管理类专业学位联考英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编3

1、管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编（总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟）一、ReadingComprehension（总题数：5，分数：50.00）Officejobsareamongthepositionshardesthitbycomputation（计算机自动化）.Wordprocessorsandtypistswillloseabout93,000jobsoverthenextfewyears,while57,000secretarialjobswillvanish.BlamethePC:today,manyexecutivestypetheirownmemosand

2、carrytheirsecretariesinthepalmsoftheirhands.Timeisalsohardforstockclerks,whoseranksareexpectedtodecreaseby68,000.Andemployeesinmanufacturingfirmsandwholesalersarebeingreplacedwithcomputerizedsystems.Butnoteveryonewholosesajobwillendupintheunemploymentline.Manywillshifttogrowingpositionswithintheirow

3、ncompanies.Whennewtechnologiesshookupthetelecombusiness,telephoneoperatorJudyDoughertypursuedretraining.Sheisnowacommunicationstechnician,earningabout$64,000peryear.Ofcourse,ifyouvebeenatollboothcollectorforthepast30years,andyoufindyourselfreplacedbyanE-ZPassmachine,itmaybeoflittleconsolation（安慰）tok

4、nowthatthetelecomfieldisbooming.Andthatsjustit:theserviceeconomyisfading;welcometotheexpertise（专门知识）economy.Tosucceedinthenewjobmarket,youmustbeabletohandlecomplexproblems.Indeed,allbut1ofthe50highest-payingoccupationsair-traffic-controllerdemandatleastabachelorsdegree.Forthosewithjustahighschooldip

5、loma（毕业证书）,itsgoingtogettoughertofindawell-payingjob.Sincefewerfactoryandclericaljobswillbeavailable,whatsleftwillbethejobsthatcomputationcantkill.Computerscantcleanoffices,orcareforAlzheimerspatients（老年痴呆病人）.But,sincemostpeoplehavetheskillstofillthosepositions,thewagesstaypainfullylow,meaningcomput

6、ationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedge（楔子）betweentherichandpoor.Thebestadvicenow:neverstoplearning,andkeepupwithnewtechnology.Forbusyadults,ofcourse,thatcanbetough.Thegoodnewsisthattheverytechnologythatsreducingsomanyjobsisalsomakingiteasiertogobacktoschoolwithouthavingtositinaclassroom.So-calledInternetd

7、istancelearningishot,withmorethanthreemillionstudentscurrentlyenrolled,anditsgainingcredibilitywithemployers.Areyouatriskoflosingyourjobtoacomputer?CheckthefederalBureauofLaborStatisticsOccupationalOutlookHandbook,.（1）.Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthatallofthefollowingpersonsareeasilythrownintoune

8、mploymentEXCEPT.secretariesstockclerksmanagersVwholesalers本题信息点是thefollowingpersonsareeasilythrownintounemployment“容易失业的人群”，要求考生获取哪些人很容易失业的信息。该信息出现在文章第一段，第一段提到其工作很容易被电脑取代的人或职业为：wordprocessors，typists，secretarialjobs，stockclerks，employeesinmanufacturingfirms,wholesalers。由此可见选项C没有被提及，为本题答案。（2）.Inthese

9、condparagraphtheauthormentionsthetollboothcollectorto.meanhewillgetbenefitsfromthetelecomfieldshowheistoooldtoshifttoanewpositionVconsolehimonhavingbeenreplacedbyamachineblamethePCforhisunemployment本题信息点是thetollboothcollector，要求考生获取作者提到收费员的目的何在的信息。根据我们以前讲过的例子分析题的解题思路，我们知道此类题型的做题步骤是：先找到作者的举例，然后仔细阅读上文

10、并理解作者举例所要证明的观点或现象，最后根据理解与四个选项逐一对照做出正确选择。作者在第二段前两句表述了自己对计算机取代人们工作的看法：ButnoteveryonewholosesajobwillendupintheunemploymentlineManywillshifttogrowingpositionswithintheirowncompanies随后便举出一个例子证明计算机使人们丢掉工作，但最终并不是每个人都会失业。JuayDougheny就是经过retraining再次就业。紧接着提到本题考查的举例，由此可见作者试图用本例证明这位多年从事收费员工作的人可能很难再找到工作了。选项B“证

