状语从句(9种全)

1、状语从句在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等种类。一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连接词有:when,as,while,after,before,since,eversince,assoonas,once,till,until,whenever,nosoonerthan,hardly/scarcely.when,themoment/minute/instant/second,everytime,eachtime,anytime,thefirsttime,nexttime,lasttime,allthetime,bythetime,

2、directly,immediately,instantly等。1.表示“一就”的句型1)assoonas/onceAssoonashearrives,Illcallyou.他一到，我就给你打。（assoonas侧重时间或动作先后衔接紧，而once侧重条件，表示“一旦.）”2)ondoingsth/onones+n作.时间状语Onarrivingatthestation,thethiefwasarrested.一到达车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。OnhisarrivalinParis,hewasrecognizedasanobleandthrownintoprison他.一到达巴黎，就被认出是一个

3、贵族，并被投入监狱。3)nosooner.than,hardly/scarcely.when它们表“一,就”。结构中的否定词放在句首时，主句要倒装。（主句都用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。）Nosoonerhadhereachedhomethanitbegantorain.他刚到家，天就开始下雨了。Hardly/ScarcelyhadIenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.我一进屋，就响了。注意当nosooner,hardly,scarcely不放在句首时，主句不倒装，如：Ihadnosoonerreachedthebusstopthanthebusstarted.我刚

4、到车站，车就开走了。hadscarcely（hardly）enteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.4）themoment,theinstant,theminute,thesecondThemomentIsawhim,Irecognizedhim.我一看见他，就认出了他。Wellleavetheminuteyouareready.你一准备好，我们就出发。5)有些副词如：instantly,immediately,directly可用作连词，后接从句。Ileftimmediatelytheclockstruck5.我刚走，钟就敲了五点。when,while,as引导时间状语从

5、句1)when的用法when既可指时间点，也可指时间段（即：从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的）；主从句动作可同时也可先后发生。1IwasthinwhenIwasachild.当我是个孩子的时候,我很瘦。ItwasrainingwhenIarrived.我到达时，天正在下雨。在when引导时间状语从句时，如果从句主语与主句主语相同或为it，且从句有be动词，则从句可省主语和be动词，如：When(youare)introuble,youcanvisitthisman.当你有麻烦时，可以找这个人。Sheisalwayslisteningtomusicwhen（sheis)doingherhomew

6、ork.当她做作业时，总是听音乐。when在下列结构中,译成“这时”,它引导的是并列句beabouttodo.when,bedoing.when,haddonewhen,beononesway.when,beonthepointofdoing.when（参见“连词”部分when的用法）2）while用法while只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。强调某一段时间内发生主句动作，相当于duringthetimethat.MymotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。IamsafewhileIamhere我.在这儿的时候

7、，我很安全。注意while除引导时间状语从句外，还引导对比句，作“然而”讲；并可在句首引出让步状语从句作“虽然但”讲。IlikewatchingTV,whilehelikesreading.我喜欢看电视，而他喜欢读书。Whilehehashisowncar,heoftenusesmine.尽管他自己有车，他却常用我的。as的用法as引导时间状语从句时常可和when换用，但较强调同时发生，多指短暂动作。AsIleftthehouse,Iforgotthekey我.离家时，忘了带钥匙。as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，“随着.”的意思，表时间的推移。如：AsIgetolder,Igetmore

8、optimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。as表“一边,一边,”，引出伴随动作。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.他匆忙地回家，边走边往后看。用以强调两个动作紧接着发生。Ashewasgoingout,itbegantorain.当他出去的时候，天开始下雨了。as有时引出一个名词，相当于一个时间状语从句。Asaboy(whenhewasaboy),hewashopelessatmaths.当他是孩子时，他对数学失去希望。before引导的时间状语从句2before引导的时间状语从句不用否定式谓语。Beforetheygottothebussto

9、p,thebushadgone.在他们到达公共汽车站之前，公共汽车已经走了。在“Itbe+时间段+before从句”句型中，肯定句译成“,（之后）才”，否定句译成“,就”。该句型有一般过去时、过去将来时、一般将来时三个时态，且有否定句。Itwillbesometimebefore.do.Itwassometimebefore.did.Itwouldbesometimebefore.did.Itwaslongbefore.did.很久才”“Itwasntlongbefore.did.不久就.“”Itwillbemanyyearsbeforethechemicalsstarttoescapefro

10、mthecontainers.多年以后化学物质才开始从容器中逃逸。Itwasnotlongbeforehecameback不.久他就回来了。Itwasalongtimebeforehegottosleepagain.很久他才再次入睡。Itwasaweekbeforehecouldtellhisstory.一个星期后他才能讲述他的经历。Itwasntlongbeforehetoldusabouthimself.不久他就给我们讲述了他自己的故事。before可译成“未来得及”HehadmeasuredmebeforeIcouldgetaword.我还未来得及插话，他就量好了尺寸。before可译成

