测量平差技术报告

1、精品文档测量平差课程设计实习报告姓名：邹建鑫学号：631101040124班级：测绘2011 级 1 班指导老师：曹智翔2013/7/4.精品文档一、控制网概况及测量数据的整理和检验我们的测区包括学校的德园小区、A01 教学楼、 B01 教学楼、食堂和学生活动中心， 控制点基本都在学校的公路边上，测区整体来说比较平整，自南向北整体是一个上升的缓坡的区域，在测区中主要是楼房和绿化带，在整个外业过程中基本都是35 度以上高温天气。在测区中已知两个控制点（ B,C）的坐标，其标石保存完好。（一）、光电测距导线的主要技术要求：闭合或符平均边长测距中误测角中误全长相对等级合导线全差差（m）闭合差长（ k

2、m）（mm）（）二级24200 15 81/100001、测距中误差计算 ：测距单位权中误差：pdd2ns单位权中误差；各边往、返测距离较差；ns 测距的边数；pi 各边距离测量的先验权；1pi2sisi 测距先验中误差，根据测距仪的标称精度估算。任一边的实测距离中误差估值：mDi1pi注：索佳 SET510全站仪测距标称精度为（ 2+2PPM），因距离较短，影响测距精度的主要是固定误差， 故可以认为各边为等精度观测，即可取 pi 均为 1，求出的单位权中误差可视为各边的测距中误差。2、测角中误差的计算：.精品文档m1ffNn符合导线或闭合导线环的方位角闭合差；计算 f 时的测站数；N f的个

3、数。如控制为单一的闭合或符合导线， N 为 1。（二）、水准测量的主要技术要求：每千米高差闭合差等级全中误差往返各一次（mm）（mm）二等 2 4 L平差前计算每千米水准测量高差全中误差：M w1WWNLM w 高差全中误差（mm）；闭合差；计算 W 时，相应的路线长度（ KM ）； N 符合路线或闭合路线环的个数。若进行往返观测，计算每千米水准测量的高差偶然中误差：1M D4nLM D 高差偶然中误差（） ；水准路线往、返高差不符值（） ；L水准路线的测段长度；n往、返测的水准路线测段数。（二等要求 M D1mm ）下图为控制网简图.精品文档测量数据如下：角度()BCD=166 29 50，

4、 CDE=167 2 17， DEF=85 40 22EFG=156 24 37， FGH=144 6 21， GHI=152 14 32HIA=195 56 9 ， IAB=101 26 16 ， ABC=90 39 36DECH5=100 41 43， ECH5CH4=82 24 9， CH5CH4CH3=164 0 0CH4CH3CH2=16432 13， CH3CH2CH1=17244 10， CH2CH1B=89430CH1BC=99 27 2， BCD=193 30 10， CDE=192 57 44距离 （m）CD=170.617 ECH5=136.333DE=161.181 C

5、H5CH4=171.754EF=108.361 CH4CH3=189.328FG=111.698 CH3CH2=121.741GH=124.967 CH2CH1=218.272HI=151.589 CH1B=88.261IA=174.935AB=161.473BC=263.584.精品文档水准测量数据记录测站目标点前视读数后视读数高差1A1.192-0.562B1.7541.80221.435C0.3673.38332.96D0.4232.83742.072E0.7651.92551.336F0.5590.7496-0.187G0.9360.0807-3.756H-3.6760.3188-2.

6、576I2.8941.0679-0.719A1.786.精品文档表格二测站目标点前视读数后视读数高程1E1.6980.471CH51.2180.8412-4.86CH45.7011.0643-0.356CH31.4261.0744-0.907CH21.9810.8685-1.226CH1-2.0941.396B0.9730.423.精品文档二、水准网、导线网的条件平差及间接平差（一） 水准网条件平差如图为路线号已知 B,C 两点高程 HB =385.2968、HC =386.7212系数矩阵11111111000000A01100000111111常数阵 l=-7.6-1.4协因数阵 Q为单位

