2023年职称英语考试理工类B级试题及答案

2004年职称英语考试理工类B级试题及答案第1局部：词汇选项

(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线局部意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1．Haveyoutalkedtoherlately?

A．lastlyB．finallyC．shortlyD．recently2．While

we

don’t

agree，we

continue

to

befriends

A．whoever

B．where

C．Although

D．Whatever3．Enormoussumsofmoneyhavebeenspentonspaceexploration．

A．MuchB．LargeC．SmallD．Fixedt4．About

one

million

Americans

are

diagnosed

annually

with

skin

cancer．A．every

year

B．severely

C．actively

D．every

month5．The

policeman

wrote

down

all

the

particulars

of

the

accident

A．secrets

B．details

C．benefits

D．words6．Wewilltakeyourrecentillnessintoconsiderationwhenmarkingyourexams

A．effectB．accountC．effortD．discount7．Therearealimitednumberofbooksonthissubjectinthelibrary．A．smallB．totalC．goodD．great8．The

chairman

proposed

that

we

should

stop

the

meeting.

A．showed

B．suggested

C．agreed

D．believed9．Mary

has

blended

the

ingredients.

A．made

B．mixed

C．cooked

D．eaten10．They

agreed

to

modify

their

policy．

A．clarify

B．define

C．change

D．develop11．Thedentisthasdecidedtoextractherbadtooth．A．takeoutB．breakoffC．pushinD．digup12．TheeconomycontinuedtoexhibitsignsofdeclineinSeptember．

A．playB．showC．sendD．tell13．Thistableisstronganddurable．A．long-lastingB．extensiveC．far-reachingD．eternal14．Heenduredgreatpainbeforehefinallyexpired．

A．firedB．resignedC．diedD．retreated15．The

girl

is

gazing

at

herself

the

mirror．

A．smiling

B．laughing

C．shouting

D．staring第2局部：阅读判断〔第16～22题，每题1分，共7分〕

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.MotherNatureShowsHerStrength

Tornadoes(龙卷风)andheavythunderstormsmovedacrosstheGreatLakesandinc0TrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening．：Thestormsweredramaticanddangerous．

GeorgeSnyderwasdrivingthefiretruckdownRoute88whenhefirstnoticedthatafunnel(漏斗状的)cloudwasbehindhim．“Istoppedthetruckandwatchedthefunnelcloud．Itwasabout100feetoffthegroundandIsawitgoupanddownforawhile．ItwasmovingtowardBradleyRoadandthensuddenlyitdisappeared．〞Snydersaid．

SnyderonlysawoneofthefunnelcloudsthatpassedthroughnortheasternOhioonSaturday．InTrumbullCounty,atornadoturnedtreesontotheirsides．SometreesfeelontohousesandCars．Othertreesfellintotelephoneandelectricalwiresastheywentdown．

AmandaSymcheckwashavingapartywhenthestormbegan．“Iknewsomethingwaswrong，〞shesaid．“Isawtheskygogreenandpink(粉红色)．Thenitsoundedlikeatrainrushingtowardthehouse．Istartedcryingandtoldeveryonetogotothebasementforprotection．〞

Thetornadocausedalotofdamagetocarsandhousesinthearea．Itwilltakealongtimeandmuchmoneytorepaireverything．Therewasalsoseriouswaterdamagefromme也understorms．Theheavyrainsandhighwindcausedthepowertogooutinmanyhomes·

Thestormscausedseriousfloodinginareasneartheriver．Morethanfourinchesofrainfell

inpartsofTrumbullCounty．Theriverwassohightthatthewaterranintostreetsandhouses．

ManystreetshadtobeclosedtoCarsandtrucksbecauseofthehighwater．’Thismadeitdifficultforfiretrucks．policecars，andotherrescuevehiclestohelppeoplewhowereintrouble.

Manypeoplewholiveneartheriverhadtoleavetheirhomesfortheirownsafety．Some

peoplereportedfivefeetofwaterintheirhomes．Localandstateofficialsopenedemergency

sheltersforthepeoplewhowereevacuated(撤走)．TheRedCrossservedmealstothem．

“Thiswasareallyintensestorm。〞saidSnyder．’Peoplewereafraid。MotherNaturecallbefierce．Wewereluckythistime．Noonewaskilled．〞

16TheweatherwasniceinTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening．

ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned

17GeorgeSnyderwasafirefighter．

ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned

18AmandaSymcheckwashavingapartyinthebasementwhenthestormbegan.

ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned

19Powersupplysystemwasnotdamagedduringthestoma

ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned

20TherehadnotbeensuchaseverestorminTrumbullCountyforahundredyears

ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned

21Rescuevehicleshadahardtimegettingtopeople．

ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned

22Severalpeopleweremissingduringthestorm．

ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned第3局部：概括大意与完成句子〔第23～30题，每题1分，共8分〕

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：〔1〕第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段1选择个最正确标题；〔2〕第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最正确选项。

Ford

1Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturing.ringprocess-notinvention．Longbeforehestartedacarcompany，hewasaworker,knownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines．Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.A1thoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobile，theModelTshowedtheworldusehowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket．

2Thecompany‘sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive(高速运转)．InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentireCar，Ford’sfriends，whoweregreattoolmakersfromScotland，organizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline．BythetimeF0rd’sHighlandParkplantwashumming(嗡嗡作响)alongin1914，theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes．

3

ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5.a．dayminimumWagescheme．thegreatestcontributionhehadevermade．Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9.hourshift．Fordnotonlydoubledthat．healsotookanhourofftheworkday．InthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbePaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation．ThewallStreetJournalcalledtheplan“alleconomiccrime〞．andcriticseverywhere1aughedatFord．

4

Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$i0，itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible(可及的)toa11.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseF0rdhad10weredhiscostspercar,thehigherwagesdidn’tmatter--exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuyCars．

23．Paragraph1_________．

24．Paragraph2_________．

25．Paragraph3_________．

26．Paragraph4_________．

A．Ford’sFollowers

B．TheAssemblyLine

C．Ford’sGreatDream

D．TheEstablishmentoftheCompany

E．Ford’sBiggestContribution

F．Ford’8GreatTalent

27．Theassemblylinemadeitpossibleto_________．28．Fordwasthefirsttoadopt_________．

29．Higherwagesenabledmanypeopleto_________．

30．Ford’shigher—wageandlower—coststrategywasstrongly_________．

A．criticizedbythemedia

B．theIOWwageintheautoindustry

C．ownacar

D．producecarsInLargenumbers

E．the8-hour-shiftpractice

F．combinedtechnologyandmarket第4局部：阅读理解〔第31～45题，每题3分，共45分〕下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最正确选项。U．S．BlacksHard·hitbyCancer

DeathratesforcancerarefallingforallAmericans．butblackAmericansarestillmorelikelytodieofcancerthanwhites，theAmericanCancerSocietysaidMonday．

Inaspecialreportoncancerandblacks，theorganizationsaidblacksareusuallydiagnosedwithcancerlaterthanwhites，andtheyaremorelikelytodieofthedisease．

Thiscouldbebecauseofunequal(不平等的)accesstomedicalCare。Becauseblacksaremorelikelytohaveotherdiseasesaswell，andperhapsbecauseofdifferencesinthebiology(生物学)ofthecancanceritself,thereportadded．

“Ingeneral，blackAmericanshavelesshopeofsurvivingfiveyearsafterdiagnosisthail

whitesforallcancersitesandallstagesofdiagnosis．〞thereportsaid．

“IndescribingcancerstatisticsforblackAmericans，thisreportrecognizesthatmanyofthedifferencesassociatedwithracemaybecausedbyunfairsocialandeconomicdifferencesandunequalaccesstomedicalcare．〞

Thecancersocietysaidblacksshouldbeencouragedtogetcheck-ups(体格检查)earlier,Whencancerismoretreatable．anditsaidmoreresearchisneededtoseeifbiologicaldifferencesplayarole．

“Thenewstatisticsemphasizethecontinuingimportanceofwipingouttheseunfairsocialdifferencesthroughpublicpolicyandeducationefforts，〞theorganizationsaidinastatement．

Butitalsonoteda出opincancerdeathrates．

“CancerdeathratesinbothsexesforallsitescombinedhavedroppedgreatlyamongblackAmericanssince1992，ashaveincidencerates(发生率),〞saidthereport．

31．BlackAmericansarcmorelikelytodieofcancerthan

A．peopleinothercountries．B．whiteAmericans．

C．allotherAmericans．D．theirancestors．

32．WhichmayNOTbeareasonforhighercancerdeathratesamongUSblacks?