11、“趁着还没”IllwriteitdownbeforeIforget.趁着还没忘我要把它写下来。4.until和till1)“延续性动词肯定式+until”表示“动作延续到,为止，”译为“直到,为止”，如：Iwaitedforhimuntilhecameback.我一直等到他回来。2)“终止性动词的否定式+until”表示“直到才”。Hedidntgotobeduntilhehadfinishedhiswork.直到完成工作他才睡觉。3)用于强调句式“Itisnotuntil.that.”Itwasnotuntiltheprofessorcamethatwebegantheexperiment.

12、在教授到来之后，我们才开始实验。notuntil放在句首时，主句倒装。Notuntilhegraduateddidhesucceedinobtainingthiscompound.直到他毕业他才成功获得这种化合物。注意句首和强调句中要用until，而不用till；not.until.句型中不用till。since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从,时起”，主句要用完成时。Mr.Lihasbeenheresincehecameback.自从李先生回来以后，他一直在这儿。Ihaventheardfromhimsincehelivedhere.3自从他住在这儿以来，我就没有收到过他的来信。Iveknown

13、Mr.SmithsinceIwasaboy.我小的时候就认识史密斯先生了。6.时间状语从句的省略式当时间状语从句的主语和主句主语相同或为it，从句又含be动词时，从句可省略主语和be动词。在不产生歧义时，连词也可省去。如：Once(itis)seen,itcanneverbeforgotten.一旦被看见过，永远也不会被忘记。二、地点状语从句1.地点状语从句主要由where,whereveranywhere,everywhere引导。Wemustcampwherewecangetwater.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。Iwillfollowyouwhereveryougo.无论你到何处我都要

14、跟随你。2.地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词。Gobackwhereyoucamefrom（.where引导地点状语从句）Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.where引导定语从句，village为先行词）三、原因状语从句原因状语从句由because,as,since,now(that)（既然）,inthat（因为，多于口语中）,seeing(that)（鉴于，由于）,consideringthat（考虑到）等引导。because用来回答why提出的问题，表直接的因果关系，用于告知对方不知道的原因，语气

15、最强，可用于强调句。Hedidntattendthemeetingbecausehewasill.他没参加会议，因为他病了。Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidntgowithus.因为他有病，他没有和我们一起去。注意because和becauseof的区别：because是连词，引导从句，becauseof是短语介词，后接名词性词语，如：Thefootballmatchwasputoffbecauseitrained.Thefootballmatchwasputoffbecauseoftherain.因为下雨，足球赛延期了。since,as,nowthat引导的原因状语

16、从句，不能用于强调句。since的语气比because稍弱，表示关系上的自然结果，特别用于原因已经清楚了的事情，一般译成“既然，鉴于”（往往放在主句之前）如：Sinceyouhaveknownthesecret,Ineedntsayanythingaboutit.既然你已经知道了这个秘密，我就不必说了。as语气最弱，说明一般的因果关系，表显而易见的原因或倒果为因的说法（可放在主4句之前，亦可放在主句之后），如：AshedidntknowmuchEnglish,hegotouthisdictionaryandlookeduptheword他对英语懂得不多，他拿出字典查找“cough这”个词。As

17、thegroundiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight（.倒果为因）昨晚一定下了雨，地面是湿的。nowthat用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论。nowthat放句首时that可省略：Now(that)everybodyishere,letsbegin.for也可以表示原因，属并列连词，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，表示补充说明理由。而推断的理由会因人而异。语气很弱，它引出的分句必须放在另一分句后。Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.4.原因状语从句有时可以用分词形式表现。Ashewasblind,hecouldntseeanyth

18、ing.Beingblind,hecouldntseeanything.四、条件状语从句1由if,unless（if.not）,so/aslongas,supposing(that)（假设）,incase（万一,以防）,so/asfaras（就.而言）,onconditionthat（条件是.）,provided/providing(that)（假若）引导。Tellmeaboutitifyouhavetime.IwontgounlessIminvited.Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.Youmayusetheroomas/solongasyouclean

19、itupafterwards.“祈使句+and/or/orelse/otherwise+陈述句”的句型中，祈使句在意义上实际上相当于条件状语从句。Useyourhead,andyoullfindaway.Hurryuporelse(otherwise)youllbelate.ifonly也可以引导条件状语从句,只不过较少使用而已。onlyif也引导条件状语从句，意思是“只有在.条件下”If(only)itclearsup,Iwillgo.4.条件状语从句中一般要用一般现在时态表将来。Iwillgoifyougo.5.条件状语从句中的省略问题1)从句主语为it,又有系动词be时，可以省略从句中主

