医学英语课件资料：国际旅游前的医疗考虑

1、Review Article Medical Considerations before International Travel文章内容专业词汇疑难词汇词根长难句翻译心得与趣事文章内容结构化方案图1 旅行前咨询的结构化方案实用方法实用方法疫苗接种常规疫苗白百破麻腮风旅行疫苗甲肝伤寒和副伤寒乙型脑炎脑膜炎黄热病狂犬病常见旅行疾病疟疾其他虫媒传播的疾病旅行者腹泻高原病血栓交互式图表/action/showMediaPlayer?doi=10.1056%2FNEJMra1508815&aid=NEJMra1508815_attach_1&area=Downloaded in Sept. 7th,

2、2016专业词汇201301073 严婧文Major Travel-related Diseases and Medication命名规律：症状 or 病原体Measlesmumpsrubella (MMR)Measles 麻疹 many little spots Mumps 腮腺炎 to mumble, whine, imitateRubella 风疹 rash, reddish, ruber “red”Tetanus diphtheriaacellular pertussis (Tdap)Tetanus 破伤风: from Latin “tetanus” muscular spasm, a

3、 stretching, tension tetanic contraction 强直收缩Diphtheria 白喉 from Greek “diphthera prepared hide, leather,the disease so called for the tough membrane that forms in the throat. Pertussis 百日咳 per- “thoroughly” + tussis “cough”antitussive 止咳剂Major Travel-related Diseases and MedicationVaricella 水痘 “Chic

4、ken pox” irregular diminutive ofvariola(smallpox)Influenza 流感Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌Hepatitis A 甲肝：provides more than 94% seroprotectionHepatitis B 乙肝Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers 伤寒和副伤寒起初以为 “resembling typhus 斑疹伤寒” 但其实不是一种Typhoid Mary (1909) was Mary Mallon (d.1938), a typhoid carrier who worked as a co

5、ok and became notorious after it was learned she unwittingly had infected hundreds in U.S.Major Travel-related Diseases and MedicationMeningococcus 脑膜炎球菌Poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎 remains endemic only in Pakistan and Afghanistan Yellow fever 高热+黄疸Rabies 狂犬病from Latinrabiesmadness, rage, fury,“ RageHydropho

6、biaJapanese encephalitis 乙型脑炎（病原体最初发现于日本）Tickborne encephalitis 蜱媒脑炎 Major Travel-related Diseases and MedicationTicks 蜱虫, mites 螨虫 , fleas跳蚤（light touch/tap）（little bit, small- minus）（flee）Anopheles mosquito 按蚊(疟蚊)from Greek anopheles useless, hurtful, harmful, from “an-”, + “ophelos use, help, adv

7、antage”. So called because it conveys malaria.节肢动物 “those with jointed feet,” from Greekarthrona joint”+podosfootDengue 登革热from an African source, perhaps Swahili dinga seizure, cramp, form influenced by Spanish dengue prudery (perhaps because sufferers walk stiffly and erect due to painful joints).

8、 Chikungunya基孔肯雅热斯瓦西里语，意为“弯曲”，患者出现关节炎症状，最后弯腰曲背。Major Travel-related Diseases and Medication 疟疾from Italian malaria, from mala aria, literally bad air, from mala bad + aria air . The disease, now known to be mosquito-borne, once was thought to be caused by foul air in marshy districts. 旅客痢疾a flowing

9、through, fromdia-through +rrheato flowbloody diarrhea, diarrhea with fever, or dysenteryFrom dys-bad, abnormal, difficult +enteraintestines, bowels 疑难词汇201301055 李沙桐immunocompromisedimmuno- protection/safe 免疫compromise v. 妥协；让步 n. 妥协，和解；折衷itineraryn. 旅程，路线；旅行日程adj. 旅程的；巡回的，流动的route n. 路线；航线schedule

10、n. 时间表；计划表itinerary = route + scheduleboostern.增压机助推器热心的支持者起鼓励或推动作用的事物增效剂，加强剂regimenn. 养生法；生活规则；政体；支配regimen for vaccines/drugsadministrationn. 管理；行政；实施；行政机构administration of vaccines/drugs给药route of administration 给药途径indicationindicate vt. 表明；指出；预示；象征indications for vaccines/drugsindication n. 显示；

11、标志；适应症adherencen. 坚持；依附，粘附；忠诚The efficacy of either available vaccine against S. Typhi is only 60 to 80%. Adherence to the oral vaccine regimen may be as low as 70%.residing in malarious areas for 6 months or longer presents complex problems leading to reduced adherence to chemoprophylaxis.may encou

12、rage travelers to adhere to preventive measures.stick to.a body of knowledgeA body of knowledge in travel medicine has been published by the International Society of Travel Medicine.a body of 一片；大量body of knowledge 知识体系quadrivalentquadri- 四valent 价monovalentbivalenttrivalentpentavalenthexavalentsept

13、ivalent/septivalentoctovalentnine-valent词根201301067宋慧芯chemoprophylaxis Chemo+pro+phylaxis1.chem- o related to chemical action or chemicals chemotherapy =- forward, forth, toward the front prodrug beforehand, in advance prohibit taking care of procure in place of, on behalf proconsul from L

14、atin pro on behalf of, in place of, before, for, in exchange for, just as, which also was used as a prefix.3. phylaxis a watching, guarding anaphylacticmalaria mal+aria1.mal- bad, ill, poorly, wrong malnutrition from French mal (adv.), from Old French mal (adj., adv.) evil, ill, wrong, wrongly (9c.)