A．UnequalaccesstomedicalCare．B．Greaterprobabilityofhavingotherdiseases．

C．Differencesinthebiologyofthecancer．

D．Earlydiagnosis．

33．Cancerismoretreatableifitis．detected

A．inanearlystage．B．inalatestage．

C．a110fasudden．D．togetherwithotherdiseases．

34．Publicpolicyandeducationeffortsmayhelptodoawaywith

A．deathrates．

B．variouscancers．

C．unfairsocialdifferences．D．biologicaldifferences．

35．Since1992，cancerdeathratesamongblackAmericans

A．havebeengoingupanddown．B．haveremainedstable．

C．haveincreased．D．havefallen．CrystalEar

Onedayafriendaskedmy．wifeJillifIwantedahearingaid．“Hecertainlydoes．〞repliedJill．Afterhearingaboutaremarkablenewproduct．JillfinallygotupthenervetoaskmeifI'deverthoughtaboutgettingahearingaid．“Noway,〞Isaid．“Itwouldmakemelook20yearsolder．〞“No，no．〞shereplied．〞Thisisentirelydifferent．It’sCrystalEar!〞

Jillwasright．CrystalEarisdifferent—nottheold.Styledbodywornover-theearaid，butalladvancedpersonalsoundsystemsosmallthatit’slikecontacts(隐形眼镜)foryourears．AndCrystalEarissuper-sensitiveandpowerful．too．Youwillhearsoundsyourearshavebeenmissingforyears．CrystalEarwillmakespeech10uder,andthesoundispureaddnatural．

Icouldn’tbelievehowtinyitis．Itissmallerthanthetipofmylittlefingerandit’salmostinvisibleWhenworn．Therearenowires。nobehind—the．eardevice．Putitinyourearanditsready—to-wearmold(形状)fitscomfortably．Sinceit’snottooloudortootight，youmayevenforgetthatyou’rewearingit!Useitatworkoratplay．Andifyourhearingproblemisworseincertainsituations，useCrystalEaronlywhenyouneedit．

Hearingloss，whichOccurstypicallypriortoteenageyears，progressesthroughoutone’slifetime．A1thoughhearinglossisnowtheworld’snumberonehealthproblem，nearly90percentofpeoplesufferinghearing10SSchoosetoleavetheproblemuntreated．Formanymillions，treatinghearing10SSinaconventionalwaycaninvolvenumerousofficevisits，expensivetestingandadjustmentstofityourear．ThankstoCrystalEar，the“soundsolution〞isnowconvenient．

Almost90percentofpeoplewithmildhearingloss，andmillionsmorewithjustalittlehearingdrop-off(下降)，canbedramaticallyhelpedwithCrystalEar．Moreover,itssuperiordesignisenergy-efficient，sobatteriescanlastmonths．CrystalEarisnowavailabletohelpthesepeopletreattheirhearinglosswithasmallhearingamplifier(放大器)．

36．Initiallythewriterdidnotwantt0buyahearingaidbecause

A．itwouldmakehimlookold．

B．itwouldmakehimnervous．

C．itwastooexpensive．

D．itwasold-styled．

37．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofCrystalEar?A．Itishighlysensitive．B．Itispowerful．

C．Itisinvisible．D．Itiswireless．

38．OnespecialfeatureofCrystalEaristhat

A．youcancontrolitsvolume．

B．youneedn’ttakeitoffeveryday．

C．itissolar-powered．

D．itsavespower．

39．Accordingtothepassage，hearinglossis

A．onlyaminorhealthproblem．B．theworld’smostcommonhealthproblem．

C．merelyateenagedisease．D．anincurabledisease．

40．Manypeopleleavetheirhearingproblemuntreatedbecause

A．itisnotserious．B．CrystalEarisnotyetavailable．

C．itisnoteasytohaveittreated．D．theydon’twanttolookold．TechnologyTransferinGermany

whenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchintoindustrialsuccess，fewnationscanmatchGermany．Sincethe1940s，thenation’svastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamofnewideasandexpertisefromscience．AndthoughGermanprosperity(繁荣)hasfaltered(衰退)overthepastdecadebecauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellastheglobaleconomicdecline，itstillhasanenviable(令人羡慕的)recordforturningideasintoprofit．

MuchofthereasonforthatsuccessistheFraunhoferSociety,anetworkofresearchinstitutesthatexistssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsandcreatesought。aftertechnologies．ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstituteshavecompetition．Universitiesaretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransfer，andtechnologyparksarespringingupallover．Theseeffortsarebeingcomplementedbythefederalprogrammesforpumpingmoneyintostart-upcompanies．

Suchastrategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomicsuccess，but1tisnotwithoutitscrities,Thesepeopleworrythatfavouringappliedresearchwillmeanneglectingbasicscience，eventuallystarvingindustryoffleshideas．Ifeveryscientiststartsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur(企业家)，theargumentgoes，thenthetraditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeingcuriositydriven:freeandwidelyavailablewillsuffer．Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogrammestopromotetechnologytransferareawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthatarepromotedareboundtogobankruptwithinafewyears．

Whilethisdebatecontinues，newideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany’sresearchnetworks，whichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtz，MaxPlanckandLeibniz．Yetitisthefourthnetwork，theFraunhoferSociety，thatplaysthegreatestroleintechnologytransfer．

Foundedin1949.theFraunhoferSocietyisnowEurope’slargestorganisationforappliedtechnology，andhas59institutesemploying12，000people．Itcontinuestogrow．Lastyear’itswalloweduptheHeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBerlin．Today,thereareevenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia．

41．WhatfactorcanbeattributedtoGermanprosperity?

