Unit 1单元话题阅读理解专项练习-学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）

1、Unitl单元话题阅读理解专项练习（名校最新真题）(2022湖南师大附中高二期中)Women scientists around the world have made significant contributions to Stem (science, technology, engineering, and maths). Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world.Wu Chienshiung (19121997)Bom in Taicang, Jiangsu province, Wu took part in t

2、he Manhattan Project which helped create the worlds first nuclear weapon. Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity in physics. This breakthrough led to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her male colleagues, but Wus critical role in the work was overlooked.Hedy Lamarr (19142000)Austri

3、a-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor. During the second world war, Lamarr together with George Antheil, a composer, developed a radio guidance system. The principle of their work is part of the basis of Bluetoot

4、h and wireless technology.Katherine Johns (19182020)African American NASA mathematician Johnsons calculations were critical in getting the first US astronauts to space and back safely. During her 33-year career at NASA, Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referre

5、d to as a human computer”.Tu Youyou (1930)Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, Tu shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two other foreign scientists, for her work in discovering artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria. Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world. Tu

6、is the first Chinese Nobel winner in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the PRC to win a Nobel Prize.Besides being an inventor, Hedy Lamarr is also a(n).A. composerB. producerC. actressD. mathematicianWhat is Tu Youyous greatest contribution to the world?A.She treated people for

7、cancer.B.She is the first Chinese Nobel winner.C.Her discovery helped save millions.D.Her research project is one of a kind.What do the four female scientists have in common according to the text?A.They shared the same interest.B.They each constructed a theory.C.They were all awarded the NobelPrize.

8、D.They all made a difference to the world.(2022全国高二课时练习)Three scientists who played central roles in the discovery of the hepatitis C virus (丙型肝炎病毒)have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020. This prize will be shared by参考答案：C2. C3. D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主耍介绍了 4名改变世界的女性科学家。.细节理解题。根据 H

9、edy Lamarr （19142000）中的“Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor.（奥地利出生的拉玛出演了许多好莱 坞电影，并取得了巨大的成功。她还非常聪明，是一个自学成才的创造家）”可知，除了是一个创造家，海 蒂拉玛也是一个女演员。应选C。.细节理解题。根据 Tu Youyou （1930）中的“Her work has saved millions of live

10、s all over the world.（她的工 作拯救了全世界数百万人的生命）”可知，屠呦呦对世界最大的贡献是她的发现帮助拯救了数百万人。应选 Co.细节理解题。根据第一段“Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world.（下面是四位打破界 限、改变世界的人广可知，这四位女科学家共同之处是她们都对世界产生了影响。应选D。C5. A6. A7. D【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了 2020年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖近日揭晓，获奖者是三位在发现丙型肝 炎病毒的过程中做出重大贡献的科学家。细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句话“

11、Three scientists who played central roles in the discovery of the hepatitis C virus （丙型肝炎病毒）have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020.（三位在发 现丙型肝炎病毒中发挥核心作用的科学家被授予2020年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）”可知，三位科学家的重要 发现是丙型肝炎病毒。应选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句话“In the 1980s, Houghton managed to isolate （别离）the genet

12、ic sequence of the virus, while Rice proved that the pathogen （病原体）could replicate and cause infection. （20 世名己 80年代，Houghton成功别离出了病毒的基因序列，而Rice证明了这种病原体可以复制并引起感染户可知， Houghton成功地别离出了丙型肝炎病毒的基因序列。应选Ao段落大意题。根据第三段第一句话The Nobel Assembly said the three researchers had contributed to a landmark achievement

13、in the ongoing battle against viral diseases”.（诺贝尔奖大会表示，这三位研究人员为“正 在进行的抗击病毒性疾病的斗争中取得了里程碑式的成就）”以及第三段全文可知，本段主要介绍了诺贝尔 奖大会丙型肝炎病毒的发现的意义。丙型肝炎病毒的发现使研制新药成为可能，从而挽救了数百万人的性 命。应选A。.词义猜想题。根据划线单词前一句话The assembly said that the discoveries performed by the newly minted Nobel Laureates also allowed for the rapid dev

14、elopment of antiviral drugs directed at hepatitis C.（大会说，新中选 的诺贝尔奖获得者的发现也使针对丙型肝炎的抗病毒药物得以迅速开展）”以及划线单词的前半句话“For the first time in history, the disease can now be cured（历史上，这种疾病第一次可以治愈）“可知，丙肝可以被治 疗，为在全人类中根除丙型肝炎病毒带来了希望。可推测画线单词意为“消除”。应选D。B9. A10. Bll. C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 Joan Hinton的生平，不管作为一名核物理专家还是从事牛

