综英第三版第四册-UNIT6-Chinese-food课文翻译

ChineseFood"Fewthingsinlifeareaspositiveasfood,oraretakenasintimatelyandcompletelybytheindividual.Onecanlistentomusic,butthesoundmayenterinoneearandgooutthroughtheother;onemaylistentoalectureor.conversation,andday-dreamaboutmanyotherthings;onemayattendtomattersofbusiness,andone'sheartorinterestmaybealtogetherelsewhere...Inthematteroffoodandeatinghoweveronecanhardlyremaincompletelyindifferenttowhatoneisdoingforlong.Howcanoneremainentirelyindifferenttosomethingwhichisgoingtoenterone'sbodyandbecomepartofoneself?Howcanoneremainindifferenttosomethingwhichwilldetermineone'sphysicalstrengthandultimatelyone'sspiritualandmoralfibreandwell-being?"--KennethLo“生活中很少有什么东西像食物这样真切实在，或者说那么彻底的为个人接纳吸收。一个人可能在听音乐，但是音乐可以从一只耳朵进从另一只耳朵出；一个人可以在听讲座时胡.时，一个人几乎不可能长时间的对自己正在做的事完全无动于衷。一个人怎么能对即将进入身体并成为身体一部分的东西保持绝对的无动于衷呢？一个人怎么能对即将决定自己体力以及最终决定自己的精神和道德品质以及幸福安康的东西无动于衷呢？——肯尼斯·洛ThisisaneasyquestionforaChinesetoask,butaWesternermightfinditdifficulttoanswer.ManypeopleintheWestaregourmetsandothersaregluttons,butscatteredamongthemalsoisalargenumberofpeoplewhoareapparentlyprettyindifferenttowhatgoesintotheirstomachs,anddonotregardfoodashavinganyultimatemoraleffectonthem.How,theymightask,couldeatingahamburgerordrinkingCocaColacontributeanythingtomakingyouasaintorasinner?Forthem,foodisquitesimplyafuel.这是一个中国人常问的问题，而西方人却很难作答。在西方，很多人都是美食家，还有其他一些是暴饮暴食者，而混杂于这两者中间的还有一种对吃进肚子的食物漠不关心的。这些人也许会问，吃一个汉堡，喝点可口可乐就会变成圣人或罪人？对于他们来说，食物就是一种能量。KennethLo,however,expressesapointofviewthatisprofoundlydifferentandtypicallyChinese,derivingfromthousandsofyearsoftradition.TheLondonrestaurateurFuTong,forexample,quotesnolessanauthoritythanConfucius(theancientSageknowninChineseasK'ung-Fu-Tzu)withregardtotheprimalimportanceoffood.Food,saidthesage,isthefirsthappiness.FuTongadds:"Foodtomycountrymenisoneoftheecstasiesoflife,tobethoughtaboutinadvance;tobesmotheredwithlovingcarethroughoutitspreparation;andtohavetimelavishedonitinthefinalpleasureofeating."肯尼斯·洛认却表达了一种截然不同的，典型的中国化的观点。这种观点源于从几千年中国文化。例如，一家伦敦餐馆的董福就引用了如同孔夫子〔中国人陈这位古代圣人为孔夫LoobservesthatwhenWesternersgotoarestauranttheyaskforagoodtable,whichmeansagoodpositionfromwhichtoseeandbeseen.Theyareusuallytheretobeentertainedsocially--andalso,incidentally,toeat.WhentheChinesegotoarestaurant,however,theyaskforasmallroomwithplainwallswheretheycannotbeseenexceptbythemembersoftheirownparty,wherejacketscancomeoffandtheycanproceedwiththeseriousbusinesswhichbroughtthemthere.TheChineseintentions"arebothhonourableandwhole-hearted:toeatwithacapitalE."洛发现西方人进餐馆时都会要个不错的桌位，也就是自己可以看到他人，他人也可以看到你的好位子。他们去那里通常只是一种社交娱乐，同进附带着吃些什么。但中国人却不一样，他会选一个除了聚会成员谁都看不到的地方，这样他们可以很随便的脱掉外套，可以开始这件严肃的事情吃饭，那才是他们来这的目的。中国人的意图“是高尚的，是全心全意的，Despitesuchamarkeddifferenceinattitudestowardswhatoneconsumes,thereisnodoubtthatpeopleintheWesthavecometoregardthecuisineofChinaassomethingspecial.Infact,onecanassertwithsomejusticethatChinesefoodis,nowadays,theonlytrulyinternationalfood.Itisubiquitous.Restaurantsbedeckedwithdragonsanddelicatelandscapes--servingSuchexoticasDimSinGai(sweetandsourchicken),andShaoShingsoup,Chiao-TzuandKuo-Tioh(northernstyle),andGingAiKwar(steamedaubergines)--havesprungupeverywherefromHongKongtoHonolulutoHobokentoHuddersfield.尽管对于吃什么的态度很不一样，但勿庸疑置疑的是，西方人已经开始承认中国饮食的与众不同。实际上，他们可以很公正地断言，中餐是当今世界唯一真正意义上的国际饮食，它无处不在。从香港到火奴鲁鲁，从呼伯肯到韩兹弗尔德，随处看见刻有龙腾的图案和精清蒸茄子等。