牛津译林版八年级下册被动语态专项练习

八下牛津英语语法解说与练习------被动语态一、各样时态的被动语态一般此刻时：am/is/are+动词过去分词Carsaremadebythem.一般过去时：was/were+动词过去分词TheMP3wasboughtbymyfather.一般将来时：will/shall/begoingtobe+动词过去分词Thebridgewillbecompletedintendays.此刻达成时：have/hasbeen+动词过去分词Themeetinghasbeenputoff.二、含有神态动词的被动语态含有神态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由神态动词+be+过去分词"构成，原来带to的神态动词变成被动语态后“to仍要保存。歌诀是：神态动词改动，神态加be加过分”比方：wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Wemustfinishthisworksoon.Thisworkmustbedonesoon.Wehavetocleantheclassroom.Theclassroomhastobecleanedbyus.三、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题(1)时态保持一致。Ihaverepairedmycomputer.---Mycomputerhasbeenrepaired.(2)假如要说出动作的履行者，并且这个履行者可以作主动语态中主语时，就用by短语，假如后边的词表示地址，不是动作的履行者，就用in短语。Itismadebyus.ItismadeinWuhan.(3)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动句by的宾语时要用其宾格形式。Hecleanedthecar.Thecarwascleanedbyhim.⑷疑问句的被动语态，用be动词的对应形式代替doDoesshedrivethiscar?

Isthiscardrivenbyher?(5)谓语为动词短语的被动语态不可以抛弃动词短语的介词或副词。Hisbestfriendoftenlooksafterhim.--Heisoftenlookedafterbyhisbestfriend.⑹主动句中有一些动词如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach等，带有双宾语，一个是直接宾语(指物)，另一个是间接宾语(指人)，主动语态变成被动语态时，可以把间接宾语变成主语，保存直接宾语，也可以把直接宾语变成主语，保存间接宾语，但此时一般在间接宾语前加一个介词。Myfathergavemeabook.(1)1wasgivenabookbymyfather.Sheshowedmesomephotos.

(2)Abookwasgiventomebymyfather.T(1)|wasshownsomephotosbyher.T(2)Somephotoswereshowntomebyher.注意：有些双宾语动词，如do,pass,sell,send,sing,bring,write等，变成被动语态时，平常以直接宾语作主语，保存间接宾语，其前面依照情况用介词to或forShewrotemealetter.TAletterwaswrittentomebyher.有些双宾语动词如answer,save,envy(敬羡)等，平常以间接宾语作被动语态主语，保存直接宾语。Heansweredmethatquestion.TIwasansweredthatquestionbyhim.(7)主动语态句中使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语为不带to的不定式，但变成被动语态时要加上to,这类的动词有make,have,let,noticeMr.Leemadehimwashthedishes.Isawaboycrossthestreet.TA

,see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,feelhelp等。Hewasmadetowashthedishes.boywasseentocrossthestreet.(8)Itissaidthat+从句及其他近似句型一些表示听闻"或相信"的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型"將be+过去分词+that从句"或主语+be+过去分词+todosth.。有：Itissaidthat听闻,Itisreportedthat据报导，Itisbelievedthat大家相信，Itishopedthat大家希望，Itiswellknownthat尽人皆知，Itisthoughtthat大家认为，Itissuggestedthat据建议。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.)四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1、(1)英语中有好多动词女口break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash,cut,wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描绘主语特色时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语平常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.Thecoatssellwell.Theknifecutswell.这刀好使。Theshoeswearlong.这鞋耐穿。注意：主动语态表被动重申的是主语的特色，而被动语态则重申外界作用造成的影响。试比较：Thedoorwon'tlock.(指门自己有弊端)Thedoorwon'tbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门，指门没有锁"是人的原因)(2)表示发生、进行"的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout(出现)等以主动形式表示被动意义。(3)系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感觉、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表构造中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.2、在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。(1)在need,want,require等词的后边，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).这房屋需要维修。在某些形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的构造中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这常常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout省略了forme).在tooto??构造中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.五、以下情况不可以用于被动语态不及物动词没有被动语态这类动词常有的有：takeplace,happen,last,rise,breakout,appear等Theaccidenthappenedlastnight.(“Theaccidentwashappenedlastnight.()x系动词没有被动语态这些动词有：feel,turn,taste,sound,smell,look,get,become等。下被动语态专项练习一、按要求改写以下句子1.1steagrowninSouthChina?(改为主动语态)people___________teainSouthChina?2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.(同义句变换)Abirthdaypresent_________________________________bymyparentseveryyear3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)AnEnglishsong_____________________________bythechildren.4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)It______________________________________byyounow.5.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)Metal______________________________________makingmachines.Hemademedothatforhim.（改为被动语态）I________________________________________________thatforhim.7..50mePeoplenoticedthoseworkersmakingmachines.（改为被动语态）Thoseworkers_____________________________________makingmachines.8.Theyoftensawtheboywatchthefootballmatcheslastyear.（改为被动语态）Theboy_______often___________________________thefootballmatchesbythem.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?（改为被动语态）_________abridge___________herebythemayearago?10.HarryJonesdesignedthegame.（改为被动语态）Thegame_____________________HarryJones.11.Heoftenmakesusworkfortenhoursaday.（改为被动语态）We_________often____________to__________fortenhoursaday.12.Myparentsbuymeabirthdaycakeeveryyear.（改为被动语态）（1）_____________________________1abirthdaycakebymyparentseveryyear.2）_________________________________________Abirthdaycakemebyparentseveryyear.13.Wenoticedhimeatingsnacksinclass.（改为被动语态）He________

______eatingsnacksinclassbyus.14.Heplantsmanytreeseveryyear.

（把句子改为被动语态

）Manytrees_________________byhimeveryyear.15.Theteachermadehimhandinhomeworkbeforeclass.