15、奶行业，她 都竭尽全力。句猜想题。根据第一段划线单词后的主句she was de印ly shocked when the U.S. dropped two bombs in Japan in 1945 during World WarlL（但当1945年第二次世界大战期间，美国向日本投下两颗炸弹时，她感到 深深的震惊。户以及下一句She then quit the project and left the U.S.（然后她退出了这个工程，离开了美国。）” 可知，她对美国的行径感到震惊，也深深愧疚，所以她离开了美国。而划线单词前用了“even”，说明划线 单词的意思和愧疚相反，也就是说对工程的成

16、功她还是感到高兴的。选项AShowed surprise about.（对感到惊讶）选项BTelt joy at.（对 感到高兴）；选项Expressed anger over.（对 愤怒）”;选项 D“Showed disappointment with （对感到失望）应选 Bo理判断题。根据第三段“The villagers treated the U.S. scientist like they would be a family member.（村民 们对待这位美国科学家就像对待自己的家人一样。厂可推断，村民们对她很友善。应选A。细节理解题。根据第四段“Hinton, who held

17、 high hopes of making milk available to the Chinese population, devoted herself to the improvement of agricultural machinery and the milk industry at large. She applied her scientific skills to developing a continuous-flow automatic milk pasteurizer （巴氏杀菌机）and tending to about 200 cows in the follow

18、ing years.（Hinton对向中国人民提供牛奶寄予厚望，她致力于改进农业机械和整个牛奶工 业。她运用自己的科学技能开发了一种连续流动的自动牛奶巴氏杀菌机，并在接下来的几年里饲养了大约 200头奶牛。户可知，她推进了奶牛饲养业的开展。应选B。主旨大意题。文章第一段主要介绍了 Joan Hinton作为一名核物理学家看到美国向日本投下炸弹之后， 就退出了曼哈顿计划，离开了美国；文章第二段到第四段主要介绍了 JoanHinton在中国的生活；文章最后 一段对Joan Hinton进行了综合评价。所以，这篇文章主要就是介绍了 Joan Hinton。应选C。BADC【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章

19、主要介绍了被誉为“物理学第一夫人”及“核物理女王”的物理学家吴健雄的信息，受 教育经历以及取得的学术成就。.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Afterlearning that women were disrespected at the University of Michigan, she instead chose to go to the University of California Berkley.（在得知密歇根大学不尊重女性后，她转而选择了加 州大学伯克利分校）”可知，吴健雄选择在加州大学伯克利分校学习的原因是她希望得到平等对待。应选B。.推理判断题。根据第二段中“During he

20、r earlier life in China, she had been an outstanding student whose love of learning had been encouraged by her father. By the time she arrived in the United States, she had already stood out in her undergraduate academic work and later during post-graduate research. At Berkley, she benefited from wo

21、rking with some of the top physicists in the country at that time.（在中国的早期生活中，她是一个优秀的学 生，她对学习的热爱得到了父亲的鼓励。当她到达美国时，她已经在本科学术工作中脱颖而出，后来又在 研究生研究中脱颖而出。在伯克利大学，她从与当时国内顶尖物理学家的合作中受益匪浅）可推断出，吴 健雄学习成绩很好。应选A。.词句猜想题。根据划线单词上文“The Wu Experiment smoothed the way fbr her two colleagues to earn the Nobel Prize（吴健雄的实验为她的

22、两位同事获得诺贝尔奖铺平了道路）”和下文“because she is a woman（因为 她是一个女人）“可知，吴健雄和两个同事合作，她的两个同事获得了诺贝尔奖，结合划线单词所在句子“an award for which she was overlooked（一个她被 的奖）“可推知，吴健雄和两名男性同事一起合作，但是两 名同事获得了诺贝尔奖，而她因为是女性，所以被忽视，没有获得诺贝尔奖，由此可知，划线单词“overlooked” 意为“忽略，不考虑”，与D项“Removed.（除去广意思相近。应选D。.推理判断题 o 根据最后段中“She continued advancing her

23、work in nuclear physics for many years and later joined in protecting womens rights.（她多年来一直致力于核物理研究，后来加入了保护妇女权利的行列）可 知，作为一个科学家，吴健雄是一个全心全意献身于科学的科学家。应选C。D17. D18. B19. C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主耍讲述了张海迪身残志坚，如何克服自身残疾并实现自我突破从而帮助了更多残疾人 的故事。.细节理解题。由文章第二自然段 “There was no hospital and the villagers had to walk more than

