中英语言对比Chapter 3课件

Chapter3

Primalwordsandsecondarywordsgirlmountainincrediblemumble望風

鳥

愛

苗一馬

魚

biggerwaterteacherbitterAmongthewordsabove,whichareprimalwords,andwhicharesecondary?EnglishPrimalwordsSimple,derivativeandcompoundwordsgirl,teacher,handbagInEnglish,simplewordsareprimalwords.TheyarealmostallofGermanicorigin(exceptformountain).Thereisgenerallynodirectrelation(otherthanonomatopoeias)betweentheprimalwordsandtheobjectstheysignify.ChineseprimalwordsPictographiccharacters,associativecompounds,self-explanatorycharacters,andphonograms.人，采，本，踢InChinese,mostprimalwordsarepictographsdevelopedfromsymbolicpictures,orwithformalmotivations.Intermedius

summaryChineseprimalwordsareofformal(image)motivation.AndthecreationofEnglishprimalwordsisarbitrary.Primalwordsandsecondarywordsteach→

teacher hand,bag→handbagNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization→NATOcamera+phone→camphone(能摄像的手机)psychological+war→psywar(心理战)telephone→phone人：老人，好人，坏人，诗人经济适用房：经适房可爱+娇媚→爱娇佳士得(CHRISTIE‘S

)露华浓(Revlon)FormationofsecondarywordsCombiningShorteningConversionBorrowingAnalogyCombiningAffixationCompoundingCombining:AffixationAffixationmeansputtingarootandanaffix,ortworootstogethertoformanewword.TheEncyclopediaofEnglish(1978):108prefixes,181suffixes《英文部首字典》(1992)：156prefixes,198suffixes《英文词缀字典》(2009)：174prefixes,53suffixes-er:reader,worker,cooker,liar,truther,birther-ist:artist,scientist,economist者：读者，作者，笔者，学者，使者，目击者夫：农夫，伙夫，马夫，挑夫，脚夫，贩夫郎：货郎，伴郎，放牛郎，读书郎，女郎士；民；族；霸；粉；童；将；客；司；陪；同peoplewhodoubttheofficialexplanationofthe9.11incidentpeoplewhoholdthatObamawasnotborninUSandsowasnotalegitimatecandidateforpresidentExamples现在是新社会了，穷的，弱的都有活路！你看那一个个有钱的，还不都积极参与慈善事业那！没有药，受伤的就得等死。thesickthepoortherichthewoundedCompoundingspeed-dial,greenwash,spellbinder,win-win,zero-sum,twitterverseElectionspeak,bureauspeak,eurospeak,netspeak,educationspeak语言，里外，挑剔，光荣粉红，飞快，古代，冰凉年轻，地震，国营，心虚垫肩，枕木，说话，安心说服、落实、打倒，纠正CompoundorparallelModifier+modifiedSubject+predicateVerb+objectVerb+complementShorteningAcronymBlendingClippingAcronym金砖四国：Brazil,Russia,IndiaandChina(BRIC,soundslikeBrick).金猪四国：Portugal,Italy,GreeceandSpain(PIGS)业主：物业的主人（propertyowner）=野猪Blendingmotel:motor+hotel 汽车旅店Brunch:breakfast+lunch 早午餐medicare:medical+care 医疗cineplex:crunk:orature:smilence:vegeteal:cinema+complex综合影院crazy+drunk发酒疯的oral+culture口头文化smile+silence笑而不语vegetable+steal偷菜Clippingdoc:doctor auto:automobiledept:department lab:laboratoryplane:airplane fridge:refrigeratorfreshies:freshmen 2day:today gr8:greatShorteningofChinesewords最牛钉子户→牛钉申报世界文化遗产→申遗特区首席行政长官→特首师兄+师弟→师兄弟身体好+工作好+学习好→三好五官→耳目喉鼻舌人艰不拆→不明觉厉→人生已经如此艰难，有些事情还是不要拆穿。虽然我不明白你在说什么，但是我觉得很厉害的样子。ConversioninEnglishInastrictsense,conversionisnotameansofformingnewwordsbutanimportantwayofextendingtheusageofexitingwords.

wait:v.→n.Hedidn’tgetthejobuntilafterfiveyears’wait.

yahoo:n.→v.Didyouyahootoday?Frequent:adj.→n.Heisafrequentatthisrestaurant.ConversioninChinese狗不理，含笑，包打听，老来俏，勿忘我，热得快，争上游，映山红，二人转，不求人，痰咳净，自来熟。BorrowinginEnglishFrenchoriginpork,veal,beef,journey,mall,bargainLatinoriginadjacent,continue,locate,apronChineseoriginbonsai(盆栽),litchi(荔枝),tea(茶),typhoon(台风),tunka(冬瓜),yangko(秧歌)Japaneseoriginsoba(荞面),sudoku(数独)，edamame（盐水毛豆)BorrowinginChinese

几何，浪漫，幽默，逻辑贝雷帽，三文鱼，香槟酒，比萨饼，艾滋病蛋黄派，草莓派茶吧，咖啡吧，氧吧，餐吧，健身吧，陶吧嘉年华（carnival）：firstcantonese；比基尼汤豪宅：