20、语和be动词。Cometomorrowif(itis)possible.Ifso,youmustgetbackandgetit.还有诸如ifnecessary如果“有必要”，ifany如“果有”，ifinneed若需“要”。2）如果if从句的主语和主句的主语一致，谓语动词又有be,可以把从句中的主语和be省略掉。If(wateris)heated,watersendsoutsteam.6.条件句中的虚拟与倒装if引导的条件状语从句若与过去或现在事实不符，或对未来进行不可能的假设，就要5用虚拟语气。（详见虚拟语气部分）省略if的虚拟条件从句：若条件从句的谓语动词有were,had或should,

21、可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主语前构成倒装。HadIarrivedthereearlier,Iwouldhaveseenhim.Wereitnotforhim,Iwouldnothavethechancetogohome.Shouldhebeheretomorrow,Iwouldgivehimahand.五、目的状语从句sothat（以便），inorderthat（为了），forfearthat（=incase）（以免），lest（以防）引导，谓语常含may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词。Theysetoutearlysothatth

22、eymightarriveatthestationingoodtime.Illspeakslowlysothat/inorderthatyoucanunderstand.Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat（lest）hewouldforget.当从句与主句主语一致时，可用todo,soastodo,inordertodo结构换用。Heworkeddayandnightinorderthathecouldsucceed.Heworkeddayandnightinordertosucceed.六、结果状语从句1.常用的连词有sothat，so.that,such.that,

23、that（带古英语痕迹）。（结果状语从句中一般无情态动词）Hehadoversleptsothathewaslateforwork.MypenfellundermydeskthatIcouldntseeit.so/such.that所用句式so+adj（adv)+that从句TheboxissoheavythatIcantcarryit.so+adj+a/an+单名+that从句sucha/an+adj.+单名+that从句Sheissobeautifulagirlthatalltheboysofourclasslikeher.=Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthatallth

24、eboysofourclasslikeher.somany/few+复名+that从句somuch/little+不可数名词+that从句Therearesomanyapplesonthedeskthatweeachhaveone.Thereissolittlewaterthatyoucantdrink.such+a/an+adj+单名+that从句Sheissuchagoodgirlthatshecanhelpyou.such+adj+复名/不可数名+that从句Itwassuchbadweatherthatweallstayedhome.Hehassuchinterestingbookst

25、hathekeepsreadingallday.注意little表“小，可爱”时，用such不用so修饰。Heissuchalittleboythathispatentsoftenteachhimsomething.七、方式状语从句6as,asif(asthough)引导。Doasyoulike.Hespokeasifhehadbeentherebefore.注意asif,asthough从句与事实相反时用虚拟语气，与事实相符，不用虚拟语气。八、比较状语从句常用连词than,as.as.,notas/so.asHeranasfarashecould.Imnotas/sotallashe/him

26、.Shestudiesharderthan（Istudy）themore.themore.引导,且经常以省略形式出现Theharderyoutry,thebetteryouwillunderstand.九、让步状语从句though,although,as,evenif/though,nomatterwh-,wh-ever词，whether.or（不管.都），when,while等引导。though,although这两个连词用法基本一样，只是前者口语化，后者较正式，常位于句首，都不与but连用，但可以和yet，still，nevertheless连用。though还可作副词单独放在句尾，表示“

27、然而”的意思。AlthoughtheTVsetisverydear,Istillwanttobuyit.Though/Althoughhewaswornout,hekeptonworking.as引导让步状语时，从句部分用倒装语序，句型为:形容词/副词/名词+as+主+谓动词+as+主+情态动词Childasheis,heknowsalot.Proudasthesenoblesare,theyareafraidtoseeme.Greatascientistasheis,heremainsmodest.TryasImight,Icouldntliftthestone.注意在这种倒装结构中，也可以

28、用though（不太常用），但不可用although.Bravelythoughtheplayersfought,theyhadnochanceofwinning.3.evenif（尽管；即使）,eventhough（尽管）这两个复合连词意义基本相同，常用以强调让步概念，有退一步想的意思（有时用于虚拟）。表“即使”时有假设含义，一般用evenif。Wellmaketripevenif(though)theweatherisbad.EvenifIwereinyourplace,Iwouldnttakethejob.（虚拟）4.“whether.or.”可引导让步状语从句Whetheryoubel

