完整版专四英语语法考点

1、 /9 /9语法考点之一：虚拟语气考点1.If从句中虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sbhaddone,主句sbwould(should,could,might)+havedone；I_thepartymuchmoreiftherehadntbeenquitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.1996wouldenjoyB.willhaveenjoyedC.wouldhaveenjoyedD.willbeenjoyingAllofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere_quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.2000A

2、.werentB.hasntbeenC.hadntbeenD.wouldnt省略if,从句语序用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语前面，但否定词not不前移。HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,shemuchbetterresultsnow.2008wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldgetyouwerebusy,Iwouldnthavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.1994IfIrealizedB.HadIrealizedC.IrealizedthatD.AsIre

3、alized_,hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly.1995HadnthebeentakengoodcareofB.HadhenotbeentakengoodcareofC.HadnothebeentakengoodcareofD.Hadhebeennottakengoodcareof_forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.2002A.HaditnotbeenB.HadntitbeenC.WasitnotD.Wereitnot2、与现在事实相反：从句sbdid(were),主句sbwould(

4、should,could,might)+do；Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,Englishmucheasiertolearn.2009A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.willbeD.wouldhavebeenIfyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,heabletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.2005A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.Were3、与将来事实相反：从句sbdid(should+do或were+todo),主句sbwould(should,

5、could,might)+do。youfurtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.2005A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.Should,haveD.Incase,had4、错综条件句：主句与从句动作发生在不同时间段。比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sbhaddone,主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do；Ifonlythepatientadifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow

6、.2007A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceiving考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,ask,require,request,demand引导从句及it引导相应分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用(should)+动词原形。Heleftordersthatnothingtoucheduntilthepolicearrivedhere.1997A.shouldbeB.oughttobeC.mustbeD.wouldbeSheaskedthatshea

7、llowedtoseehersoninpolicecustody.1993A.wouldbeB.couldbeC.beD.was考点3：Itis+advisable,essential,important,imperative,incredible等从句，谓语用(should)+动词原形。Itisnecessarythathetheassignmentwithoutdelay.2010A.handinB.handsinC.musthandinD.hastohandinItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliamhisstudyinspiteofsomelearningd

8、ifficulties.2007A.willcontinueB.continuedC.continueD.continuesItisimperativethatthegovernment_moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.2006A.attractsB.shallattractC.attractD.hasto4.Itisimperativethatstudentstheirtermpapersontime.2004A.handinB.wouldhandinC.havetohandinD.handedin考点4：itis(high/about)t

9、imethat结构中，从句使用一般过去式。例如：1.Itshightimewe_cuttingdowntherainfbrests.2006AstoppedBhadtostopCshallstopDstop考点5：muchas尽管，虽然引导让步状语从句，从句中用wouldhavedone表示假设。1.Muchas,IcouldntlendhimthemoneybecauseIsimplydidnthavethatmuchsparecash.1999A.IwouldhavelikedtoB.IwouldliketohaveC.IshouldhavetolikeD.Ishouldhaveliked

10、to考点6：ifonly,wish,asif/asthough引导从句，与过去事实相反：had+done；与现在事实相反：动词过去式；与将来事实相反：could/would+do。IfonlyI_playtheguitaraswellasyou!2006AwouldBcouldCshouldDmightHetalksonandonasifhewouldneverend.考点7：wouldrather/sooner从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去虚拟。Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughterinthesameofficenow.A.hadnotwork

11、edB.nottoworkC.doesnotworkD.didnotwork考点8：Onconditionthat./lest/forfearthat+(should)+原形动词。Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.2005A.onoccasionB.onpurposeC.onconditionD.onlyif注：Onconditionthat是“只有”“条件是”意思，可以使用虚拟语气，也可以不用。IllcomeonconditionthatJohnisinvited.The

12、yagreetolendhimthecaronconditionhe(should)returnitinaweek.lest以免e.g.:tiptoedlesttheguardshouldhearher;anxiouslesthebecomeill.考点9：butforyourtimelyadvice,Iwouldneverhaveknownhowtogoaboutthework.1994A.UnlessB.ButforC.ExceptforD.Notfor考点10：让步状语从句Whetherheberichorpoor,marryhim.,Illmarryhimallthesame.2004

