医学英语课件资料：动脉粥样硬化

1、词根同义多词科技名词缩写难句翻译Foks A C, van Puijvelde G H M, Bot I, et al. Interruption of the OX40OX40 Ligand Pathway in LDL ReceptorDeficient Mice Causes Regression of AtherosclerosisJ. The Journal of Immunology, 2013,191(9):4573-4580.OX40-OX40L通路与动脉粥样硬化有关动脉粥样硬化退化血管外膜T细胞减少Th2应答减弱IL-4、IL-10减少IL-5增加IL-5诱导IgMIgE减少

2、、MC减少Anti-OX40L干扰OX40-OX40L通路IL-5增加-IgM增加Th2减少-MC减少动脉粥样硬化退化医学词根Medical TerminologyAtherosclerosisArteriosclerosis = artery + hardening * artery thicker, harder, less elastic *Atherosclerosis * hardening from plaque * “atheromatous plaque” in endotheliumArteriolosclerosis = arterioles * hardening of

3、arterioles *AtherosclerosisEndothelium * Protects vessel wall* Prevent clottingDamageLow Density Lipoprotein - * Smoking* High blood pressureLow Density Lipoprotein - Dead Monocyte “Foam cells ”- Fatty streak - Platelets * Release platelet-derived growth factorEncourage smooth muscle growthTunica me

4、dia- tunica intimaSecretes collagen, proteoglycans, elastic fibrous cells -Internal carotid & middle cerebral -Superior mesenteric -Popliteal artery -Downstream cellular injury/deathAngina+ myocardio infarctionStroke + Cerebral atrophy Small intestinePeripheral ischemia(gangrene+claudication )Weaken

5、 walls - Aneurysm (abdominal aortic) Renal arteries -Kidney-Thinks blood pressures low, Activates renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, Blood volume increase, HypertensionBreak off-Embolism-Blocks small vessels Cholesterol cleft PreventionMaintain normal blood pressure Dont smokeAvoid sugary & fatty

6、 foodsRisk factorsRisk increase with agesmalesPostmenopausal females (premenopausal less risk)Family historyMonckeberg (Medial calcific) sclerosisCalcium crystals in muscle layerHardening Diameter not affected = Blood flow unaffected Often detected incidentally e.g. mammogramsArteriolosclerosisHarde

7、ning of small vessels HypertensionDiabetesHyaline arteriolosclerosis High pressure Protein buildup Stiffens arterioles Lumen narrowerHypertensionBlood flow reduced Decreased oxygen * Kidney Low blood flow Glomerulus scars Arterioloephrosclerosis* Chronic renal failureDiabetesHigh blood sugar* Damage

8、d endothelium(by altering carb and fat metabolism * Damage the basement membrane of the blood vesselsHyperplastic arteriosclerosisExtremely high pressureSmooth muscle growthSmaller lumenIschemiaArteriole walls in kidneyRenal ischemiaSmall hemorrhages (look like insects bites)同义多词Synonyms敖天让201301006

9、阻断、干扰Interruption of the OX40OX40 Ligand PathwayWe hypothesized that interference with the OX40OX40L pathwayBlockade of the OX40OX40L pathway假设、认为We hypothesized that interference withWhereas Feig et al. argued that promoting the emigrationIn line with these findings, we suggest that IgE may play an

10、 important role增加或减少Increase & decreaseReduce & reductionInduce & induction（？）Examplesa 47% decrease in CD4+OX40+ T cells; a 68% decrease in IgE levels；reduced Th2 responses; reduced mast cell presence and activationa 20% reduction in mast cells; decrease the extent of disease; decreases in GATA-3,

11、IL-4, and IL-10 expressioninduces a strong reduction；induce regression(Furthermore, a robust loss in macrophage content was observed in both control and anti-OX40Ltreated mice compared with baseline mice.)（Robustness：鲁棒性）促进或抑制EnhanceInhibitFacilitatePromote Enhance inflammationOX40L deficiency rende