7、阵所以Naa = A * Q * A T82=82所以联系数 k1=0.967 ；k2=-0.067所以 V=Q*AT *K=-0.9667 -0.9000 -0.9000 -0.9667 -0.9667 -0.9667 -0.9667 -0.9667 0.0667 0.06670.0667 0.0667 0.0667 0.0667T mm.精品文档- 0.96672.959- 0.90002.071- 0.90001.335- 0.96670.188- 0.96673.757- 0.96672.577V Q*AT- 0.96670.720* K；所以 h- 0.96670.5630.0667

8、0.4710.06674.8600.06670.3560.06670.9070.06671.2260.06670.423（二） 水准网间接平差设 D、F、G、H、I 、A、CH5、CH4、CH3、CH2、CH1点高程 X1、 X 2、 X 3、 X 4、 X 5、X6 、X7、X8、 X 9、 X10、 X11、 X 12 作为参数取.精品文档XxH Ch11XxH Ch1h222XxH Ch1h2h333Xx H Ch1h2h3h444XxH Bh6h7h855XxH Bh7h866XxH Bh877XxH Ch1h2h988Xx H Ch1h2h9h1099XxH Bh12h13h1410

9、10XxH Ch13h141111XxH Ch141212所以得到误差方程，其系数矩阵100000000000-1100000000000-110000000000 0- 11000000000 00-1100000000000000-1000000-100000100000 000000-110000 0000000-11000 00000000-1100 000000000-11000000000001.精品文档常数矩阵l0000-7.6000001.4000T权阵 P 为单位阵所以2-10000000000-13-10000-10

10、0000-12-10000000000-12-10000000000-12-1000000NBB BT*P*B0000-12-10000000000-12000000-1000002-10000000000-12-10000000000-1 2- 1 0000000000-12- 10000000000-12所以WB T * P * l0 0 0 7.6 - 7.6 0 0 0 - 1.4 1.4 0 0 T所以0.62000.62000.62001.24001.06002.30001.06003.3600- 14.1400- 3.18001.0600- 2.12001.0600 x Nbb

11、1V B * x l* W- 1.06001.06000.8000- 0.44000.3600- 0.44001.32002.36000.8800- 0.44000.4400- 0.44000.4400.精品文档-1.0960- 2.00300.8790- 4.42700.0660- 0.4880- 0.8130L L V0.85200.56000.71902.58203.76600.19503.1110NBB10.8000 0.6000 0.5000 0.4000 0.3000 0.2000 0.1000 0.5000 0.4000 0.3000 0.2000 0.10000.6000 1.

12、2000 1.0000 0.8000 0.6000 0.4000 0.2000 1.0000 0.8000 0.6000 0.4000 0.20000.5000 1.0000 1.6667 1.3333 1.0000 0.6667 0.3333 0.8333 0.6667 0.5000 0.3333 0.16670.4000 0.8000 1.3333 1.8667 1.4000 0.9333 0.4667 0.6667 0.5333 0.4000 0.2667 0.13330.3000 0.6000 1.0000 1.4000 1.8000 1.2000 0.6000 0.5000 0.40

13、00 0.3000 0.2000 0.10000.2000 0.4000 0.6667 0.9333 1.2000 1.4667 0.7333 0.3333 0.2667 0.2000 0.1333 0.06670.1000 0.2000 0.3333 0.4667 0.6000 0.7333 0.8667 0.1667 0.1333 0.1000 0.0667 0.03330.5000 1.0000 0.8333 0.6667 0.5000 0.3333 0.1667 1.6667 1.3333 1.0000 0.6667 0.33330.4000 0.8000 0.6667 0.5333

14、0.4000 0.2667 0.1333 1.3333 1.8667 1.4000 0.9333 0.46670.3000 0.6000 0.5000 0.4000 0.3000 0.2000 0.1000 1.0000 1.4000 1.8000 1.2000 0.60000.2000 0.4000 0.3333 0.2667 0.2000 0.1333 0.0667 0.6667 0.9333 1.2000 1.4667 0.73330.1000 0.2000 0.1667 0.1333 0.1000 0.0667 0.0333 0.3333 0.4667 0.6000 0.7333 0.