15、, from Latin male (adv.) badly, or malus (adj.) bad, evil (fem. mala, neuter malum)2.-ia condition, noun ending pneumonia-肺炎 anaemia-贫血 diphtheria-白喉 from Latin and Greekpoliomyelitispolio+myelo+it is1.polio- grey poliodystrophia2.myelo- marrow myeloblast3.-itis inflammation. Hepatitis the gray matt

16、er in the spinal cord is inflamed, which causes paralysis. The earlier name wasinfantile paralysispathogenPatho+gen1.patho- disease pathogenesis2.-gen producing allergen producing disease, 1836, from Frenchpathognique, from Greekpathosdisease (seepathos) + French-gnique (see-gen). Related:Pathogenet

17、ic;pathogenicity.pneumococcus Pneumo+coccus1.pneumo- lung pneumogastric air pneumothorax breath pneumograph 2.-coccus spherical or roughly spherical bacterium Streptoccus staphylococcus拓展：-bacillus -spirillum tuberculosistuber+osis 1.tuber- lump tuberculation2.-osis a state of disease thrombosisdise

18、ase characterized by tuberculespandemic endemic epidemicpandemic pan+demo+ic 1.pan- all 2.demos people 3.-ic pertaining to pertaining to all people endemic en- inparticular to a people or localityepidemic epi+demo+ic epi among, upon from Late Latin pandemus, from Greek pandemos，pertaining to all peo

19、ple长难句翻译分享201301022 章筱Comprehension: of foremost importantA specialized travel medicine clinic or a medical facility designated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a yellow fever vaccination center is best situated to interpret nuanced requirements and recommendations, and ref

20、erral to such a facility is recommended.Comprehension: of foremost importantA specialized travel medicine clinic or a medical facility designated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a yellow fever vaccination center is best situated to interpret nuanced requirements and recomm

21、endations, and referral to such a facility is recommended.Comprehension: of foremost importantA specialized travel medicine clinic or a medical facility designated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a yellow fever vaccination center is best situated to interpret nuanced requi

22、rements and recommendations, and referral to such a facility is recommended.Literal translation and free translationLiteral translation“not to alter the original words and sentences”“to keep the sentiments and style of the original”Free translation“conveying the meaning and spirit of the original wi

23、thout trying to copy its sentence pattern or figures of speech”Literal translation and free translationA causal but modest link between lack of mobility during travel and deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism in otherwise healthy persons has been established. Causal: of, relating to, or actin

24、g as a causeModest: (of an amount, rate, or level of something) relatively moderate, limited, or smallLiteral translation and free translationA causal but modest link between lack of mobility during travel and deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism in otherwise healthy persons has been establi

25、shed. Causal: of, relating to, or acting as a causeModest: (of an amount, rate, or level of something) relatively moderate, limited, or small对于通常健康的人群，（实验）证实旅行过程中缺少运动是深静脉血栓或者肺栓塞的一个可能的但不是最主要的原因。 Double NegativeEmphasis; Dropping or keeping? No traveler should leave the consultation without understand

26、ing the importance of seeking expert medical advice immediately if fever develops after the return home.Double NegativeEmphasis; Dropping or keeping? No traveler should leave the consultation without understanding the importance of seeking expert medical advice immediately if fever develops after th

27、e return home.每一个经过咨询的人都应该认识到，回家之后一旦发烧就要立刻寻找专业的医学建议。THANKS趣事&心得 胡文墨 201301013趣事In Lay language (in any language。)Sub-saharan Africa (sub-：在下面，亚，副)Indian subcontinent （印度次大陆）Evacuation (n. 疏散，撤离) insurance medical evacuation from a resource-poor area to a hospital where definitive care can be obtaine

28、d . medical evacuation insurance would cover the cost of transportation to a facility where adequate care can be provided.Medical tourismtravel for medical treatmentunformed stools心得Indicate/indication：The discussion below, which focuses on indications for each vaccine in the context of travel.Hepatitis A vaccine is indicated for every nonimmune traveler.一、熟悉词的陌生用法Separately, under the 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR), yellow fever vaccination may also be required for travelers arriving