不定式和动名词做宾语

巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语和宾补的动词用法接动词不定式做宾语的动词记忆口诀一：三个希望两答应，(wish,hope,want,expect,agree,promise)两个要求莫拒绝，(ask,demand.refuse)设法学会做决定，(manage,learn,decide,determine)不要假装在选择 (pretend,choose)记忆口诀二：打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire)假装(pretend)喜欢(wouldlike/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish)决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help)设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn)告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)接动词ing做宾语的动词和动词短语记忆口诀一：考虑(consider)完成(finish)多练习(practise)避免(avoid)冒险(risk)求建议(suggest/recoomend)面对(face)喜欢(enjoy/appreciate)和介意(mind)允许(allow)承认(admit/permit)或放弃(giveup/abandon)推迟(putoff/delay/postphone)逃避(escape)不原谅(excuse/pardon)提及(mention)坚持(keep/insiston)要想象(imagine/fancy)还有词组feellike和can’tstand!记忆口诀二：Mrsp.blackmissedabeefbag.Mind,risk,regret,suggest,bebusy,lookforwardsto,avoid,can’thelp,keep,miss,imagine,insiston,stop,scceedin,enjoy,delay,allow,beworth,excuse,escape,finish,beusedto,admit,giveup记忆口诀三；megafeps霉咖啡不吃记忆口诀四；makeafitspeech(三)在动词remember,try,regret,forget,need/want/require,stop,mean等后跟动名词V-和不定式意义不同，巧记一句话(记住努力；后悔忘记；需要停止；很有意义)，学习采用对比法：remembertodosomething记着去做某事（现在还没有做）rememberdoingsomething记着曾做过某事（以前做过某事）trytodosomething努力、尽力做某事trydoingsomething试着做某事（看能否达到预期的结果）stoptodosomething开始做某事（停下正在做的事，开始做另一事）stopdoingsomething停止做某事（停止正在做的事）regrettodosomething对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜regretdoingsomething对已经做过的事感到后悔meantodosomething打算，想，意图…meandoingsomething意味着want/require/needtobedone某事需要做want/require/needdoing某事需要做（这时动名词和主语之间有动宾关系，如：Theroomneedscleaning/needstobecleaned）can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事动词接不定式和动名词意思一样双方一旦开始（begin,start），无论喜欢与否（like，prefer，hate，dislike）都要继续下去（continue），都不能打算忽视开始的爱（intend,attempt,propose,neglect,commence,love）（四）请牢记在下列固定句式中，动词用V-ing式：Thereisnopointarguingfurther.再争辩下去没有意义。Itisnogooddoingthat.那样做没有用。Itisnousetellinghisfatheraboutit.告诉他父亲那件事没用。［小试牛刀］TheboydecidedinShanghai,whichmadehisfatheralittlesurprised.A.nottoworkB.tonotworkC.notworkingD.workingnot—Wouldyoumindthedoor?—Ofcoursenot.A.IopeningB.metoopenC.formetoopenD.myopeningAsyouknow,here,missingabusmeansforanotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaitingShegoingoutforawalk,butI’dratherstayathomewatchingTV.A.wantedB.askedC.hopedD.suggestedSorry.Wedon’tallowhere.A.smokingB.havingsmokedC.tosmokeD.tobesmokedInwinter,manyanimalsmanagewithouteatingformanymonths.A.toliveB.tohavelivedC.havinglivedD.livingMyfatherinsistedalthoughwewereverytired.A.walkhomeB.towalkhomeC.onwalkinghomeD.inwalkinghomeAfterhehadworkedseveralhours,hestoppedacupofcoffeetorefreshhimselfA.todrinkB.drinkingC.drinkD.drankAlthoughswimmingishisfavoritesport,yethedoesn'tliketodayA．toswimB．swimmingC．swim D．tohaveswimIregretyouthatthesportsmeethasbeenputoffA.telling B.totellC.tellD.toldShedesiresnotforanhour.A.disturb B.tobedisturbC.tobedisturbedD.tohavedisturbed不定式做宾补记忆口诀；劝教命请叫，允许又警告advise,teach,order,command,ask,tell,allow,permit,warn二、 使役动词与to的省略当不定式用于let,make,have等使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式必须省略to。如：Letmehaveanothercupoftea.给我再来一杯茶。Shehadhimdigawaythesnow她让他把雪挖走。Theymadehimtellthemeverything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。但是，当使役动词用于被动语态时，其后的不定式则必须要带to。如：他被迫一天工作20小时。误：Hewasmadeworktwentyhoursaday.正：Hewasmadetoworktwentyhoursaday.注意，表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。