15、8667各点高程中误差：DECH 5CH 4CH 3CH 24.3106CH 14.79494.02855.2008L5.81467.3546M6.57859.0080N6.680510.4015O6.153611.6293P（三） 导线网条件平差下表为各点的近似坐标，各边的方位角、方位角的正余弦及各边的长度.精品文档第一个闭合环点改正后之增量号方位角cos axy坐标值B观测角改正角17 43 52距离sin a+-+-xyC166 29 5000.855153384.691039397.026031142170.6170.5185145.9388.471D167 2 1700.717053

16、530.62139485.53044 11 45161.1810.6971115.604112.361E85 40 220-0.749253646.22439597.925138 31 23108.3610.662381.22971.77F156 24 370-0.951753565.08039669.728162 6 46111.6980.3071106.34234.307G144 6 210-0.951053458.82439704.069198 0 25124.967-0.3091118.88938.631H152 14 320-0.697653340.02139665.466225 4

17、5 53151.589-0.7165105.749108.611I195 56 90-0.867553234.31439556.888209 49 44174.935-0.4974151.75987.015A101 26 1600.315553082.59839469.906288 23 28161.473-0.948950.945153.226B90 39 3600.952553133.58639316.713C166 29 50017 43 52263.5840.3046251.06380.27553384.691039397.0260.精品文档第二个闭合环点改正后之增量号方位角cos a

18、xy坐标值B观测角改正角 17 43 52距离sin a+-+-xyC193 30 80.855153384.691039397.026031140170.6170.5185145.88888.469D192 57 420.717053530.56839485.52044 11 42161.1810.6971115.562112.360E100 41 420.818053646.11939597.905324 53 24136.333-0.5751111.52778.412CH582248-0.678353757.63539519.518227 17 32171.754-0.7348116.4

19、94126.209CH4164 59 58-0.854553641.13039393.334211 17 30189.328-0.5194161.78798.336CH3164 32 13-0.962153479.33239295.023195 49 43121.741-0.2728117.12533.206CH2172 44 9-0.988853362.19639261.842188 33 52218.272-0.1489215.83832.505CH189 42 59-0.144053146.34739229.36298 16 5188.2580.989612.71187.338B9927

20、10.952553133.62539316.725C193 30 1017 43 52263.60.3046251.07880.27953384.691039397.0260.精品文档因为 n=32， t=24 ，故 r=8 ，可列出八个条件方程，其系数矩阵A 为 8*32 的矩阵A=接上表改正数依次为VS1、VS2、VS3、VS4、VS5、VS6、VS7、VS8、VS9、VS10、VS11、VS12、VS13、VS14、Vb1、Vb 2、Vb3、Vb4、 Vb5、 Vb 6、 Vb 7、Vb 8、Vb 9、Vb10、Vb11、 Vb12、Vb13、Vb14Vb15、Vb16、Vb17、 Vb

21、18常数矩阵为W10011 -99-83 -2210协因数阵Q=.精品文档.精品文档接上.精品文档由此可计算的2.000001.00001.0000- 1.26790.9714-1.26740.973902.00001.00001.0000- 0.70750.4291- 0.70720.42901.00001.00009.000000.41826.251600Naa A * Q * AT1.00001.000009.000000- 3.0033- 0.3732-1.2679- 0.70750.4182011.8146- 0.24171.24191.56210.97140.42916.25160

22、- 0.241714.70361.56212.0762-1.2674- 0.70720- 3.00331.24191.562114.0958- 0.71490.97390.42900- 0.37321.56212.0762- 0.714911.4122所以可以组成法方程Naa * K W 0解得K11.59309.9676- 9.6768 - 3.8910 11.5292 9.7110- 0.1078- 5.7190所以计算的改正数V15.9279 17.44630.3904- 6.3683- 15.9943- 22.7914- 24.7688-12.7180- 6.29346.79889.3