12、rs mice less susceptible to atherosclerosis, whereas OX40L overexpression enhances the development of atherosclerosisAn additional pathway via which OX40OX40L blockade may facilitate lesion regression isPromoting reverse cholesterol transport表示获得Harvest：Mice were sacrificed and tissues were harveste

13、d.Bone marrow cells were harvested from the femur and tibia.Obtain：Mice were weighed and blood samples were obtained.(After sacrificing the mice, blood, spleen, and peritoneal cells were isolated.)表示进行了什么样的实验Perform：To determine the number of adventitial T cells, CD3 staining was performed using ant

14、i-mouse CD3 Quantitative gene expression analysis was performed on(cytokine concentrations were determined by ELISA, )(IL-33 production was analyzed with flow cytometry, )(To study the regression of atherosclerotic lesions, we investigated)杂Sacrifice:a baseline group was sacrificed to determine dise

15、ase extent at the beginning of the treatment. mice were sacrificed and tissues were harvestedTreat/Treatment:given anti-OX40L treatmentwe treated male ST2L-/-micethe percentage of B1 cells in ST2L-/- mice treated with anti-OX40L was increased compared with control treatment.Population & subset:a 47%

16、 decrease in CD4+OX40+ T cells within the CD4 population was observed inThe other T cell subsets, Th1, Th17, and Tregs, remained unaffected under hypercholesterolemic conditions.Parallel:This large increase suggests that T cells are attracted to the lesion and parallels the decrease in the number of

17、 macrophages, which may indicate that macrophage death within the lesion results in the attraction of these adventitial T cells. 连接词和表达逻辑关系的短语Whereas, howeverFurthermore, in addition to, additionally, moreoverSubsequentlyWhereas differentiation of IL-4producing T cells is dependent on STAT6 and GATA

18、-3, IL-5producing T cells differentiate independently of STAT6 and GATA-3。To this end:To study the regression of atherosclerotic lesions, we investigated. To this end, we put LDLR-/- mice that had been fed a Western-type diet for 10 wkWith respect to:With respect to the composition of the lesion, no

19、 differences were found in又是杂Indeed, a 4-fold increase in IL-33 expression in the spleen was observed in anti-OX40Ltreated mice compared with control mice.In line with these findings, we suggest that IgE may play an important roleModulation, mediate, meditate科技名词S&T Terms雷奇201301079StructureSoftware

20、: XmindSoftware: XmindGoogle translateWebsite: Website: VocabularyWestern type dietChow dietWestern type dietSoftware: YoudaoChow dietSoftware: YoudaoCNKI translateWebsite: Search resultWebsite: Search resultWebsite: BiodictWebsite: Result: no item foundDXYProvide five possible translations for “cho

21、w diet”中国饮食（和西方饮食相对）规则饮食常规饮食普通饮食标准饲料Website: SummaryGoogle translate有道词典CNKI翻译助手生物医药大辞典丁香园More vocabularies on go Technical words:SYBR Green technologyIMDMFlow cytometryBioMedical words:Ad. Libitumi.p.Isotope switchOthers:SEMSYBR Green technologySG双链嵌合荧光染色结合于dsDNA双螺旋小沟区域SYBR Green I的荧光信号强度与双链DNA的数量相

22、关可以根据荧光信号检测出PCR体系存在的双链DNA数量。IMDMIscoves modified Dulbecco medium适合B淋巴细胞和其他细胞高密度培养。Vs DMED培养基flow cytometry流式细胞仪对细胞进行自动分析和分选的装置Ad. Libitum Latin for “at liberty/at ones pleasure”自由地其他常用拉丁词:latinAbbr.ad libitumAd. libAnte cibosa.c.Bis in dieb.i.dPer os p.o.Queque 4 horaq.4.hi.p.Intraperitoneal 腹腔内注射其他

23、常用词Abbr.i.p.i.m.i.h.i.d.i.v.i.v.gttp.o.Isotope switching同种型转换1964年Nossal等发现B淋巴细胞存在着类型的转换。Ig类型转换（class switch)或称同种型转换（isotype switch)是指一个B淋巴细胞克隆在分化过程中VH基因片段保持不变，而发生CH基因节段的重排、比较CH基因片段重排后基因编码的产物，V区相同而C区不同，即识别抗原特异性不变SEMStandard error of mean 标准平均值方差其他常用统计学名词平均值 means方差 variance正态分布 normal distribution缩写