11、明他年纪太大，不能再找到工作”符合文章内容，为本题答案。.Bputationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedgebetweentherichandpoor(LineTOC o 1-5 h z5,Para.4)theauthormeans.peoplearegettingricherandrichertherewillbeasmallgapbetweenrichandpoorthegapbetweenrichandpoorisgettinglargerandlargerVitstimetocloseupthegapbetweentherichandpoor该句出现在文章第四段第

12、四句话：But，sincemostpeoplehavetheskillstofillthosepositions，thewagesstaypainfullylow,meaningcomputationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedgebetweentherichandpoor.考生应该能注意到在要求理解的这句话之前有一个单词meaning(意味着)，由此可以得知本句中前半部分是后半部分的原因。其大意为：由于大多数人有从事那些岗位的技能，所以薪水非常低。由此可见computation使得从事那些岗位的人拿到很低的薪水，结果便是computationcoulddriveanev

13、endeeperwedgebetweentherichandpoor由此可见本句大意为：使贫富差距拉大。所以选项C符合文章内容，为本题答案。.Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardscomputers?Positive.VNegative.Neutral.Prejudiced.态度题。本题信息点是computers，要求考生获取作者对computer的态度。我们解答态度题的基本原则为“听其言，观其行”，所以解答本题的关键便是在文章中找到作者对计算机的评论。作者在文章中对计算机及计算机威胁人们工作岗位的评论性语句有：Neverstoplearning,andkeepupwi

14、thnewtechnology.Thegoodnewsisthattheverytechnologythatsreducingsomanyjobsisalsomakingiteasiertogobacktoschool.由此可见作者对计算机的态度是肯定的，本题答案为A。.Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthebesttitleofpassage?BlamingthePCTheBoomingTelecomFieldInternetDistanceLeaningKeepingUpwithComputationV文章第一段先介绍了计算机使很多人失业的事实，第二段开始便用

15、But转移了话题，将重点转向有些暂时失去工作的人经过再培训还可以重新就业，最后给出建议：Neverstoplearning，andkeepupwithnewtechnology.由此可见本文的主旨是不断学习，跟上技术发展就不会受到新技术的威胁。所以本题答案为D“跟上计算机自动化”。Tensofthousandsof18-year-oldswillgraduatethisyearandbehandedmeaninglessdiplomas.Thesediplomaswontlookanydifferentfromthoseawardedtheirluckierclassmates.Theirva

16、liditywillbequestionedonlywhentheiremployersdiscoverthatthesegraduatesaresemiliterate(半文盲).Eventuallyafortunatefewwillfindtheirwayintoeducational-repairshopsadult-literacyprograms,suchastheonewhereIteachbasicgrammarandwriting.There,high-schoolgraduatesandhigh-schooldropoutspursuinggraduate-equivalen

17、cycertificateswilllearntheskillstheyshouldhavelearnedinschool.Theywillalsodiscovertheyhavebeencheatedbyoureducationalsystem.Iwillneverforgetateacherwhogottheattentionofoneofmychildrenbyrevealingthetrumpcardoffailure.Ouryoungest,aworld-classcharmer,didlittletodevelophisintellectualtalentsbutalwaysgot

18、by.UntilMrs.Stifter.Oursonwashigh-schoolseniorwhenhehadherforEnglish.Hesitsinthebackoftheroomtalkingtohisfriends,shetoldme.Whydontyoumovehimtothefrontrow?Iurged,believingtheembarrassmentwouldgethimtosettledown.Mrs.Stiftersaid,Idontmoveseniors.Iflunk(使不及格)them.Oursonsacademiclifeflashedbeforemyeyes.N

19、oteacherhadeverthreatenedhim.BythetimeIgothomeIwasfeelingprettygoodaboutthis.Itwasaradicalapproachforthesetimes,butwell,whynot?Shesgoingtoflunkyou,Itoldmyson.Ididnotdiscussitanyfurther.SuddenlyEnglishbecameapriority(头等重要)inhislife.HefinishedoutthesemesterwithanA.Iknowoneexampledoesntmakeacase,butatn

20、ightIseeaparadeofstudentswhoareangryforhavingbeenpassedalonguntiltheycouldnolongerevenpretendtokeepup.Ofaverageintelligenceorbetter,theyeventuallyquitschool,concludingtheyweretoodumbtofinish.Ishouldhavebeenheldback,isacommentIhearfrequently.Evensadderarethosestudentswhoarehigh-schoolgraduateswhosayt

