中医英语翻译概论课件

1、TCM Translation Theory 中医英语翻译理论1 中医翻译概论1.1 仿造翻译 SL 的無等值词汇時，用 TL 中的直接对应词代換無等值词汇的組成部分 (词素 / 词)借用英语中已有的相关單词來表达中医学特有的概念肝血liver blood血虚blood deficiency活血化瘀activating blood to resolve stagnation1 中医翻译概论1.1 仿造句子层次的翻译也能运用仿造法從阴阳翻则生，逆之翻则死。Following (the law of) yin and yang ensures life, while violating it le

2、ads to death.阴虚翻则热，阳虚翻则寒。Deficiency of yin generates heat and deficiency of yang produces cold.1 中医翻译概论1.2 定义化中医术语高度凝煉，难以用同樣長短的英语表达清楚翻译往往以解釋、定义方式進行辨证论治diagnosis and treatment based on the overall analysis of symptoms and signs虚脹Flatulence due to yang-deficiency of the spleen and kidney1 中医翻译概论1.3 词义

3、分化同一中医术语在不同语境下，可以有不同涵义 (一词多义 polysemy)同一概念也可用不同术语表达 (同义词 synonymy)虚asthenia, deficiency, insufficiency, weakness, debility, hypofunction1 中医翻译概论1.3 词义分化脾虚asthenia of the spleen (Li)spleen vacuity (Wiseman)spleen deficiency (WHO draft)*脾虚水泛hypofunction of the spleen* (Li)体虚weakness / debility1 中医翻译概论

4、1.3 词义分化 (續)必須考虑语境c) 脈理精微，其体难辨。精 指精深The theory of pulse is very profound and the conditions of pulse are difficult to differentiate.1 中医翻译概论1.4 拼音化當英语無法表达中医特有概念時，用拼音翻译气Vital energy *Qi动笔！ which term(s) should be phonetically transcribed?四气五味four properties and five tastes (Li)four natures and five f

5、lavors (Wiseman)滋阴降火nourishing yin to reduce fireenriching yin and downbearing fire2 中医翻译的困难2.1 词汇缺口 (lexical gap)翻译人員各有不同考虑、偏好五行five elements, five phases, wuxing命門gate of life, vital gate, vitaport, mingmen三焦three warmers, triple burners, three heaters, triple energizers, sanjiao五脏five solid organ

6、s, five bowels, five zang-organs, five zang-visceras, wuzang2 中医翻译的困难2.2 理解偏差历時、文化因素，使得术语理解困难失笑散Powder for Lost Smiles*Sudden Smile Powder黃帝內经Yellow Emperors Internal Medicine *(Huangdis) Canon of MedicineHuangdis Classics on MedicineHuangdis Internal ClassicHuangdi Neijing2 中医翻译的困难重要经典译名舉隅素問Plain Q

7、uestions, Elementary Questions灵樞Miraculous Pivot, Pivotal Axis, Magic Pivot类经Systematic Compilation of the Internal Classic,Classified Canon难经Difficult Classic*, Classic on Medical Problems*Classic of Difficult Issues伤寒杂病论Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous DiseasesOn Cold Damage and Miscellaneous

8、 Diseases金匱要略Synopsis of Golden ChamberImportant Strategies from the Golden ChestEssential Prescription of the Golden Coffer2 中医翻译的困难重要经典译名舉隅神農本草经Shen Nongs Herbal, The HerbalThe Canon on Medicinal HerbsDivine Husbandmans Herbal Foundation Canon本草綱目Compendium of Materia MedicaComprehensive Herbal Fo

9、undation本草備要Essentials of Materia MedicaEssential Herbal Foundation瀕湖脈学The Pulse Studies of Bin-huBin-hu Sphygmology2 中医翻译的困难重要经典译名舉隅 (續)時病论On Seasonal Diseases傅青主女科Fu Qing-zhus Obstetrics and Gynecology洗冤集錄Instruction to CoronersRecords of Redressing Wronged Cases外台祕要Medical Secrets of an Official

10、*Secret Prescriptions Collected when Off-Duty *Essential Secrets from Outside the Metropolis *Essential Secrets from the Imperial Library3 中医翻译实踐3.1 借用西醫术语动笔！心悸便秘便溏遺尿黃疸納呆palpitationconstipationloose / sloppy stoolenuresis / incontinence*jaundiceanorexia*, poor appetite / torpid intake3 中医翻译实踐3.2 直译动

11、笔！阴阳失調脾失健运肝不藏血胃失和降肾阳不足yin-yang disharmony / imbalance between yin and yangspleen failing to move and transform / dysfunction of spleen; failure of spleen in transportationliver failing to store blood / inability of the liver to store bloodimpaired harmonious downbearing of the stomach / failure of g