29、ieveitornot,itistrue.5.“nomatter+wh-”引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句时“疑问句-ever”相当于“nomatter+疑问词”，此时：nomatterwho=whoever7nomatterwhat=whatevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterhow=howeverNomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.Itsaniceroomnomatterwhom(whoever)itbelongsto.6.“nomatter+wh-”结构只能引导让步状语从句，

30、而“wh-ever”形式除引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导名词性从句。引导名词性从句时：whoever=anyonewho任何的人whatever=anythingthat任何的事（物）whenever=anyplacewhere任何的地方Iwillgivethebooktowhoeverneedsit.Ilikewhateveryoulike.7.when引导让步状语从句时置于主句后虽然却，尽管但Hewalkswhenhemighttakeataxi.本（应.，可以.）却.。when从句用虚拟式为：could/should.havedoneShestoppedtryingwhenshemigh

31、tsucceednexttime.8.while引导让步状语从句时置于主句前，与though同，但though从句可到装，while从句不可倒装。9.让步状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。Nomatterwhatheis,hewillbepunished.十、状语从句的省略现象当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同或为it,同时从句谓语含be动词，就可省去从句的主语和be动词。时间状语从句中：Dontspeakuntil(youare)spokento.While(Iwas)inBeijing,Ilivedwithmyuncle.Iwanttogoswimmingwhen(itis)possible.条

32、件状语从句中：Cometomorrowif(itis)possible.If(itis)so,youwouldbepunished.Unless(itis)repaired,theTVsetisofnouse.方式状语从句中：Shestoodatthegateasif(shewas)waitingforsomeone.其他状语从句中：Though(itwas)cold,hestillworeashirt.Fillintheblankswithproperwordswhere(itis)necessary.8练习一、用适当的连词填空：Dr.Bethune(白求恩)cametoChina_hewa

33、sfifty.Hebegantowork_hegotthere.Letsbeginourmeeting_everyoneishere.IliketheEnglishpeople,_Idontliketheirfood._yougoinChina,youcanseesmilingfaces.Hedidntcometothelecture,_hewasverybusy._wehadenoughtime,wewalkedtothecinema.Theywillhelpyou_youmeetwithdifficulty._wecametotheuniversity,wehavelearntquitea

34、lot.10.Ididntjointhemyesterdayevening_Ihadtogotoanimportantmeeting.Wewouldtrytogetacar_wecouldalltraveltogethermoreeasily.Shewouldntforgethermothersbirthday_sheseldomwrotetoherfamily.Weredoingeverythingwecantomakethingsaseasyforyou_wecan.Themeetingbecamesodisorderly_thespeakerhadtoshouttheaudiencedo

35、wn.Hewasangrier_everbefore._youlockallthedoors,hecanstillmanagetogetin.Theboywassotired_hefellasleeponthebus.18.Hard_heried,thecouldntforcethedooropen.二、选择填空1._youvetriedit,youcantimaginehowpleasantitis.A.UnlessB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When2.Heleftin_ahurry_heforgothiskey.A.such,thatB.so,thatC.thesame,a

36、sD.such,as3.Hehaslovedme_Iwerehisson.A.becauseB.asC.ifD.asthough4.IdontthinkIllneedanymoneybutIllbringsome_.A.aslastB.incaseC.onceagainD.intime5.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup_Icouldanswer.A.asB.sinceC.beforeD.until6.Wemustdoitwell,_therearealotofdifficulties.A.asifB.asthoughC.

37、eventhoughD.evenas_hastakenpartintheAthensOlympicGamesisworthpraisingnomatter_hehaswonmedalsornot.A.Who;ifB.Anyone;whetherC.Whoever;whetherD.Whoever;how8.-Itsalongtime_Isawyoulast.-Yes,andwhatapityitisnowthatitwillbealongtime_weseeeachotheragain.A.before;sinceB.since;whenC.since;beforeD.when;before9

38、Theheadofthecompanypromisedtodealwithmattersofthissort_hereturnedtohisoffice.A.untilB.whileC.bythetimeD.themoment10.Hehadalreadywalkedthreeorfourmiles_hesawacartbythesideoftheroad.A.whileB.whenC.themomentD.unlessMuch_theyoungcoupleneededmoneytomakethedownpaymentfortheapartment,theywouldntasktheirpar

39、entsforhelp.A.althoughB.asC.evenifD.whileIhavekeptthephoto_Icanalwaysseeit,asitremindsmeofthedayswhenIstudiedinBritain.A.atwhichB.whenC.whereD.attheplace13.Iwouldappreciateit_youcanhelpmewithmyEnglishthisafternoon.A.becauseB.untilC.whenD.if14._youmayberight,Icantaltogetheragree.A.AsB.WhileC.IfD.Since15._was1998_Igra