21、omeafterafewweeksofclass.IdontknowhowIevergotahigh-schooldiploma.Passingstudentswhohavenotmasteredtheworkcheatsthemandtheemployerswhoexpectgraduatestohavebasicskills.Weexcusethisdishonestbehaviorbysayingkidscantlearniftheycomefromterribleenvironments.Nooneseemstostoptothinkthatmostkidsdontputschoolf

22、irstontheirlistunlesstheyperceivesomethingisatrisk.Theydratherbesailing.ManystudentsIseeatnighthavedecidedtomakeeducationapriority.Theyaremotivatedbythedesireforabetterjobortheneedtohangontotheonetheyvegot.Theyhaveahealthyfearoffailure.Peopleofallagescanriseabovetheirproblems,buttheyneedtohaveareaso

23、ntodoso.Yongpeoplegenerallydonthavethematuritytovalueeducationinthesamewaymyadultstudentsvalueit.Butfearoffailurecanmotivateboth.Whatisthesubjectofthisessay?Viewpointonlearning.VAqualifiedteacher.Theimportanceofexamination.Thegenerationgap.本文作者采用了首句点题的方式告知读者主题。文章第一旬便提出了一个概念：meaninglessdiplomas，由此可以初

24、步确定本文是关于学校教育方面的话题。继续阅读文章可以确定本文的主要话题是关于如何学到真正扎实的知识，以胜任毕业后工作的。由此确定选项A为本题答案。结合第一句的内容，考生就会发现其他三个选项与文章的相关性明显偏小，表现文章主旨的可能性不大。.HowdidMrs.Stiftergettheattentionofoneoftheauthorschildren?Flunkinghim.VMovinghisseat.Blaminghim.Playingcardwithhim.本题信息点是MrsSiftergettheattentionofoneoftheauthorschildren，要求考生获取Mrs

25、Sifter是通过什么方式引起了作者孩子注意的信息。该信息出现在文章第四段的一句话：MrsStiftersaid，“Idontmoveseniors.1flunkthem.”这句话的上文是作者请求Mrs.Stifter将自己的孩子座位前移，从而避免他跟周围同学讲话。在此背景下出现了MrsStiftersaid，“IdontmoveseniorsIflunkthem.”由此可见，Mrs.Stifter吸引学生注意力的方法不是move而是flunk。由此可以确定选项A符合文章内容，为本题答案。TOC o 1-5 h z.Theauthorbelievesthatthemosteffectivewa

26、yforateacheristo.purifytheteachingenvironmentssetupcooperationbetweenteachersandparentsholdbackstudentmotivatestudentV本题信息点是themosteffectivewayforateacher，要求考生获取作者心目中老师最有效的教学方法是什么的信息。根据语篇发展的规律，文章开始提出问题，再分析问题出现的原因，最后应该是作者提出的解决办法。所以对解决学生学校毕业后不能胜任工作的问题，作者在最后一段提出了解决办法：fearoffailurecanmotivateboth。由此可见，作

27、者认为老师应该用让学生不及格的方式来激发学生对知识的重视及解决问题的积极性。所以本题答案为D。.Fromthepassagewecandrawtheconclusionthattheauthorsattitudetowardflunkingis.negativepositiveVbiasedindifferent我们解答态度题的基本原则是“听其言，观其行”。文中作者对flunking的看法在第四段有以下表述：Noteacherhadeverthreatenedhim.Iwasfeelingprettygoodaboutthis.It，but,well,whynot?“Shesgoingtofl

28、unkyou,”Itoldmyson.Englishbecameapriorityinhislife.HefinishedoutthesemesterwithanA.另夕卜最后一段最后一句fearoffailurecanmotivate，也表述了作者的态度。由此确定选项B为本题答案。.Judgingfromthecontent,thispassageisprobablywrittenfor.administratorsstudentsteachersVparents主旨题(注意：本题问本文读者对象是什么人，是主旨的一个侧面。此类问题其实就是主旨题的一种变化，所以我们归类为主旨题)。本文主要讨论

29、如何使学生在校学好知识，毕业后胜任工作的话题，并且作者认为要做到这点，老师应该讲究应对学生的教育方法。所以应该是写给老师的，故选项C为本题答案。Nameshavegainedincreasingimportanceinthecompetitiveworldofhighereducation.Ascollegesstriveformarketshare,theyarelookingfornamesthatprojecttheimagetheywantorreflectthechangestheyhopetomake.TrentonStateCollege,forexample,becamethe

