrating societywe obey them.(para5)a disintegrating society: a society that is falling apartdisintegrate: vi. break into small piecesExamples:The box was so old it just disintegrated when I picked it up.The spacecraft disin

24、tegrated as it entered the Earth atmosphere.11) Is it for safetys sake? (para6)for sth.s /sb.s sake (for the sake of sth. /sb.) : for the purpose of sth./sb.; for the benefit ofsth./sb. Examples:You know you are not studying for your patents sake.For the sake of your safety, please fasten your seatb

25、elt.12) At major athletic events, it is not uncommon to find . (para7)paraphraseAt important sports competitions, it is fairly common to find .Note that the negative sense of uncommon is reversed by the use of another negative wordnot. Such double negative phrases are devices of understatement.13) T

26、here arent enough security guards on hand to keep all the spectators from getting out of theirand walking onto the field. (para7)on hand: available; near and ready to helpExamples:He had no cash on hand to pay for the rent.Oliver was frequently on hand for discussion.14) Its just another unwritten r

27、ule of human conduct that people automatically make good on theirdebts.(para8)automatically make good on their debts: repay what they owe without being askedmake good : repay; make up forExamples:The policeman told the boys parents that the boy must make good the money he had stolen orgo to jail.She

28、 promised that she would make good the loss.15) They would no sooner walk out on a bill than start screaming.(para8)walk out on : leave ones responsibility for; fail to fulfillExamples:You cant walk out on the contract, or you could be taken to court.His wife walked out on him, and was later seen wi

29、th another man.5. Grammar Focus:The must have done patternProcedures:1) Ask Ss to recall the use of must be to give a guess or draw a logical conclusion concerning apresent event, for example:The man who is speaking to all the teachers must be our new school master.Judging from his looks, he must be

30、 over fifty now.The children must be very tired after their long journey.2) Explain to them that the “must have done ”pattern is used to give a guess or draw a logicalconclusion concerning a past event before using the following examples to illustrate:The ground is wet. It must have rained last nigh

31、t.Brown is not in his dorm. He must have gone to the library.They set out early this morning. They must have arrived by now.3) have Ss do Structure Exercise VIII. for practice.6. Guided Practice ( exercises, oral practice and group work)1) SummaryA) Ask several students to retell the text by using t

32、heir own words.B) Talk about the main idea or theme of the text. 2) ExerciseEX. II , p225 -226 (Comprehension of the Text)EX. III, IV,V, p226-227 (Vocabulary Revision)EX.VI, VII, p227-229 ( Word Building: suffix ity , -al , -ful, -less, -ment)EX.VIII, p229-230 (“must have done”pattern)7. After-class

33、 Assignments1) EX.IX, X, P230 ( Translation)2) EX.XI, p231 ( Cloze)3) Writing ( Write a paragraph based on rhetorical questions. p233 )4) preview text BText B A Traffic Light Is a Brainless MachineLanguage Points:1. “little people”of French (para1)paraphrasecommon French people at the bottom of soci

34、ety.2. the most stimulating , if frequently frustrating, conversationaists.(para1)paraphrasepeople who like to talk to others in a way that, though it often upsets anddiscourages other people, arouses their interest and excitementif=even if ( used when admitting that something may be true or may hap

35、pen)3. Of them all, the most wildly creative are the taxi drivers (para1)paraphraseAmong all these people, taxi drivers are trhe most fanciful and imaginative.4.I deliberately provoke arguments with them(para1)paraphraseI try to annoy them on purpose and involve them in arguments.5a species of man s

36、imilar in spirit, if not in exact form, to the French (para1)paraphrasea type of people who are similar to the French in spirit though they may not lookvery much like the French in appearance.6we were rolling along(para2)paraphraseWe were driving along7. The same performance was repeated at the Alma Bridge. (para2)paraphraseThe driver did the same thing again (sailing through the red light in a burst ofspeed) at the Alma Bridge.8. He cut me off as I started to protest. (para4)paraphraseHe intrrupted me when I bagan to argue with