大学英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧

英语四、六级段落信息般配题一、英语四级段落信息般配题是什么？长篇阅读理解篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相般配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。四级考试需要各位同学做的是，大家需要去看十个左右的段落，而后去般配十个信息点。可是到六级中间，我们的难度就要增添了，我们见到的状况是六级中间变为了15个段落，去般配十个信息点。但整体来看，不论题型怎么变，其实学习方法没变，仍是依旧需要大家提升阅读的能力，比方说读文章的时候，能否是直接拿英语读，假如读快速阅读的时候，仍是拿中文边翻译边读的话，会发现阅读速度向来会比较慢，所以那么长的文章很难找到细节，所以大家必定要养成拿英语直接阅读的这样一种习惯，这样才能保证我们的阅读速度又快又准。二、信息般配题难点剖析考生难以依据阅读题一向依据的“次序原则”解题。因为这一题型要求考生把细节信息与其所在的段落进行般配，所以细节信息的摆列绝对是“乱序的”，这就意味着考生从文章开头到结尾按次序定位的方法是行不通的。题干信息复杂，考生难以快速抓住要领。题干中的细节信息往常是极复杂和繁琐的名词短语或长难句，考生常常在找寻到适合的定位词以前，就已经被题干信息的复杂表述弄得蒙头转向了。考生难以找寻到适合的定位词。即便考生能够读懂题干中艰涩难懂的细节信息，但也会在找寻定位词时碰到很大阻碍。因为题干供给的细节信息中常常不会出现特别显然的定位词(如数字、时间、地址、人物、特别字体和特别符号等)。即便考生能够找到一个定位词，这必定位词也往常和文章主题亲密有关，会在文章中多次出现，因此也没有太大的意义。三、般配题出题特色及应试技巧般配类题型有好多种，常有的种类有：1）人名-看法般配；2）.地名-描绘般配；3）句子-句子般配；4）分类题(Classification)；5）段落-标题般配；段落-细节般配。此中前四种做题方法比较近似，尔后两种相对较复杂。这里将论述前四种题型的做题方法。扭转做题思想先要扭转做题思想，不是找到句子答案所在，而是判断这句话在哪一段会出现。所以我们首要明确，考官出这个题是要观察我们什么阅读能力，我以为不是细节阅读能力，而是对文章框架思路的掌握能力。2．预览题干，明确重点词该题型的解题基本思路是：先快速地将题干读一下，划出重点词;而后采用skimming和scanning的方式通读原文，般配信息。3．快速掌握文章脉络经过阅读中心句快速掌握文章脉络。中心句一般出此刻首位句，转折词如but或许因果关系联接词如asaresult引领的第二句，或许问句后面的答句。一般建议在找到中心句后，读一下末句，能够更精准地掌控段意。若无特别显然的中心句，首尾句的阅读也有助于理解段意。阅读过程中间，有的信息点明确可直接先去选出答案。这里我们也要明确要多看英文，掌握英文的行文思路。一般而言剑桥里的文章组织有三大类。一是准时间，如货物运输，这是最简单的。二是按看法—原由—发展—瓶颈—举措—目标的布局来剖析一件事物。三是偏科普的夹杂好多不同派其他理论，这个相对而言比较难。注意字句的形式变化。在长篇阅读中找寻有关信息的难度很大程度上取决于考生对字句形式变化的辨别能力。需要注意三种变化形式：1）题干只对原文中个别单词或词组进行同义改写或转述；2）题干对原文中整句话进行同义改写或转述；3）题干对原文中几句话或整段内容进行综合归纳或推测。这就对考生的单词量、对某一单词多重释义的认识以及对句意的归纳或推测能力提出了新要求。注意标志。在初次阅读的过程中假如不可以确立某些单句能否与该段落相匹配，最好做个记号，以便第二次阅读时更有针对性。第二次阅读的目的：一是检查已初步确立的段落与单句能否的确般配；二是达成第一遍阅读中还没有解答的题目。注意时间的合理使用，不要为确立某个细节问题而浪费大批的时间。【重点词的种类】人名、地名和专出名词一些拼写较长的词，比方：internship，competitiveness，globalization，integration，sustainability，innovative，immigration等。这些词属于低频词，一般不会大篇幅地出现。利用这些词能够高效地查找般配段落。此外，这些词有时会作为生词在文中标明出来，像internship，在原文顶用斜体印刷，并以括号备注中文。我们选它做重点词，瞬时就能找到原文出处了。数字，包含年月、百分比、特别事件等。如四级样卷中的：mid-1970s,3.9percent，20percent，September11等。教研君利用这些数字进行定位，测得的正确率是100%哦!以连字符连结的特别词汇。如：university-based，one-child。这些词是由两个(或三个)单词连结的新词，一般当作形容词使用。三个单词的例子如：hard-to-grasp难以理解的。这些词也属于低频词，一般不会大篇幅出现。需要注意的是有时我们需要将这些词打开来定位，如one-child在原文中是没有的，原文是这样的“Theyoftencompromisebyhavingjustonechild.这里的”onechild就不是整体作为形容词使用了。研究、报告、书本型词汇，如：report，study，books等。一般来说研究、报告等内容都是易考点，这些信息常常出此刻特定的段落里，所以依据这些词汇作为重点词也很简单定位。5.最高等，如best，worst，most等。如六级第54题，重点词之一为thebestsolution。但是仅凭此重点词我们可能没法快速地找到答案，因为原文的表述是themosteffectivemethod，用的词汇是完整不同样的。这时，我们还需要增添一个重点词pension，帮助我们定位。这就提示我们在平时的阅读中应多关注最高等出现的地方，因为它常常是考点。拥有特别意义的指示性词汇。这种词汇固然不是往常意义上的定位关键词，但其特别含义可将考生的注意力指向原文的开头、结尾或是某个拥有特别特色的段落。这些词往常包含以下三类：①能够指示开头段的词汇(如overview、introduction、initiation、mainidea、definition等)；②能够指示结尾段的词(如overview、future、solution、conclusion、suggestion、summary等)；③能够帮助考生回原订婚位的特别词汇(如rate、ratio、proportion、percentage等词常常对应含“%”的段落；number、figure、statisticaldemographics等词常常对应数字集中的段落；financial、income、revenue、salary等词常常对应含诸如“$”“￥”等钱币符号的段落)。