13、A.WasherichorpoorB.WhetherrichorpoorC.WereherichorpoorD.BeherichorpoorWhethermybrother_rightorwrong,hewillhavemyunwaveringsupport.2001A.IsB.WereC.BeD.Wouldbe语法考点之二：情态动词*情态动词：will(愿意)，shall(将)，must(必须)，can,may,would,should(应该),might,could,oughtto,usedto(过去常常)，need(需要)，dare(竟敢)，haveto(不得不)考试中，情态动词部分重点

14、测试以下内容：(1)情态动词+行为动词完成式(表示推测)(2)某些情态动词特殊用法考点1.情态动词+have+过去分词结构表示推测musthavev-ed表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否定形式为：cant/couldnthavev-ed,表示过去不可能发生某事。Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesprobability?2008Youmustleaveimmediately.Youmustbefeelingrathertired.Youmustbeherebyeightoclock.Youmustcompletethereadingassignmento

15、ntime.Hethe8:20busbecausehedidntleavehometill8:25.(1994)A.couldnthavecaughtB.oughttohavecaughtC.shouldnthavecaughtD.mustnothavecaught(2)couldhavev-ed表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。may/mighthavev-ed表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.Heunwisely,buthewasatleasttryingtodosomethinghelpful.(1999)mayhaveactedB.musthaveactedC.shouldactD.w

16、ouldactoughtto/shouldhavev-ed和oughtnotto/shouldnthavev-ed用于对已发生情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该”和“本不应该”Arentyoutired?Iyouhaddoneenoughfortoday.2009A.shouldhavethoughtB.musthavethoughtC.mighthavethoughtD.couldhavethoughtneednthavev-ed表示过去做了某事，但没有做必要，意为“本没必要”。YouJimanythingaboutit.Itwasnoneofhisbusiness.(1998)A

17、.neednthavetoldB.neednttellC.mustnthavetoldD.mustnttellAsitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,wesoformally.(1996)neednothavedressedupmustnothavedressedupdidnotneedtodressupmustnotdressup注意：didnotneedtodo动作并没发生。例：Ididntneedtogetupearly,soIgotupuntil9a.m.考点2.特殊用法cant“不可能”(表推测)，maynot“可能不”(表推测),mustnt(mustn

18、ot)“不要;禁止”;usednot/usedntto或didntuseto过去不should表示惊讶Iamsurprised_thiscityisadullplacetolivein.2006A.thatyoushouldthinkB.bywhatyouarethinkingC.thatyouwouldthinkD.withwhatyouwerethinkingWeconsiderheshouldhaveleftwithouttellinganyonebeforehand.2009A.strangewhyB.itstrangewhatC.itstrangethatD.thatstrange用

19、于过去式中，can常表示能过做某事，但事实不一定去做；beableto则表示能做某事并且已经做了。Iwenttherein1984,andthatwastheonlyoccasionwhenIthejourneyinexactlytwodays.2005A.musttakeB.musthavemadeC.wasabletomakeD.couldmakeCantbut+V,表示不得不，与haveto同义。Canthelp+Ving忍不住。cannottoo/enough表示“无论怎么也不算过分”、“越越好”may/mightaswell+动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于hadbet

20、terImready,soImightaswellgonow（7）maywell+动词原形”，意为“（完全）能，很可能”:Hemaywellbeproudofhisson.他大可为儿子高兴。（8）mayaswellas还是好了e.g.Youmayaswellasgivehimtheletter.语法考点之三：非谓语动词考点1不定式近几年考不多。以前考点基本集中在：（1）考察哪些动词接不定式；（2）考察哪些短语接不带to不定式；1）canthelp/choosebutdo不得不，只能，不禁2）whynotdosthhimtomorrow?2001A.WhynottocallonB.Whydont