12、astric qi to descendinsufficiency of kidney yang / insufficiency of renal yang3 中医翻译实踐3.3 意译天行赤眼acute contagious conjunctivitis vs.heaven-current red eye纏腰火丹herpes zoster around the waist vs.girdling fire cinnabar子盜母气child-organ disorder involving its mother organ vs.child steals the mothers qi3 中医翻

13、译实踐3.4 音意結合元气primordial qi, original qi, congenital qi正气healthy qi, right qi, genuine qi, vital qi宗气pectoral qi, thoracic qi, ancestral qi中气gastrosplenic qi*, middle qi, center qi營气nutrient qi, construction qi肾气kidney-qi, renal qi*三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)三焦，是中医学脏腑学說中一個特有的名词。The term, triple war

14、mer, is peculiar to TCM.三焦是上焦、中焦、下焦的合稱，為六腑之一。It is a collective name of the upper, middle and lower warmer and is one of the six bowels.关於三焦的型態与实質，中医界眾說紛紜，至今尚無定论。In the field of TCM, no unanimous conclusion has been drawn about the form and crux of the triple warmer.三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)一般認為

15、，三焦是包羅人体所有內脏的一個大脏，It is generally recognized that “triple warmer” is a large bowel containing all the internal organs.如明張介賓說：三焦者，確有一腑，蓋脏腑之外，軀殼之內，包羅諸脏，一腔之大腑也。For instance, Zhang Jiebin, a medical man in the Ming dynasty, said, “Triple warmer is, in fact, a bowel. It is outside all the viscera and bow

16、els but within the body, contains all the other organs and is the largest bowel within the body cavity.”三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)在中医理论中，三焦也是劃分軀体部位的一個概念。In the theory of TCM the term “triple warmer” is also used to locate the body parts.即膈以上的部位為上焦，包括心、肺；膈以下、臍以上的部位為中焦，包括脾、胃；臍以下為下焦，包括肝、肾、大小肠、膀胱、女子胞

17、等。The upper warmer is the portion of the body cavity above the diaphragm which houses the heart and the lung. The middle warmer is the portion between the diaphragm and umbilicus (navel) which houses the spleen and the stomach. The lower warmer is the portion below the umbilicus which houses the liv

18、er, the kidney, the urinary bladder, the intestines and the uterus.三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)三焦的生理功能，总的來說，是总司人体气化。Generally speaking, the physiological functions of triple warmer control the activities of the qi of the human body.分开來說，上焦主呼吸、主宣发 (实指心、肺的功能)，即把積於胸中的气宣布、布达全身，若霧露之溉，故稱上焦如霧；The upper wa

19、rmer controls respiration, and activates the flow of vital energy, blood and body fluid (referring to, in fact, the functions of the heart and lung), i.e., it disperses pectoral qi accumulated in the chest to all parts of the body just as fog and dew moisten the earth. This is why TCM says that “The

20、 upper warmer is like a sprinkler for distributing nutrients and qi.”三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)动笔！中焦主运 (实指脾、胃的功能)，即腐熟水谷，运化精微，以化气血，故喻之為中焦如漚；The middle warmer functions in transportation and transformation (referring to in fact, the functions of the spleen and stomach), i.e. it ferments water and f

21、ood and transports and transforms food essence in order to produce vital energy and blood. Therefore, it is likened to a fermentation tun, where food is digested.三焦the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)三焦的這些生理功能，实際上是体內各脏腑功能的总合。In fact, all these physiological functions of the triple warmer are the sum total of

22、 the activities of all the viscera and bowels in the body.在病理上，上、中、下三焦异常所出現的病证，实際上也是各部位脏腑功能的异常表現。Pathologically, diseases (disease patterns) due to an abnormality of upper, or middle, or lower warmer are manifestations of dysfunctions of the viscera or bowels within it.肺与脾The relationship between th

23、e lung and the spleenPhysiologically, two aspects are involved in the relationship between the lung and the spleen.The lung and the spleen are physiologically related in two ways.One is the production of the pectoral qi.The lung is responsible for inhaling fresh air and the spleen for absorbing food

24、 nutrients through transportation and transformation.The accumulation of the fresh air and food nutrients in the chest eventually transforms into the pectoral qi.肺与脾The relationship between the lung and the spleenThus the normal function of the lung and the spleen are prerequisite to sufficient prod

25、uction of the pectoral qi.Normal functioning of the lung and the spleen are thus essential for sufficient production of (the) pectoral qi.Sufficient production of (the) pectoral qi depends on the normal functioning of the lung and the spleen.The other is the metabolism of fluid.The other involves the metabolism of fluid.肺与脾The relationship between the lung and the spleenThe spleen absorbs and transports water and the lung distributes water to all parts of the body, both of which are important to the met