30、CollegeofNewJerseynineyearsagowhenitbeganraisingadmissionsstandardsandappealingtostudentsfromthroughoutthestate.AllIhearinhighereducationis,Brand,brand,brand,saidTimWesterbeck,whospecializesinbrandingandismanagingdirectorofLipmanHearne,amarketingfirmbasedinChicagothatworkswithuniversitiesandothernon

31、profitorganizations.Therehasbeenaseachangeoverthelast10years.Marketingusedtobealmostadirtywordinhighereducation.Notalleffortsatnamechangesaresuccessful,ofcourse.In1997,theNewSchoolforSocialResearchbecameNewSchoolUniversitytoreflectitsgrowthintoacollectionofeightcolleges,offeringalistofmajorsthatincl

32、udespsychology,music,urbanstudiesandmanagement.ButNewYorkerscontinuedtocallittheNewSchool.Now,afterspendinganundisclosedsumonanonlinesurveyandamarketingconsultantscreationofnamingstructures,brandarchitectureandidentitysystems,theuniversityhascomeupwithanewname:theNewSchool.BeginningMonday,itwilladop

33、tnewlogos(标识),banners,businesscardsandevennewnamesfortheindividualcolleges,alltoincludethewordstheNewSchool.Changesinnamesgenerallyrevealsignificantshiftsinhowacollegewantstobeperceived.InalteringitsnamefromCalState,Hayward,toCalState,EastBay,theuniversityhopedtoprojectitsexpandingroleintwomostlysub

34、urbancountrieseastofSanFrancisco.TheUniversityofSouthernColorado,astateinstitution,becameColoradoStateUniversityatPueblotwoyearsago,hopingtohighlightmanyinternalchanges,includingofferingmoregraduateprogramsandsettinghigheradmissionsstandards.BeaverCollegeturneditselfintoArcadiaUniversityin2001forsev

35、eralreasons:tobreaktheconnectionwithitspastasawomenscollege,topromoteitsgrowthintoafull-fledged(完全成熟的)universityand,officialsacknowledged,toeliminatesomejokesaboutthecollegesoldnameonlate-nighttelevisionandmorningzooradioshows.Manycollegeofficialssaidchanginganameandimagecouldproducesubstantialresul

36、ts.AtArcadia,inadditiontotheriseinapplications,theaveragestudentstestscorehasincreasedby60points,JuliRoebeck,anArcadiaspokeswoman,said.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforcollegestochangetheirnames?Theypreferhighereducationcompetition.VTheytrytogainadvantageinmarketshare.Theywanttoprojecttheirimage.

37、要求考生获取大学改名的原因的信息Theyhopetomakesomechanges.本题信息点是thereasonforcollegestochangetheirnames文章第一段对大学改名的各种原因做了表述，提到的原因有：(1)striveformarketshare；(2)projecttheimagetheywant；(3)reflectthechangestheyhopetomake。得到以上原因的信息后，考友们再把四个选项的信息与文中提到的以上三个信息进行对比就会发现选项A.“他们喜欢在高等教育方面竞争”没有出现在第一段表述的原因之中，所以为本题答案。.Itisimpliedtha

38、toneofthemostsignificantchangesinhighereducationinthepastdecadeis.thebrandthecollegenamestheconceptofmarketingVlistofmajors本题信息点是themostsignificantchangesinhighereducationinthepastdecade要求考生获取过去十年内高等教育领域发生的最重要的变化的信息。该信息出现在文章第二段的一句话：Therehasbeenaseachangeoverthelast10years.依据语篇衔接与连贯知识我们推断下旬可能就是变化，再看下

39、一句：Marketingusedtobealmostadirtywordinhighereducation.本句大意为：在过去的高等教育领域里，营销几乎是一个肮脏的字眼。由此可以得出这样的结论：过去高校鄙视营销，现在却倡导营销。所以选项C.“营销的理念”符合文章内容，为本题答案。.Thephrasecomeupwith(Line3,Para.4)probablymeans.catchupwithdealwithputforwardVcometotherealization该短语出现在第三段第一句话：Now,afterspendinganundisclosedsumonanonlinesurve

40、yandamarketingconsultantscreationof“namingstructures”，“brandarchitecture”and“identitysystems，”theuniversityhascomeupwithanewname：theNewSchool.本题可以采用逻辑语意猜测法解题。after引导的时间状语从句大意为：在花费了数额不菲的资金进行网络调查，聘请营销顾问建立“命名组织”、“品牌机构”以及“识别体系”之后。主句的主语是theuniversity，宾语是anewname，由此可以推断出comeupwith为“提出”之意，所以选项C为本题答案。.Theca