21、callonC.WhynotcallingonD.Whynotcallon3）woulddoratherthando1.Shesaidshewouldworkitoutherself,askmeforhelp.1993A.andnottoB.butnotC.andprefernotD.ratherthan考察短语bebelieved/saidtodosth用法；TheMinisterofFinanceisbelievedofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.2004A.thatheisthinkingB.tobethinkingC.thatheistoth

22、inkD.tothinkAIDSissaidthenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsintheregion.2002A.beingB.tobeC.tohavebeenD.havingbeenProfessorJohnsonissaidsomesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear.1999A.havingmadeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.tomake（4）考察动词不定时时态和语态：进行式tobedoing,完成式tohavedone;一般式被动语态tobed

23、one;完成式被动语态tohavebeendone。另外，不定式短语有将来时意思；考点2：动名词（1）常接动名词做宾语词：mind（介意）,miss（逃过）,mention（提及）,prevent,postpone,practice,risk（冒险）,resist（抵制）,consider（考虑）,admit（承认）,avoid（避免）,appreciate（感激）,fancy（幻想）,finish（完成），feellike（喜欢）,escape（逃脱）,ensure（确保），delay（延迟）,deny（否认）,resent,detest,imagine（想象）,suggest（建议）Ini

24、nternationalmatches,prestigeissoimportantthattheonlythingthatmattersistoavoid.1996A.frombeingbeatenB.beingbeatenC.beatingD.tobebeatenHeresentedtowait.Heexpectedtheministerhimatonce.1995A.tobeasked,toseeB.beingasked,toseeC.tobeasked,seeingD.beingasked,seeing3.Ineverregrettedoffer,foritwasnotwheremyin

25、terestlay.1993A.nottoacceptB.nothavingacceptedC.havingnotacceptedD.notacceptingb选项表示是对已经发生事件陈述，指示某一次特殊情况.d选项表示是一般性情况，不特指某一次特殊情况（2）介词后ing：prevent/stop/keepsb/sthfromdoing阻止.做；spend/wastetime/moneyindoing在做.方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱；how/whataboutdoingsth做怎么样了？；Havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing在方面有些困难；Thereisnosens

26、eindoing（做是没有理由）；Thank/admire/praise/blame/scold/punishsbfordoingsth因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责备、惩罚某人Whataniceday!Howaboutthethreeofusawalkintheparknearby?2009A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetakingThoughherfatherneverapprovedoftodramaschool,shebecameawell-knownactress.1991goingB.hertogoC.hergoingD.hergo（3）接动名词做介词to

27、宾语：applyoneselfto致力于；beaccustomedto习惯于；confessto供认；cometo谈到；devoteoneselfto献身于;getdownto着手做；givewayto对让步；leadto导致；lookforwardto期待；nextto几乎；objectto反对；payattentionto注意；stickto坚持；standupto勇敢面对；turnto求助于；beusedto习惯于Whatsthechanceofageneralelectionthisyear?2005A.therebeingB.theretobeC.therebeD.theregoin

28、gtobeThemeetingwasputoffbecauseweameetingwithoutJohn.2005A.objectedhavingB.wereobjectedtohavingC.objectedtohaveD.objectedtohaving考点3：分词1）从语态上看，现在分词一般表主动，过去分词一般表被动；2）从时态上看，现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示过去。如果分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，分词用完成时。（3）现在分词否定形式是not放在分词之前。*非谓语动词解题三步曲：一、首先确定主句；二、分析主动被动；三、分析动作先后shouldnotbecomeaseriousd

29、isadvantageinlifeandwork.2010A.TobenottallB.NotbeingtallC.BeingnottallD.NottobetallThemanpreparingthedocumentsisthefirmslawyerhasallthefollowingpossiblemeaningsEXCEPT.2009themanwhohaspreparedthedocuments.themanwhohasbeenpreparingthedocuments.themanwhoispreparingthedocuments.themanwhowillpreparethedo

30、cuments.atinthisway,thesituationdoesnotseemsodesperate.2000A.LookingB.lookedBeinglookedD.tolookIfnotwiththerespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime.2004A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentreated,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.1998A.Obtainingnotaticketforthematch