23、5836.734312.37830.6327- 9.6768- 3.6992- 3.2689- 6.92080.63525.45826.254910.63990.5776- 7.0923- 3.6546- 1.0133- 0.15450.6332- 1.7957 - 3.89103.69922.2689T mm.精品文档V S 1VS2VS3VS4VS5VS6VS7VS 8VS9V S10VS11VS12VS13VS14Vb 1Vb2Vb 3Vb4V b 5Vb 6Vb 7Vb 8Vb 9Vb 10Vb 11Vb 12Vb 13V b 14Vb 15Vb 16Vb 17Vb 181111111

24、15.9279170.633m17.4463161.198m0.3904108.361m-6.3683111.692m-15.9943124.950m-22.7914151.568m-24.7688174.911m-12.7180161.462m-6.2934136.328m6.7988171.760m9.3583189.338m6.7343121.747m12.3783218.284m0.632788.259m-9.676890 3926-3.69921662946mm-L L V1672143.2689-6.920885 40150.635215624385.45821446266.254

25、9152143810.639919556190.57761012617-7.09231004136-3.654682 246-1.01331635959-0.154516432130.63321724411-1.795789 4258-3.891099 26583.699219330142.26891925746.精品文档（四）导线网间接平差.精品文档（四）导线网间接平差点号近似坐标BxyC53384.691039397.0260D53530.62139485.530E53646.22439597.925F53565.08039669.728G53458.82439704.069H53340.

26、02139665.466I53234.31439556.888A53082.59839469.906B53133.58639316.713C53384.691039397.0260坐标方位角改正数方程的系数计算表（第一个闭合环）a（/mm）b（/mm）S-S sin cos近似边长 S（m）cossin(mm)S * 1000S * 1000170.6710.85510.5185-540.6266-1.0334161.2350.71700.6971-540.8918-0.9172108.351-0.74920.6623101.26081.4262111.668-0.95170.3071300.

27、56731.7579124.917-0.9510-0.309150-0.51041.5703151.536-0.6976-0.716553-0.97530.9495174.882-0.8675-0.497453-0.58671.0232161.4550.3155-0.948918-1.2123-0.4031263.6360.95250.3046-520.2383-0.7452.精品文档坐标方位角改正数方程的系数计算表（第二个闭合环）点号坐标值BxyC53384.691039397.0260D53530.56839485.520E53646.11939597.905CH553757.635395

28、19.518CH453641.13039393.334CH353479.33239295.023CH253362.19639261.842CH153146.34739229.362B53133.62539316.725C53384.691039397.0260a（/mm）b（ /mm）近似边长 S sin cos（m）cossinS-S(mm)S * 1000S * 1000170.62030.85510.5185-30.6268-1.0337161.19060.71700.6971-100.8920-0.9175136.30970.8180-0.575123-0.8703-1.2378171

29、.7435-0.6783-0.734811-0.88250.8146189.3242-0.8545-0.51944-0.56590.9310121.7449-0.9621-0.2728-4-0.46221.6300218.279-0.9888-0.1489-7-0.14070.934488.28444-0.14400.9896-262.31210.3364263.5950.95250.304650.2384-0.7453.精品文档由题意，选取A、D、 E、 F、G、H、 I 、CH1、CH2、CH3、CH4、 CH5等 12 个点坐标x, y，AAx , y ， x , y， x , y， x

30、 , y， x , y， x , y， x, y，DDEEFFGGHHIICH 1CH 1xCH 2, y， xCH 3, y， xCH 4, y， xCH 5, y作为参数。CH 2CH 3CH 4CH 5根据以上数据结合以下公式列出了30 个条件方程误差方程系数计算表一方向yxS2xayaxbybCD-88.494-145.87729111.28762.702-115.80689.218-91.732DE-112.385-115,55125982.422 -89.21891.73287.021123.799ECH578.387-111.51618580870.20961237.9897-8

31、70.21-1237.99CH5CH4126.184116.50529496.0015-882.402814.717882.402-814.717CH4CH398.311161.79835843.577-565.739931.081565.739-931.081CH3CH233.181117.13614821.845-461.7561630.098461.756-1630.1CH2CH132.48215.84947645.7218140.611934.441140.6105-934.441CH1B-87.36312.7227794.06466-2312.01-336.6797BC-80.301

