英语几大从句

1、1.主语从句1）主语从句可直接位于主语的地点，假如从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常有的句型有：*Itisafactapityaquestiongoodnewsthat.*Itseemsappearshappenedhasturnedoutthat.*Itisclearimportantlikelypossiblethat.*Itissaidreportedestimatedhasbeenprovedthat.Itissaidthatcomicbookscreateaconnectionbetweenpeopleofthesamegeneration.Itseems

2、thattheperformanceisveryuseful.2)what指引的主语从句表示“.的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。Whatwelackisexperience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们指引的主语从句，都用陈述语序。Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.2.宾语从句1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词指引的宾语从句。inthat(因为),excepttha

3、t(除了),butthat(不过）已组成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that指引的宾语从句。*IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation.*AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.*Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.*Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.2)宾语从句后若有宾补，要用形式宾语it来取代，而把宾语从句移至

4、宾补以后。Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，假如谓语能否认的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变为一定形式。Hedidntthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.3.表语从句表语从句出此刻构造为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等指引外，还可由because,asif(though)等指引。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只好用that指引表语从

5、句，不行用because.PerhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica.Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.3.Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.)宾语从句后若有宾补，要用形式宾语it来取代，而把宾语从句移至宾补以后。Hehasmadeitclearth

6、athewouldnotchangehismind.4.同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that指引，因为先行名词的意义不一样，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等指引。常有的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时因为谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语以后。Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.Ihad

7、noideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthechampionship.5.定语从句定语从句所修饰的先行词能够是名词或代词，也能够是一个句子。定语从句往常位于先行词以后，由关系代词或关系副词指引。*限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词以后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完好。指引定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于ofwhich；which用于指物；that既可指人

8、也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了指引定语从句，代替先行词外，还在从句中担当主语、宾语、定语等。ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations.Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,somet

9、hing,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高等修饰时，只好用关系代词that指引从句。ThatisallthatIveheardfromhim.HesthefirstpersonthatImgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.2)关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不行用that，只可用which或whom指引从句，而且不行省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。Thisisoneofthosethi

10、ngswithwhichwehavetoputup.Thisisoneofthosethings(whichthat)wehavetoputupwith.指引定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的构造。Evenincomicbookswhere(=inwhich)therearenowords,thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings.Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.5.定语从句*非限制性定语从句

11、非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起增补说明作用，与主句之间有逗号分开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不行用that指引非限制性定语从句。关系词不行省略。Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull,whichisratherlikemagnetism.*“介词+whichwhomwhose”指引的定语从句“介词+whichwhomwhose”可指引限制性定语从句，也可指引非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。ThisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavingsItiswritt

12、enbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.as指引的定语从句as指引的定语从句主要用于“such.as”及“thesame.as”的构造中，取代先行词是人或物的名词。as指引非限制性定语从句时，取代整个主句，从句可位于主句以前、以后或中间。Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.(as取代先行词problems)Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensheInternet.(as取代主语)ont6.状语从句*时间状语从句指引时间状语从句

13、的附属连词和词组有：1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.2)assoonas,hardly(scarcely).when,nosooner.than,each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等。AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage,Ireceivedpositiveresponses.Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedw

14、ithjoy.*地址状语从句指引地址状语从句的连词是where,wherever.Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.*原由、结果和目的状语从句1）指引原由状语从句的附属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat等。Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoingwell.2)指引结果状语从句的连词有：so.that,such.that,sothat,that,so等。MickeyMouseissoatt

15、ractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave.指引目的状语从句的连词有：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等神态动词。Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation.*条件和退步状语从句1）指引条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so)longas,onconditionthat,incase,provided(providing)that,sup

16、posing等。Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment,youcanuseatelephonelinetotransmitcomputerdata.2)指引退步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,eventhough,evenif,nomatterwhat(when,how.),whatever(whenever,wherever,however.)等。though,evenif等引导状语从句可变换成含有as的部分倒装构造，拥有重申意义。其构造为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,Iwouldnotchangemymind.Youngasheis,heisquiteexperiencedinthiswork.(=thoug