Howdidthiscomeabout?Certainly,akindofChinesefoodwasexportedtoNorthAmericawhenmanythousandsofChinesewentthereinthe19thcenturytoworkonsuchthingsastheU.S.railways.Theysettledonornearthewestcoast,wherethefamousorinfamous"chopsueyjoints"grewup,withtheirratherinferiorbrandofChinesecooking.ThestandardoftherestaurantsimprovedsteadilyintheUnitedStates,butLoconsidersthatthecrucialfactorinspreadingthiskindoffoodthroughouttheWesternworldwaspopulationpressureintheBritishcolonyofHongKong,especiallyafter1950,whichsentfamiliesoutallovertheworldtoseektheirfortunesintheopeningofrestaurants.Headds,,however,thatthiscouldnothavehappenediftheworldhadnotbeeninterestedinwhattheHongKongChinesehadtocookandsell.HedetectsanincreasedinterestinsensualityintheWesternworld:"Colour,texture,movement,food,drink,androckmusicallthesehavebecomemuchmorepartandparceloftheaverageperson'slifethantheyhaveeverbeen.Itisthisincreasedsensualityandthedesireforgreaterfreedomfromage-boundhabitsintheWest,combinedwiththeinherentsensualconceptofChinesefood,alwaysquicktosatisfythetastebuds,thatisattherootofthesuddenandphenomenalspreadofChinesefoodthroughoutthelengthandbreadthoftheWesternWorld."这是怎么回事呢？十九世纪成千上万的工人去美国去做诸如修建铁路之事时，食物也随之传到了北美。他们在美国西海岸或靠近西海岸的地方定居，在那里知名的、不知名的“杂烩店”开始风行起来，经营的都是些低档次的中国菜。在美国，这些餐馆的档次在稳步提高。但洛认为促使中餐在西方世界流行起来的关键因素在于英国殖民地——香港的巨大人口压力。特别是20世纪50年代以后，许多家庭都想到世界各地开餐管赚钱。他还说，如果世界对香港华人的烹饪和经营不感兴趣的话，也不可能发生这样的事情。他发现西方人越来越重视感观上的享受：色泽、质地、运动、食物，饮料以及摇滚乐，这些都成为大部分人生活中的重要组成部分。由于西方人这种与日俱增的感官享乐主义，与打破旧习获取更多自由的渴望，在加上中国饮食所固有的感知理念，很容易满足人的味觉，才使得中国饮食在全世界各地发展得如此迅速。Thereisnodoubtthatthetraditionalhigh-qualityChinesemealisaseriousmatter,fastidiouslypreparedandfastidiouslyenjoyed.Indeed,thebringingtogetherandinitialcuttingupandorganisingofthematerialsisabout90%oftheactualpreparation,thecookingitselfbeingonlyabout10%.This10%isnot,howeverasimplematter.Therearemanypossibilitiestochoosefrom;KennethLo,forexample,listsfortymethodsavailablefortheheatingoffood,fromchuortheartofboilingtosuchothersasts'ang,akindofstir-fryingandbraising,t'a,deep-fryinginbatter,andwei,buryingfoodinhotsolidssuchascharcoal,heatedstones,sand,saltandlime.毫无疑问，一顿高质量的中餐是一件严肃的事情，制作考究，品位上乘。事实上，原材料的粗加工，拼摆，以及搭配约占实际准备过程的90%，而烹饪本身只占10%。但就那10%40有煨，把食物埋在炽热的固体如木炭、石头、沙子、盐或石灰下的煨熟。Thepreparationisdetailed,andtheenjoymentmustthereforematchit.ThusaproperChinesemealcanlastforhoursandproceedalmostlikeareligiousceremony.Itisasharedexperiencefortheparticipants,notalonelychore,withitsprocessionofplannedandcarefullycontriveddishes,someelementsdesignedtoblend,otherstocontrast.Meatandfish,solidsandsoups,sweetandsoursauces,crispandsmoothtextures,freshanddriedvegetables--alltheseandmorechallengethepalatewiththeirappropriatecharms.准备工作十分详细，而美餐的享用自然也应与之匹配。因此吃一顿真正的中餐可能要好几个小时，其过程就像一次宗教仪式。它需要从那与这共同分享，而非各自份额任务，因为有一系列经认真策划、精心设计的菜肴，其中一些成分是用于调味，另一些则用于衬托。肉类、鱼类、炒菜、汤菜、酸汤甜汁、吹生生滑溜溜之物，鲜菜、干菜所有这些以及其他，他们各局特色都在调我们的胃口。InaChinesemealthathasnotbeenalteredtoconformtoWesternideasofeating,everythingispresentedasakindofbuffet,theguesteatingalittleofthis.alittleofthat.Individualportionsassucharenotprovided.Aproperlyplanneddinnerwillincludeatleastonefowl,onefishandonemeatdish,andtheirpresentationwithappropriatevegetablesisnotjustamatteroftastebutalsoaquestionofharmoniouscolours.Theeyemustbepleasedaswellasthepalate;ifnot,thenacertainessentiallyChineseelementismissing,anelementthatlinksthiscuisinewiththatmosttypicalandyetelusiveconceptTao.在一次为首西方饮食思潮影响的中餐中，所有食品摆在餐桌上，犹如一种自助餐。宾客们可吃点这个，吃点那个。担任份饭是不会提供的。搭配合理的一餐至少应该包括一道鸡，一道鱼，和一道肉，而他们与适当的蔬菜搭配摆出也并非仅是味道的问题，也是要色泽搭配问题，味觉要满足，视觉也是如此。否则，一种本质