A．Technologytransfer．B．Goodmanagement．

C．Hardwork．D．Fiercecompetition．42．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftraditionaluniversityresearch?

A．Itisfree．B．Itisprofit-driven．

C．Itiswidelyavailable．

D．Itiscuriosity—driven．

43．TheFraunhoferSocietyisthelargestorganisationforappliedtechnologyin

A．Asia．B．USA．C．Europe．D．Africa．

44．WhenwastheFraunhoferSocietyfounded?

A．In1940.B．Lastyear．C．Aftertheunification．D．In1949.

45．Theword“expertise〞inline3couldbebestreplacedby

A．“experts〞．

B．“scientists〞．

C．“scholars〞．

D．“specialknowledge〞．第5局部：补全短文

(第46"~50题，每题2分，共10分)

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。ConservationorwastedEffort?

Theblackrobin(旅鸫)isoneoftheworld’srarestbirds．Itisasmall，wildbird，anditlivesonlyontheislandofLittleMangere，offthecoastofNewZealand．In1967therewereaboutfiftyblackrobinsthere；in1977therewerefewerthanten．_____(46)

Energeticstepsarebeingtakentopreservetheblackrobin．_____(47)Theideaistobuyanotherislandnearbyasaspecialhome，a“reserve〞，forthreatenedwildlife，includingblackrobins．TheorganizerssaythatLittleMangereshouldthenberestocked(重新准备)withtherobin’sfood．ThousandsoftherequiredplantsareatpresentbeingcultivatedinNewZealand．

Isallthisconcernawasteofhumaneffort?whatisreasonableandwhatisunreasonable?_____(48)Arewelosingoursenseof

Intheearth’slong，longpasthundredsofkindsofcreatureshaveevolved，risentoadegreeofsuccessanddiedout．Inthelong，longfuturetherewillbemanynewanddifferentformsoflife．Thosecreaturesthatadaptthemselvessuccessfullytowhattheearthofferswillsurviveforalongtime．_____(49)Thisisnature’sprovenmethodofoperation．

Theruleofselection--“thesurvivalofthefittest〞—-istheonebywhichhumanbeingshavethemselvesarrivedonthescene．We，beingodeofthemostadaptablecreaturestheearthhasyetproduced，maylastlongerthanmost．_____(5O)Youmaytakeitasanotherrulethatwhen，atlast．humanbeingsshowsignsofdyingout，noothercreaturewillextendapaw(爪)topostponeourdeparture．Onthecontrary,wewillbehurriedout．

Lifeseemstohavegrowntootoughforblackrobins．Ileaveyoutojudgewhetherweshouldtrytodoanythingaboutit．

A．Somecreatures，certainsmallanimals，insectsandbirds，willalmostcertainlyoutlast(比……长久)man，fortheyseemevenmoreadaptable．

B．Thosethatfailtomeetthechallengeswilldisappearearly．

C．Detailedstudiesaregoingon，andapublicappealformoneyhasbeenmade．

D．Bothrepresentordersintheclassificationoflife

E．Isitanybusinessofourswhethertheblackrobinsurvivesordiesout?F．Thesearetheonlyblackrobinsleftintheworld第6局部：完形填空〔第51～65题，每题1分，共15分〕下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最正确选项。UnpopularSubjects?Isthereaplaceintoday’ssocietyforthestudyofuselesssubjectsinouruniversities?Justover100yearsagoFitzgeraldarguedinawell-writtenletter_____(51)Naturethat“Universitiesmustbeallowedtostudyuselesssubjects_____(52)theydon’t，whowill?Hewent0ntousethe_____(53)ofMaxwell’selectrodynamics_(电动力学)asonecasewherea“uselesssubject〞hasbeentransformedtoausefulsubject．

Nowadaysthisargumentisagainverymuch_____(54)inmanyuniversities．Indeedonesuspectsthatitisoneofthoseargumentsthatmustbe_____(55)anew(重新)byeachgeneration．Butnowthereisanaddedtwist

~)--subjectsmustnotonlybeuseful，theymustalsobe_____(56)enoughthatstudentswillflock(蜂拥)tod0them，andevenflocktopaytodothem．

Asuniversitiesbecomecommercialoperations，thepressureto_____(57)subjectsordepartmentsthatarelesspopularwillbecomestrongerandstronger,Perhapsthisismoststrongly_____(58)atthemomentbyphysics．Therehasbeenmuch____