24、 10 km to see a doctor.”（村子里没有医院，村民们不得不步行10多公里去看医生。）和She decided to make a change.She read medical books and practiced acupuncture on herself.（她决定做出改变。她阅读医学书籍，并在自己身 上练习针灸。）可知张海迪学医的原因是，村子里缺少医疗服务。应选D。.细节理解题。 由文章第三自然段 “To learn a new English word, she had to repeat it as many as 200 times.（为了 学习一个新的英语单

25、词，她必须重复 200 次。）和“To expand her vocabulary, she wrote words on desks, mirrors and even lamps so she could recite them anytime anywhere. （为了扩大词汇量，她把单词写在桌 子、镜子甚至台灯上，这样她就可以随时随地背诵单词了。）可知，她学习英语单词的秘诀是尽可能屡次 重复新单词。应选D。.主旨大意题。由文章最后一个自然段以及本段第三句话“She has been using her position and influence to call for more ri

26、ghts for people with disabilities.（她一直利用自己的地位和影响力为残疾人争取更多的权利。） 可知，该自然段通过举例子等方式主要讲述了她对残疾人所做出的贡献。应选B。.主旨大意题。根据第一自然段最后一句话However, with a strong will, she has extended the meaning of her life in many possible ways, and achieved much more than one might think is possible.（然而，凭借坚强的意 志，她以许多可能的方式扩展了自己生命的意义，

27、并取得了超出人们能想象到的成就。）可知，本篇文章主 要讲述了张海迪突破自我，将不可能变为可能的故事。应选C。BCCB【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位备受尊敬的科学家Richard Phillips Feynman,介绍了他的个人经历 以及取得的成就。20.细节理解题。根据第四段中After the war, Feynman taught at Cornell University, where he continued his studies. He was also awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in particle physics.（

28、战后，费曼在康奈尔大学任教，继续他的 学业。他还因在粒子物理学方面的工作而获得诺贝尔奖）“可知，费曼是在战后获得诺贝尔奖的。应选B。 21.细节理解题。本艮据第三段中“Despite the fact that his grades in science and math were “the best that weve seen,” according to Princeton, he was almost rejected due to his very poor grades in writing and his Jewish religion.（尽管 他在科学和数学方面的成绩是“我们见

29、过的最好的但根据普林斯顿大学的说法，他几乎被拒绝，因为他 在写作方面的成绩很差，以及他的犹太信仰）”可知，费曼被普林斯顿录取是因为他在数学和科学方面很有 天赋。应选C。22.推理判断题。根据第二段中“But young Feynman showed a talent for math and engineering.（但年轻的费曼在数 学和工程方面表现出 了天赋）”以及第三段中“Despite the fact that his grades in science and math were the best that weve seen,“ according to Princeton, h

30、e was almost rejected due to his very poor grades in writing and his Jewish religion.（尽管他在科学和数学方面的成绩是“我们见过的最好的”，但根据普林斯顿大学的说法，他 几乎被拒绝，因为他在写作方面的成绩很差，以及他的犹太信仰厂可知，他很聪明；结合第四、五段可看 出费曼从普林斯顿大学读博到之后工作都致力于研究物理、教授物理。由此可知，Richard Feynman聪明且 专注。应选C。主旨大意题。根据最后一段Then, in 1978, Feynman developed cancer and died a y

31、ear later. Though Feynman and his work are honored by physicists across the world, his personal qualities and skills are what really makes him unique. Faced with all the challenges, he never gave up, doing work that he loved until the day he died.（1978 年, 费曼罹患癌症，一年后去世。虽然费曼和他的工作受到全世界物理学家的尊敬，但他的个人品质和技

32、能才 是真正让他与众不同的。面对所有的挑战，他从未放弃，做着他热爱的工作，直到他去世的那一天）及下 文陈述可知，作者描述了物理科学家费曼的成长过程以及伟大成就，在最后一段点出费曼的成就举世瞩目， 被全球物理学家所敬重。由此可知，B选项“理查德费曼一位受人尊敬的科学家”最符合文章标题。故 选BoACBD【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要表达了在美国前途无量的施一公，因为无法割舍的爱国之情，毅然告别美国， 回到中国，为祖国服务，实现自己的中国梦。24.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段After returning to China, he devoted all his energy, worked li

33、ke crazy, and determined to do something big. He formed a life science research team. Every day, he works 12 to 16 hours at his laboratory.（回至中国后，他投入了全部的精力，疯狂地工作，并决心做一番大事业。他组建了一个生命科学 研究小组。他每天在实验室工作12到16个小时户可知，施一公回到祖国之后，努力做科学研究，目的是 为自己的祖国做贡献，服务祖国服务人民。应选A项。25.词句猜想题。根据第二段“In the United States, he had a