31、NotobtainingaticketforthematchNothavingobtainedaticketforthematchNotobtainedaticketforthematchHewasntaskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,insufficientlypoplarwithallmembers.1996A.havingconsideredB.wasconsideredwasbeingconsideredD.beingconsideredHenoticedthehelicopterhoveringoverthefield.Thentohi

32、sastonishment,hesawaropeladderoutandthreemenclimbingdownit.1995A.throwingB.beingthrownC.havingthrownD.havingbeenthrownThismissileisdesignedsothatoncenothingcanbedonetoretrieveit.1995A.firedB.beingfiredC.theyfiredD.havingfired考点4：独立主格句中没有连接词，逗号分开两个句子，存在两个主语。形式：名词/代词+分词）。（1）分词短语作状语时，有自己独立逻辑上“主语”，相当于各种

33、形式状语，表示一种伴随动作、情况或表原5/9 /9 #/9因介词（with）+名词+形容词/副词+分词，表示伴随行动做或补充说明1.Agricultureisthecountryschiefsourceofwealth,wheatbyfarthebiggestcerealcrop.2003A.isB.beenC.beD.beingTime,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.2003A.permitB.permittingC.permittedD.permitsTherenothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoane

34、ndhalfanhourearlier.2000A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.benocauseforalarm,theoldmanwentbacktohisbedroom.1996A.TherewasB.SinceC.BeingD.TherebeingThecountryschiefexportsarecoal,carsandcottongoods,carsthemostimportantofthese.1994A.havebeenB.areC.beingD.arebeing6.Thetaperecorderoutoforder,thestudentsdidnotkn

35、owwhattodo.1990A.wasB.BeingC.hasbeenD.wasbeing语法考点之四：定语从句关系代词：which（指sth作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语）,whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth,作定语），as（指sb,sth作主语或宾语）；做宾语时候，关系代词可以省略。关系副词：when（指时间onwhich），where（指地点atwhich），why（指原因forwhich）考点1.先行词为人时引导词who和that（1）只能用who不用that：1）当先行词为one（s）,anyone,those时

36、；2）当先行词为人称代词时。（2）只能用that不用who：1）当主句已经出现who时。2）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。Heisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnotthemanhewastwentyyearsago.2003A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom考点2.先行词为物时引导词that和which只能用that不用which：1）先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代词。2）先行词既有人又有物。3）先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰。4）先行词被thevery,the

37、only,thelast,just,all,any,every,no等修饰。5）关系代词在从句中作表语。6）在疑问词who、which、what开头句子中。7）主句是therebe句型。Iwasveryinterestedinshetoldme.2009A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.ThatThereisnooneintheworld.1991A.thatevermademistakesB.thathasevermademistakesC.thatnevermakesmistakesD.thatsometimesmakesmistakes（2）只能用which不用

38、that:1）定语从句中介词前置时关系代词只能用which;Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.2）引导非限制性定语从句时只能用which淇先行词可是一个词，也可是整个主句或主句某一部分。1.Theyovercameallthedifficultiesandcompletedtheprojecttwomonthsaheadoftime,issomethingwehadnotexpected.2003A.whichB.itC.thatD.whatWevejustinstalledtwoair-conditionersinourapartment,shou

39、ldmakegreatdifferencesinourlifenextsummer.2002A.whichB.whatC.thatD.They考点3：介词+关系代词（which/whom）（1）关系代词前介词确定方法：定语从句动词与先行词逻辑关系，或者从句动词、形容词习惯性搭配。1.Theparty,_Iwastheguestofhonour,wasextremelyenjoyable.2006A.bywhichB.forwhichC.towhichD.atwhichIveneverbeentoLhasa,butthatsthecity.1999A.Idmostliketovisitwhich

40、IliketovisitmostlywhereIliketovisitD.Idlikemuchtovisit3.IhaveneverbeentoLondon,butthatisthecity.1997A.whereIliketovisitmostIdmostliketovisit.whichIliketovisitmostlywhereIdlikemosttovisitWhose从句1.Abovethetreesarethehills,magnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface.2003A.whereB.ofwhoseC.whoseD.