考生能够经过这些指示性词汇减小回原订婚位的范围，进而快速判断表1—四级样卷长篇阅读表2—六级样卷长篇阅读PassageOneUniversitiesBranchOutAsneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself-consciouslyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative(合作的)researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroadUniversitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships(实习)abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity—andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.Shanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基础设备)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenationwell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand—likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory—strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍爱)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.Americanuniversitiespreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareersbygivingthemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.Sincethemid-1970s,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannualrateof3.9percent.TheenrollmentofinternationalstudentswillhaveapositiveimpactonAmericaratherthanthreatenitscompetitiveness.Thewayresearchiscarriedoutinuniversitieshaschangedasaresultofglobalization.OfthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringintheUnitedStates,twentypercentcomefromforeigncountries.duetochangesinthevisaprocess.years.8.Aroundtheworld,governmentsencouragethemodeloflinkinguniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplication.Present-dayuniversitieshavebecomeapowerfulforceforglobalintegration.WhenforeignstudentsleaveAmerica,theywillbringAmericanvaluesbacktotheirhomecountries.PassageTwoIntotheunknownUntiltheearly1900snobodythoughtmuchaboutthewholepopulationsgettingolder.UNhadtheforesighttoconvenea“worldassemblyonageing”“AvertingtheOldAgeCrisis”it,arguedthatpensionarrangementsinmostcountrieswereunsustainable.Forthenexttenyearsasuccessionofbooks,mainlybyAmericans,surroundedbythealarm.TheyhadtitleslikeYoungvs.Old,GrayDawnandTheComingGenerationalStorm,andtheirmessagewasblunt:health-caresystemswereheadingfortherocks,pensionersweretakingyoungpeopletothecleaners,andsoontherewouldbeintergenerationalwarfare.Sincethenthedebatehasbecomelessemotional,notleastbecausealotmoreisknownaboutthesubject.Books,conferencesandresearchpapershavemultiplied.InternationalorganizationssuchastheOECDandtheEUissueregularreports.Populationageingisoneveryagenda,fromG8economicconferencestoNATOsummits.TheWorldEconomicForumplanstoconsiderthefutureofpensionsandhealthcareatitsprestigiousDavosconferenceearlynextyear.Themedia,includingthenewspaper,aregivingthesubjectextensivecoverage.Whetherallthatattentionhastranslatedintosufficientactionisanotherquestion.Governmentsinrichcountriesnowacceptthattheirpensionandhealth-carepromiseswillsoonbecomeunaffordable,andmanyofthemhaveembarkedonreforms,butsofaronlytimidly.Thatisnotsurprising:politicianswithaneyeonthenextelectionwillhardlyrushtointroduceunpopularmeasuresthatmaynotbearfruitforyears,perhapsdecades.E)Theoutlineofthechangesneededisclear.Toavoidfiscal(财政的)meltdown,publicpensionsandhealth-careprovisionwillhavetobereinedbackseverelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthemosteffectivemethodtorestrainpensionspendingistogivepeopletheopportunitytoworklonger,becauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsatthesametime.Itmayevenkeepthemalivelonger.JohnRother,theAARP’sheadofpolicyandstrategy,pointstostudiesshowingthatotherthingsbeingequal,peoplewhoremainatworkhavelowerdeathratesthantheirretiredpeers.Youngerpeopletodaymostlyacceptthattheywillhavetoworkforlongerandthattheirpensionswillbelessgenerous.Employersstillneedtobepersuadedthatolderworkersareworthholdingonto.Thatmaybebecausetheyhavehadplentyofyoungeronestochoosefrom,partlythankstothepost-warbaby-boomandpartlybecauseoverthepastfewdecadesmanymorewomenhaveenteredthelaborforce,increasingemployers’choice.Butthereservoirofwomenableandwillingtotakeuppaidworkisrunninglow,andthebaby-boomersaregoinggrey.Inmanycountriesimmigrantshavebeenfillingsuchgapsinthelaborforceashavealreadyemerged(andrememberthattherealshortageisstillaroundtenyearsoff).Immigrationinthedevelopedworldisthehighestithaseverbeen,anditismakingausefuldifference.Instill-fertileAmericaitcurrentlyaccountsforabout40%oftotalpopulationgrowth,andinfast-ageingWesternEuropeforabout90%.Onthefaceofit,itseemstheperfectsolution.Manydevelopingcountrieshavelotsofyoungpeopleintheneedofjobs,manyrichcountriesneedhelpinghandsthatwillboosttaxrevenuesandkeepupeconomicgrowth.Butoverthenextfewdecadeslaborforcesinrichcountriesaresettoshrinksomuchthatinflowsofimmigrantswouldhavetoincreaseenormouslytocompensate:toatleasttwicetheircurrentsizeinwesternEurope’smostyouthfulcountries,andthreetimesintheolderones.Japanwouldneedalargemultipleofthefewimmigrantsithasatpresent.Publicopinionpollsshowthatpeopleinmostrichcountriesalreadythinkthatimmigrationistoohigh.Furtherbigincreaseswouldbepoliticallyunfeasible.I)Totackletheproblemofageingpopulationsatitsroot,“old”countrieswouldhavetorejuvenate(使年青)themselvesbyhavingmoreoftheirownchildren.Anumberofthemhavetried,somemoresuccessfullythanothers.Butitisnotasimplematterofofferingfinancialincentivesorprovidingmorechildcare.Modernurbanlifeinrichcountriesisnotwelladaptedtolargefamilies.Womenfindithardtocombinefamilyandcareer.Theyoftencompromisebyhavingjustonechild.Andiffertilityinageingcountriesdoesnotpickup?Itwillnotbetheendoftheworld,atleastnotforquiteawhileyet,buttheworldwillbecomeadifferentplace.Oldersocietiesmaybelessinnovativeandmorestronglydisinclinedtotakerisksthanyoungerones.By2025atthelatest,abouthalfthevotersinAmericaandmostofthoseinwesternEuropeancountrieswillbeover50—andolderpeopleturnouttovoteinmuchgreaternumbersthanyoungerones.Academicstudieshavefoundnoevidencesofarthatoldervotershaveusedtheirpowerattheballotboxtopushforpoliciesthatspecificallybenefitthem,thoughifinfuturetherearemanymoreofthemtheymightstartdoingso.Noristhereanysignoftheintergenerationalwarfarepredictedinthe1990s.Afterall,olderpeoplethemselvesmostlyhavefamilies.Inarecentstudyofparentsandgrown-upchildrenin11Europeancountries,KarstenHankofMannheimUniversityfoundthat85%ofthemlivedwithin25kmofeachotherandthemajorityofthemwereintouchatleastonceaweek.Evenso,theshiftinthecentreofgravitytoolderagegroupsisboundtohaveaprofoundeffectonsocieties,notjusteconomicallyandpoliticallybutinallsortsofotherwaystoo.RichardJacksonandNeilHoweofAmerica’sCSIS,inathoughtfulbookcalledTheGrayingoftheGreatPowers,arguethat,amongotherthings,theageingofthedevelopedcountrieswillhaveanumberofserioussecurityimplications.Forexample,theshortageofyoungadultsislikelytomakecountriesmorereluctanttocommitthefewtheyhavetomilitaryservice.Inthedecadesto2050,Americawillfinditselfplayinganever-increasingroleinthedevelopedworlddefense’seffort.BecauseAmerica’spopulationwill