41、seofnamechangingfromCalStateHaywardtoCalStateindicatesthattheuniversity.isperceivedbythesocietyhopestoexpanditsinfluenceVpreferstoreformitsreachingprogramsexpectstoenlargeitscampus本题信息点是thecaseofnamechangingfromCalState，Hayward，toCalState。我们以前做过多道事例分析题，已经熟悉了此类问题的解题思路是在例子之前的一句话找答案。该举例之前的一句话是：Changesi

42、nnamesgenerallyrevealsignificantshiftsinhowacollegewantstobeperceived大意为：改名一般都显示一所大学想让社会对其看法有一个巨大的改变。同时结合这所大学改名举例中的一句话：theuniversityhopedtoprojectitsexpandingroleintwomostlysuburbancounties我们可以确定该校改名是为了改变社会对其看法，从而扩大影响，所以本题答案为B。.Accordingtothespokeswoman,thenamechangeofBeaverCollege.failstoattainitsg

43、oalhaseliminatedsomejokeshastransformeditsstatus本题信息点是thenamechangeofBeaverCollege，要求考生获取文中提到的thespokeswoman在关于BeaverCollege改名一事讲话中涉及改名结果的信息。该信息出现在文章最后一段第二句话：AtArcadia，inadditiontotheriseinapplications，theaveragestudentstestscorehasincreasedby60points，JuliRoebeck，anArcadiaspokeswoman，said本句引用了thespo

44、keswoman对改名一事的评论：申请人数增加，学生平均测试分数上升。由此可见，这位spokeswoman认为这所大学改名取得了很好的效果。选项A符合文章内容，为本题答案。Itlookedjustlikeanotheraircraftfromtheoutside.Thepilottoldhisyoungpassengersthatitwasbuiltin1964.Butappearancesweredeceptive,andthe13studentsfromEuropeandtheUSAwhoboardedtheaircraftwereinfortheflightoftheirlives.In

45、side,theareathatnormallyhadseatshadbecomealongwhitetunnel.Heavilypadded(填塞)fromfloortoceiling,itlookedabitstrange.Therewerealmostnowindows,butlightsalongthepaddedwallsilluminatedit.Mostoftheseatshadbeentakenout,apartfromafewattheback,wheretheyoungscientistsquicklytooktheirplaceswithalookoffear.For12

46、months,sciencestudentsfromacrossthecontinentshadcompetedtowinaplaceontheflightattheinvitationoftheEuropeanSpaceAgency.Thechallengehadbeentosuggestimaginativeexperimentstobeconductedinweightlessconditions.Forthenexttwohours,theflightresembledthatofanenormousbirdwhichhadloseitsreason,shootingupwardsto

47、wardstheheavensbeforerushingtowardsEarth.Theinventionwastoachieveweightlessnessforafewseconds.Theaircrafttookoffsmoothlyenough.ButanyfeelingsthatIandtheyoungscientistshadthatwewereonanythinglikeascheduledpassengerservicewerequicklydismissedwhenthepilotputtheplaneintoa45-degreeclimbwhichlastedaround2

48、0seconds.Thentheenginescutoutandwebecameweightless.Everythingbecameconfusedandleftorright,upordownnolongerhadanymeaning.Aftertensecondsoffree-falldescent(下降)thepilotpulledtheaircraftoutofitsnosedive.Thereturnofgravitywaslessimmediatethanitsloss,butwasstillsuddenenoughtoensurethatsomestudentscamedown

49、withabump.Eachtimethepilotcuttheenginesandwebecameweightless,anewteamconducteditsexperiment.FirstitwastheDutchwhowantedtodiscoverhowitisthatcatsalwayslandontheirfeet.ThentheGermanteamwhoconductedasuccessfulexperimentonatraditionalbuildingmethodtoseeifcouldbeusedforbuildingafurtherspacestation.TheAme

50、ricanshadanideatocreatesolarsailsthatcouldbeusedbysatellites.Aftertwohoursofgoingupanddowninthelanedoingtheirexperiments,thepredominatefeelingwasoneofexcitementratherthansickness.Mostofthestudentsthoughtitwasanunforgettableexperienceandonetheywouldbekeentorepeat.Whatdidthewritersayabouttheplane?Itha