41、which考点4：关系副词运用先行词为“时间名词”用when1.Sherememberedseveraloccasionsinthepastshehadexperiencedasimilarfeeling.1998A.whichB.beforeC.thatD.when先行词为“表示地点名词”用where1.Haveyoueverbeeninasituationyouknowtheotherpersonisrightyetyoucannotagreewithhim?2002A.bywhichB.thatC.inwhereD.Where先行词为“表示原因名词”why：reason+why（表示原因

42、名词只有一个）考点5：as与which引导定语从句as放在句首句中都可以，which必需放在句中，但下列情况多用as:1）关系代词引导定语从句居句首时。Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.2）当与suchas或thesame连用时，一般用as。3）as引导定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致，which无此限制：Hewentabroad,aswhichwasexpected.他出国了，正如大家预料到。Hewentabroad,whichwasunexpected.他出国了，这让大家感到很意外。（不用as）1.

43、Onlytaketheseclothesreallynecessary.1994A.aswereB.astheyareC.astheywereD.asareisoftenthecasewithanewidea,muchpreliminaryactivityandoptimisticdiscussionproducednoconcreteproposals.1994A.ThatB.ItC.ThisD.As注意：定语从句中主谓一致问题：从句中动词在人称和数方面应该与它先行词保持一致。HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowEnglishwell.Heistheonlyoneofthe

44、teacherswhoknowsEnglishwelL（特殊）7/9语法考点之五：状语从句考点1时间状语从句连接词:when,while,as,till/until,before,after,since,once,assoonas,everytime,themoment,theminute,nosooner.thanhardlywh等（1）whenever1.Comeandseemewhenever.（1997）A.youareconvenientB.youwillbeconvenientC.itisconvenienttoyouD.itwillbeconvenienttoyouNosoone

45、rthan/hardly.when/scarcelywhen一就用于句首要求倒装1.Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestationthecoachleft.2009A.whenB.asC.untilD.Than考点2：条件状语从句连接词：if,unlessso/aslongas,onconditionthat（条件是），as（so）faras（据所知）,providedthat（要是，如果），incase（假使，如果），onlyif（只有）等onlyif只有1.bothsidesaccepttheagreementalastingpeacebeestablishedin

46、thisregion.2004A.Onlyif,willB.Ifonly,wouldC.Should,willD.Unless,wouldunless除非Youwontgetaloanyoucanoffersomesecurity.1996A.lestB.incaseC.unlessD.otherthanIwasverymuchmistaken,therewassomethingwrongwithLouise.1995A.UnlessB.AsC.ThoughD.Since考点3：原因状语从句连接词：Because,since,as（放句首）,for,nowthat（既然，由于），when（既然

47、）,consideringthat（顾及到）,seeingthat（由于），inthat因为，既然Mendifferfromanimalstheycanthinkandspeak.2008A.forwhichB.forthatC.inthatD.inwhichBarryhasanadvantageoverhismotherhecouldspeakFrench.（2001）A.sincethatB.inthatC.atthatD.sothat考点4：让步状语从句连接词:though,although,as,evenifthough,whatever,however,wherever,while等

48、引导。（1）while尽管1.Isympathize,Icantreallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties.2001A.aslongasB.asC.whileD.evenas/though引导让步状从倒装As/though引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。Tryagainas/thoughhewill,hecantsucceed.此时应注意：一、若提前表语是没有形容词修饰单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词；Childas/thoughheis,heknowsmuchaboutthesociety.二、若提前是动词原形（多为不及物动词），与之连用通常是may,might,will,would等，这些词都要保留在原来位置上（主语后）。Swimas/thoughhecan,hecantswimsofar.三、as引导让步状语从句一定要倒装，though引导让步状语从句不一定要倒装，although引导让步状语从句不要倒装。四、让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面主句不能有but,但是though和yet可连用。FoolJerry