34、 great future ahead. At the age of 36, he became the youngest professor in the history of the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University, for his academic achievements. At40,hebecameatenured（终身的）chairprofessoratPrinceton.（在美国，他前途无量。36 岁时， 他成为普林斯顿大学分子生物系历史上最年轻的教授，因为他的学术成就。40岁时，他成为普林斯顿大学

35、的终身教授）”及第三段When everything seemed perfect and admirable to others, he firmly decided to say goodbye to Princeton University, to an affluent life in the United States, and return to China.（当切在另U人看来 似乎都是完美和令人钦佩的时候，他坚定地决定告别普林斯顿大学，告别在美国的affluent生活，回到中 国户可知，施一公在美国有着非凡的学术成就，并最终成为普林斯顿大学的终身教授，有着完美的令人钦 佩的生活，

36、可推断他告别的是美国“富足的”生活；wealthy意为“富裕的”，与affluent意思接近。应选C项。 26.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“So far as V m concerned, awards are of no special meaning/ Shi says calmly.（在 我看来，奖项没有什么特别的意义施一公平静地说）”可知，施一公并不在乎自己获得的奖项，也就是不 在乎奖项所代表的名声。应选B项。推理判断题。根据侄I数第二段“He is Shi Yigong, nicknamed cDa Niu, （someone with extraordinary achieveme

37、nts） by Tsinghua students.（他就是施一公，被清华学子戏称为“大牛”（有非凡成就的人）广可知，他的学生给他 取名“大牛”是为了显示他非凡的成就。应选D项。BCDA【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了中国医学科学家、药剂师和教育家屠呦呦发现青蒿素及青蒿素对于医学的重 大作用。.细节理解题。根据第段“The discovery of artemisinin and its treatment of malaria are regarded as a significant breakthrough of tropical medicine in the 20th centur

38、y and health improvement for people of tropical developing countries in South Asia, Africa, and South America青蒿素的发现及其对疟疾的治疗被认为是20世纪热带医 学的重大突破，也是南亚、非洲和南美热带开展中国家人民健康改善的重大突破户可知，青蒿素的发现对 于热带地区的人们有益处。应选B项。.主旨大意题。根据第二段“For her work, Tu received the 2011 Lasker Award in Clinical Medicine and the 2015 Nobel

39、prize in Physiology or Medicine. The Nobel Committee puts Tus work well by writing: Malaria infects close to 200 million individuals yearly. Artemisinin is used in all malaria-ridden parts of the world. When used in combination treatment, it is estimated to reduce the death rate from malaria by more

40、 than 20% overall and by more than 30% in children. For Africa alone, this means that more than 100,000 lives are saved each year.”（由于她的工 作，屠获得了 2011年拉斯克临床医学奖和2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。诺贝尔委员会认为屠的工作很 好：“疟疾每年感染近2亿人。青蒿素在世界上所有疟疾肆虐的地区都被使用。当用于联合治疗时，估计总 体上可将疟疾死亡率降低20%以上，儿童死亡率降低30%以上。仅就非洲而言，这意味着每年就有10多 万人获救。可知，屠呦呦发现青

41、蒿素，可以降低疟疾死亡率，拯救很多人的生命，所以本段主要讲述了 屠呦呦的成就。应选C项。.推理判断题。根据第三段“Not only is Tu the first Chinese Nobel laureate in natural science, but also the first Nobel laureate who received all scientific training in China. The award she won made Chinese scientists gain tremendous confidence.（屠不仅是中国第一位自然科学诺贝尔奖获得者，也是第

42、一位在中国接受过所有科学 训练的诺贝尔奖获得者。她获得的奖项使中国科学家获得了极大的信心）“可知，屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖使中 国科学家获得了极大的信心，为许多中国科学家树立了好的典范。应选D项。.推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is my dream that Chinese medicine will help us conquer life-threatening diseases worldwide, and people across the globe will enjoy its benefits for health promotion,Tu wrote.（屠写道： “我的梦想是，中

43、医药将帮助我们在全球范围内战胜威胁生命的疾病，全球人民将享受其促进健康的益处J）” 可知，屠呦呦在自然杂志上表述了中医药促进健康的作用，表达了她对于中医药的热情。应选A项。Michael Houghton, from the United Kingdom, and United States scientists Harvey J. Alter and Charles M. Rice, who all made notable contributions toward the discovery of the blood-born virus that causes chronic （慢性的）