另外注意，force,oblige等虽然也表示“使”，但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如：Theyforcedhertosignthepaper他们强迫她在文件上签字。Thelawobligedparentstosendtheirchildrentoschool法律要求父母送子女上学。二、感觉动词与to的省略当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,lookat,listento等作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。如：Weallfeltthehouseshake我们都感觉这房子在震动。Iheardhimgodownthestairs我听见他下楼了。Didyounoticeherleavethehouse?她离开屋子你注意到了吗？Iwatchedhergetintothecar我看着她上了车。但是，当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为tobe时，则不能省略to。如：Theyallfelttheplantobeunwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。注意，当这些动词变为被动语态时，不定式前的to不能省略。如：Theywereheardtobreakaglassinthenextdoor听见他们在隔壁打破了一个玻璃杯子。另外，若用作宾语补足语的不定式为完成式，则通常应带to。如：Inoticedhertohavecomeearly我注意到她来得很早。三、 介词except/but与to的省略当不定式用作介词except或except的宾语时，该不定式有时带to,有时不带to,情形比较复杂，大致原则是：其前有do，不定式不带to；其前没有do,不定式通常带to。如：HelikesnothingexcepttowatchTV除了看电视外，他什么都不喜欢。Ithadnoeffectexcepttomakehimangry除惹他生气外，没产生任何效果。There'slittlewecandoexceptwait除了等待我们没有什么办法。Icoulddonothingexceptagree.我除了同意，没有别的办法。四、 help与to的省略当动词help后跟一个不定式用作宾语或宾语补足语时，不定式可以不带to,也可以不带to。如：Canyouhelp(to)carrythistableupstairs?(尔能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗？Ihavelostmywatch.Willyouhelpme(to)lookforit?我把表丢了，你能不能帮我找一下?但是，当help用于被动语态时，其后不定式必须带to。如：Milliewashelpedtoovercomeherfearofflying米利被帮助克服了她的飞行恐惧。另外，当不定式为否定式时，其中的to通常不宜省略。如：HowcanIhelpmychildrennottoworryabouttheirexams?我怎样才能帮助我的孩子们不为他们的考试着急呢？记忆口诀;一二三四半，一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助，五、 固定搭配与to的省略1、 Whynot...?=Whydon'tyou...?习惯上接动词原形，不能接带to不定式或现在分词，主要用于表示同意、赞成、劝诱等，其意为“为什么不……呢”。如：Whynotgowithhim?=Whydon'tyougowithhim?为什么不和他一起去呢？2、 hadbetter...，最好做某事，如：Youhadbetterstayhere.你最好呆在这里。3、 “wouldrather+动词原形”意为“宁愿做某事”。如：We’dratherstayathome我们宁愿呆在家里。Iwouldrathernottellhim.我宁愿不告诉他。4、 prefer+不定式+ratherthan+动词原形，其意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如：Iprefertowalkthereratherthangobybus我宁愿走着去，而不愿坐公共汽车去。Hepreferstoreadratherthanwatchtelevision他喜欢读书而不喜欢看电视。但，prefer+动名词+to+动名词，其意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如：Heprefersswimmingtoridingasasport作为一项运动项目，他更喜欢游泳而不是骑马。注：这类结构的prefer前有时也可用would,should等。如：Wewouldpreferplayingoutdoorstowatchingtelevision我们宁愿在外面玩而不愿看电视常见的接ing做宾语，不定式做宾补的词AFu’scapadvise,forbid,understand,suppose,consider,allow,permit跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语的练习题I.用所给动词的适当形式填空：Wehaveplanned(make)aschoolradioprogramme.Doyouknowwhen(start)theparty?Ifinditveryinteresting(talk)withforeigners.She'sthinkingabout(make)aphonecalltoherparents.Whatbadweather!Ihate(go)outoncloudydays.Doyoureallyenjoy(play)theviolineveryday.Myparentsaskedme(do)myhomeworkontime.I’mreallysorry.Iforgot(close)thedoorbeforeIleft.Ididn'twantmyparents(worry)aboutme,butI’mafraid(stay)athomealone.Ihatetohearpeople(talk)loudlyinpublic.Betty,weneed(make)aplan.Pleaseremember(post)theletterfortheoldman.Stop(chat),everyone.OurEnglishteacheriscoming.Hehates(cook)meals.Heenjoys(have)lunchintherestaurant.Itstarted(rain)whenwewerewalkinginthestreetlastSunday.II.选择。“HaveyoufinishedyourcompositionT“Notyet.”A.writeB.writesC.waswritingD.writingRememberthelettertome..A.sendingB.sendsC.tosendD.sendEnglishisimportanttous.Weshouldtryithard.A.studyB.studiesC.studiesD.tostudyThankyoufortomyspeech.A.listenB.listensC.listeningD.listened.Canyouhelpmethebagtomyfather.A.giveB.togiveC.givingD.AandB.Keephard,andIthinkyou'llsucceedsomeday.A.tostudyB.studyingC.studies D.studysYoulooktired.Yoildbetterstoparest.A.haveB.hasC.havingD.