51、dnoseats.Itwaspaintedwhite.Ithadnowindows.Theoutsidewasmisleading.V本题信息点是theplane。该信息出现在文章第一段和第一：段，相关信息有：(1)likeanotheraircraft；builtin1964；appearancesweredeceptive；(3)theareathatnormallyhadseatshadbecomealongwhitetunnel；(4)Heavilypadded(填塞)fromfloortoceiling；(5)almostnowindows；(6)Mostoftheseatshadb

52、eentakenout。由此可见选项D夕卜观是有误导性”符合(3)appearancesweredeceptive的内容，为本题答案。.Accordingtothewriter,howdidtheyoungscientistsfeelbeforetheflight?Sick.Keen.Nervous.VImpatient.本题信息点是theyoungscientistsfeelbeforetheflight。该信息出现在文章第五段第一句话：Theaircrafttookoffsmoothlyenough，butanyfeelingsthatIandtheyoungscientistshadth

53、atwewereonanythinglikeascheduledpassengerservicewerequicklydismissedwhenthepilotputtheplaneintoa45一degreeclimbwhichlastedaround20seconds.句中anyfeelings-dismissed表明了他们在起飞后，也就是真正的飞行实验开始前出现的感觉。既然说原来的像正常旅客的那种感觉消失了，也就暗示出现了紧张的心情。由此确定选项C为本题答案。.Whatdidthepilotdowiththeplaneafterittookoff?Hequicklyclimbedandt

54、henstoppedtheengines.Heclimbedandthenmadetheplanefallslowly.Hetookoffnormallyandthencuttheenginesfor20seconds.在飞机起飞后行为的信息。该信息出现在文一degreeclimbwhichlastedaround20其大意为：飞行员使飞机以45度的角climbedandthenstoppedtheengines符Heclimbedandthenmadetheplaneturnover.本题信息点是Whatdidthepilotdo。要求考生获取polite章第五段第二句和第三句：thepil

55、otputtheplaneintoa45secondsThentheenginescutoutandwebecameweightless度爬升了20秒，然后停了发动机。由此可见选项AHequickly合文章内容，为本题答案。.Accordingtothepassage,thepurposeofbeingweightlesswastoseewhatconditionsarelikeinspacepreparetheyoungscientistsforfutureworkinspaceshowthejudgesofthecompetitionwhattheycoulddomaketheteamst

56、ryouttheirideasV本题信息点是thepurposeofbeingweightless。该信息出现在文章第六段：Eachtimethepilotcuttheenginesandwebecameweightless,anewteamconducteditsexperiment.FirstitwastheDutch.ThentheGermanteam.TheAmericans。由此可见，进入失重状态的目的是为了让各研究小组做试验。所以D项“使得各小组试验他们的想法”符合文章内容，为本题答案。.Thispassagewaswrittento.encourageyoungpeopletot

57、akeupsciencedescribetheprocessofascientificcompetitionVshowscientistswhatyoungpeoplecandoreportonanewscientifictechnique本文第一段和第二段介绍了一架飞机，以后各段都在介绍利用这架飞机进行试验的过程，所以本文主要内容是介绍这个实验。所以本题答案为D。Workingatnonstandardtimesevenings,nights,orweekendsistakingitstollonAmericanfamilies.One-fifthofallemployedAmericans

58、workvariableorrotatingshifts,andone-thirdworkweekends,accordingtoHarrietB.Presser,sociologyprofessorattheUniversityofMaryland.Theresultisstressonfamilialrelationships,whichislikelytocontinueincomingdecades.Theconsequencesofworkingirregularhoursvaryaccordingtogender,economiclevel,andwhetherornotchild

59、renareinvolved.Singlemothersaremorelikelytoworknightsandweekendsthanmarriedmothers.Womeninclerical,salesorotherlow-payingjobsparticipatedisproportionatelyinworkinglateandgraveyardshifts.Married-couplehouseholdswithchildrenareincreasinglybecomingdual-earnerhouseholds,generatingmoresplit-shiftcouples.

60、School-agedchildren,however,maybenefitfromparentsnonstandardworkschedulesbecauseofthegreaterlikelihoodthataparentwillbehomebeforeorafterschool.Ontheotherhand,acorrelationexistsbetweennonstandardworkschedulesandbothmaritalinstabilityandadeclineinthequalityofmarriages.Nonstandardworkinghoursmeanfamili