44、liver problems.Alter demonstrated in the 1970s that some people who received blood transfusions （输血）would develop cases of hepatitis that were not caused by the hepatitis A or B viruses, suggesting that another infectious agent was to blame. In the 1980s, Houghton managed to isolate （别离）the genetic

45、sequence of the virus, while Rice proved that the pathogen（病原体）could replicate and cause infection. The World Health Organization estimates that around 71 million people worldwide live with hepatitis C, which can cause major liver complications （并发症）and, in some cases, death.The Nobel Assembly said

46、the three researchers had contributed to a landmark achievement in the ongoing battle against viral diseases. The discovery ofhepatitis C virus revealed the cause of the remaining cases of chronic hepatitis and made blood tests and new medicines that have saved millions of lives possible,the assembl

47、y said in a statement. Thanks to their discovery, highly sensitive blood tests for the virus are now available and these have essentially eliminated post-transfusion hepatitis in many parts of the world, greatly improving global health. The assembly said that the discoveries performed by the newly m

48、inted Nobel Laureates also allowed for the rapid development of antiviral drugs directed at hepatitis C. For the first time in history, the disease can now be cured, raising hopes of eradicating hepatitis C virus from the world population”, the statement said.The award for physiology and medicine is

49、 the first of the Nobel Prizes to be handed out this year, with prizes in physics, chemistry, literature, peace and economics to follow during the next seven days.What was the important discovery of three scientists?A. The hepatitis A virusB , The hepatitis B virusC. The hepatitis C virus.D. The ris

50、k of blood transfusions.Who succeeded in extracting the sequence of the virus?A. Michael HoughtonB . Harvey J. AlterCharles M. RiceThe World Health OrganizationWhafs the main idea of Paragraph 3?The significance of the discovery.The course of the discovery.The disadvantage of the discovery.The harm

51、of the hepatitis.What does the underlined word eradicating” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Discovering.B. Knowing.C. Analysing.D. Getting rid of.（2022四川广安高二期末）In 1945, 23-year-old Joan Hinton was one of the few female nuclear physicists joining in the Manhattan Project, an American project set up i

52、n 1942 to develop an atom bomb. Even as she rejoiced in the projects success, she was deeply shocked when the U.S. dropped two bombs in Japan in 1945 during World War IL She then quit the project and left the U.S.In 1948, she managed to travel to Yanan, where she married her boyfriend Erwin Engst. H

53、er husband got his first impressions of China from the book Red Star Over China by Edgar Snow. He came to China as a member of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration in 1946 and went on to serve as an expert on farm equipment in Yanan. My father kept on writing letters to my mom

54、, telling her to come to China and that China was about to climb a hill. If you arrive late, youll miss the busJ Fred Engst, son of Hinton, said.Hinton and her husband lived a simple life in China. During her time in Yanan, she only stood out as a foreigner, dressed in ordinary clothes. The villager

55、s treated the U.S. scientist like they would be a family member. During one Chinese New Years party in the village she lived in, Hinton shared her sense of humor by amusing the locals with her performances using a northern Shaanxi dialect （方言）.The couple witnessed the establishment of the Peoples Re

56、public of China in 1949. Hinton, who held high hopes of making milk available to the Chinese population, devoted herself to the improvement of agricultural machinery and the milk industry at large. She applied her scientific skills to developing a continuous-flow automatic milk pasteurizer （巴氏杀菌机）an

57、d tending to about 200 cows in the following years.Hinton was truly devoted to everything she did, whether in nuclear physics or the milk industry.What does the underlined part rejoiced irT in paragraph 1 mean?A. Showed surprise about.B. Felt joy at.C. Expressed anger over.D. Showed disappointment w

58、ith.What is the villagers9 attitude to the U.S. scientists in China?A. Friendly.B. Rude.C. Concerned. D. Uncaring.What contribution did Hinton make to China?A. She contributed the development of nuclear physics.B , She pushed forward the development of cattle farming.C. She helped cows give birth to

59、 more healthy babies.D. She made all Chinese people enjoy the benefits of drinking milk.What can be the best title for the text?Joan Hinton set up a project in China.Joan Hinton improved Shaanxi dialect.The introduction to Joan Hinton.Joan Hinton persuaded Chinese people to drink milk.（2022宁夏银川唐彳来回民

60、中学高二期末）Known as the “First Lady of Physics and Queen of Nuclear （原 子核）Research, Chien-Shiung Wu was born in China in 1912 and came to the United States in 1936 to take part in the doctorate（博士） rogram in nuclear physics at the University of Michigan. After learning that women were disrespected at th