24、 Abbreviations常用缩写&生物因子龙安吟201301072常用缩写RBCs/WBCs: Red Blood Cells/White Blood Cells 红细胞/白细胞 e.g. RBCs were lysed using erythrocyte lysis buffer.Ag/Ab: Antigen/Antibody 抗原/抗体 e.g. TCR-mediated Ag stimulation. Ab treatment against a specific epitope of oxLDL.常用缩写APCs: Antigen Presenting Cells 抗原呈递细胞（具

25、有摄取、处理及呈递抗原能力的细胞） e.g. The increase in IL-5 production was mediated by IL-33 production by APCs.SNPs: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms 单核苷酸多态性（基因组上单个核苷酸的变异） e.g. SNPs in both the OX40 and OX40L genes affect the incidence of cardiovascular disease.生物因子OX40OX40L: OX40OX40 Ligand, belong to the TNF/TNFR

26、 family. OX40L配体表达于树突细胞、B细胞等抗原呈递细胞表面， 受体为表达于活化T细胞表面的OX40。 能提供T细胞增殖和刺激信号； 诱导Th2细胞产生细胞因子； 促进B细胞分化成浆细胞； 促进抗体产生等。e.g. Interruption of the OX40OX40 Ligand Pathway in LDL ReceptorDeficient Mice Causes Regression of Atherosclerosis.(Title)生物因子TNF/TNFR: Tumor Necrosis Factor（Receptor） 肿瘤坏死因子及其受体 一种能够直接杀伤肿瘤细

27、胞而对正常细胞无明显毒性的细胞因子， 主要由活化的巨噬细胞，NK细胞及T淋巴细胞产生。e.g. OX40 and OX40L belong to the TNF/TNFR family.生物因子LDL/oxLDL: (Oxidized) Low-Density Lipoprotein （氧化）低密度脂蛋白 一种运载胆固醇进入外周组织细胞的脂蛋白颗粒， 可被氧化成氧化低密度脂蛋白， 当低密度脂蛋白，尤其是氧化低密度脂蛋白过量时， 其携带的胆固醇便积存在动脉壁上，引起动脉粥样硬化。e.g. Patients are usually treated with statins to lower LDL

28、 cholesterol.生物因子 IgE/IgM/IgG Immunoglobulin E/M/G 免疫球蛋白E/M/G 具有抗体活性或化学结构，与抗体分子相似的球蛋白。 分为五类，即免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、免疫球蛋白D（IgD）和免疫球蛋白E（IgE）。 是化学结构上的概念，即所有抗体的化学基础都是免疫球蛋白，但免疫球蛋白并不都具有抗体活性。e.g. IgE levels were decreased, as demonstrated by reduced mast cell presence and activation.生物因子 IL-5

29、/IL-33 Interleukin 1-38 白细胞介素 1-38 最初指由白细胞产生又在白细胞间起调节作用的细胞因子， 现指一类分子结构和生物学功能已基本明确，具有重要调节作用而统一命名的细胞因子。 在传递信息，激活与调节免疫细胞，介导T、B细胞活化、增殖与分化及炎症反应中起重要作用。e.g. The increase in IL-5 production and IgM was mediated by IL-33 production by APCs upon OX40L blockade.难句翻译Tough Sentences毛进柱201301035难句翻译Patients suffe

30、ring from cardiovascular disease have well-established atherosclerotic lesions, rendering lesion regression of therapeutic interest.难句翻译Patients suffering from cardiovascular disease have well-established atherosclerotic lesions, rendering lesion regression of therapeutic interest.难句翻译Patients suffe

31、ring from cardiovascular disease have well-established atherosclerotic lesions, rendering lesion regression of therapeutic interest.难句翻译Patients suffering from cardiovascular disease have well-established atherosclerotic lesions, rendering lesion regression of therapeutic interest.心血管疾病患者形成动脉粥样硬化损伤，引起损伤退化治疗的研