32、-251.06669484.96CD-88.504-145.9329128.5902626.713-1033.358DE-112.395-115.60325996.7252-891.772917.22525891.772-917.225EF-71.80381.14411739.9392-1261.54-1425.661261.5441425.661FG-34.341106.25612469.7422-568.043-1757.606568.0431757.606GH38.603118.80315604.2569510.2741-1570.398-510.2741570.398.精品文档HI10

33、8.578105.70722963.1593975.2944-949.5059 -975.294 949.506IA86.982151.71630583.7139-586.6311023.215 586.6306 -1023.21AB153.193-50.988260681212.151 403.44636误差方程系数计算表二方向yxSabECH578.387-111.516136.310.81810579-0.5750642CH5CH4126.184116.505171.744-0.6783643-0.7347214CH4CH398.311161.798189.324-0.854609-0.

34、5192738CH3CH233.181117.136121.745-0.9621422-0.2725451CH2CH132.48215.849218.279-0.9888675-0.1488004CH1B-87.36312.72288.284-0.14410310.98956776BC-80.301-251.066263.60.952450680.30463202CD-88.504-145.93170.6710.855036880.51856496DE-112.395-115.603161.2350.716984530.6970881EF-71.80381.144108.351-0.74889

35、940.66268885FG-34.341106.256111.668-0.95153490.30752767GH38.603118.803124.917-0.9510555-0.3090292HI108.578105.707151.536-0.6975702-0.7165162IA86.982151.716174.882-0.8675335-0.4973754AB153.193-50.988161.4550.31580316-0.9488278.精品文档以下为条件方程的系数矩阵B常数项矩阵.精品文档32.4000-18.7000- 42.800033.600052.9000111.4000-

36、 41.0000- 34.900063.7000- 56.8000- 131.60001.27678.30000.719342.20001.2765- 6.9000-1.725824.30000.6147l2.0395116.9000- 63.3012-1.7126- 49.6381- 2.019523.27910.2652110.5376- 0.5184113.8190- 0.2829- 23.9024BT0.5962W*P*L- 47.04430.2094- 26.4440- 0.1828- 54.00000.7534110.0000- 0.265930.0000- 0.457050.00

37、002.199553.00000.212055.0000*106-1.32400.0009- 0.22050.67200.2561.精品文档由公式NBBBT * P* B10000*.精品文档.精品文档通过计算得1f fm=3Nn11.16个.1P0.360.36.x Ay Ax Dy Dx Ey Ex Fy Fx G14个.0.361.21183.49130.89450.51275.23714.724035.388140.681529.029038.626233.171637.2800 x Iy Ix CH 1y CH 1x CH 2y CH 2x CH 3y CH3x CH44.61961

38、.53740.46853.21623.91263.73401.85124.311010.503411.82744.94574.9235所以y Gy CH4x Hy Hx CH5y CH5.精品文档于是计算的到各点坐标的平差值53082.5992 39469.9025D53530.6219 39485.530553646.2292 39597.929753565.0446 39669.768753458.795 39704.1076H53339.987839665.503353234.3186 39556.8865CH153146.3475 39229.3588CH253362.1999 392

39、61.8383CH353479.3339 39295.0187CH453641.1195 39393.3222CH553757.639939519.5229VTPVV T PV =6.3rn t由Q NBB1得x x点号QxxQyyQxy点号QxxQyyQxyA8.91041.43521.3397I3.08975.5183-0.9831D2.13322.73551.4508CH12.62463.6481-1.7729E2.37739.9624-2.5124CH22.93145.82041.1765F4.59252.97111.2885CH32.66366.3074-1.3169G6.38476.54844.7776CH47.60982.00660.6598H2.88134.08142.9558CH58.32123.6493-0.4061.精品文档点号EF点号EFA6.62 4I6629D9 26.1CH13417E8