（把句子改为被动语态

）Hewas_______________

handinhomeworkbeforeclass

（bytheteacher

）.16.HeboughtaCD-ROMlastyear.

（把句子改为被动语态

）ACD-ROM

______

____

_____

____lastyear.17.HeorganizesactivitiesoftheComputerClub.

（把句子改为被动语态

）ActivitiesoftheComputerClub____________

_____byhim.18..DoeseveryoneintheworldknowtheGreatWall?

（把句子改为被动语态

）_____theGreatWall_____________

________

intheworld?19..1gavehimapresentyesterday.

（把句子改为被动语态

）Apresent_____

_____

_____himbymeYesterday.20.Theworkersbuiltthebridgein2004.

（把句子改为被动语态

）Thebridge_____

______bytheworkersin2004.二、单项选择1.Eachyearquitealotoffood______aroundtheworld.A.waswastedB.iswastedC.wastedD.willbewasted2.Thesickman_____tohospitalbythepolicemananhourago.A.istakenB.wastakenC.takesD.took3.Elephants_____carrywoodbypeoplelongtimeago.A.wastrainedB.trainedtoC.traintoD.weretrainedto4.—Whyareyousoexcitedtoday?--WeweretoldA.have

_______apicnicthisweekend.B.tohaveC.having

D.had5.Themeeting_____twoweeksago.A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld6.Thethief_______bythepolicelastnight.A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtD.werecaught7.LastyearBeijing__byabigsandstorm.A.ishitB.werehitC.willbehitD.washit—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.-I'msorry,butI_____whentomeet.A.don'ttellB.didn'ttellC.haven'ttoldD.wasn9.Twelve-year-oldsshouldnot____todriveinChina.A.allowB.beallowC.allowedD.beallowed

'ttoldA.sellsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold10.Thislisteningmaterial,togetherwithitsCD-ROMs,_________well.11.Apresent,oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups.-Morechances______tostudentstolearnfromeachother.A.offerB.areofferedC.haveofferedD.areoffering12.-_______anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?-Yes,itwas.A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build13.-What___theplaneoften______?---------Atrainingcentre.A.is;usedasB.-was;usedtoC.is;usedtoD.was;usingas14.Hewasseen_______abankjustnowA.toenterB.toenterintoC.enterD.enteringinto15.Weretheyheard_________atthattime?A.talkandlaughB.totalkandlaughC.talkingandlaughingD.talkedandlaughed16.Thenewflatsinthecentreofthetown__________well.A.sellsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold17.TheWorldCup_____________everyfouryears.A.takesplaceB.istakenplaceC.isheldD.BothAandC18.Oldpeopleareoften__________politelybytheyounginourcountry.A.spokentoB.speakingC.spokenD.speaking19.—Boysandgirls,haveyoufinisheddrawingthepictures?—Yes,they______amomentago.A.havefinishedB.werefinishedC.arefinishedD.finished20.Marydidn'tknowwherethebirthdaycard______andlookedworried.A.washidingB.washiddenC.hidD.hidden21.Tom____byhisclassmatesbecausehemadeacarelessmistake.A.laughedatB.waslaughedatC.laughedD.waslaughed22.They______dayandnight.AaremadeworkBaremadetoworkCmadetobeworkedDaremakingtowork23.Youmaygofishingifyourwork_____.AisdoneBwillbedoneChasdoneDhavedone24.ThesekindsofCD---ROMS____inthatshopoverthere.They_____well.Aaresold,aresoldBaresold,sellCsell,sellDsell,aresold25.MrChenhasaloudvoice.Hisvoicecan___clearlyeveninthatbigclassroom.AhearBbeheardCbehearingDhaveheard26.——Doyouliketheflower?------------Yes,it______sweet.AsmellsBissmellingCsmeltDissmelt27.English______inmanycountries,buttheChinese______theirownIanguage.A.speaks;spokenB.isspoken;isspokenC.isspoken;speakD.isspoken;speaks28.---HowmanycakescanIhave,Mum?---None,dear.They_______foryourfather.A.prepareBpreparedC.havepreparedD.wereprepared29.Hisnewbookhas_______.AcomeonBbeencomeonCcomeoutDbeencomeout30.Foodandclothes_______tothechildreninpoorareasbythevolunteers.A.handoutBarehandedoutCarehandingoutDworkedout三、用()里词的合适形式填空1.Youngtrees_________(water)welleveryday.2.Thirtybikes_____________(repair)byUncleWanglastweek.3.Thiskindofmachine____________(use)forcuttingthings.4.Manystrangethings_____(take)placeeveryyear.Rice________(grow)twpthousandyearsagobyChinesepeople.6.lnformation__________(keep)inthecomputerjustnow.7.Childrenunder1.2minheightshould____________(nottake)totheconcerthall.8.Activities__________(plan)tohelpthepooreveryyear.9.Ourclassroomissodirtyanditneeds_____________(clean).10Jackisveryfunny.Iamalwaysmade_________(laugh)11.Thegoodnewsisthatmostofthecasesofblindnesscan_____________(cure).Childrenshould_________________________(treat)withkindness.13.Shewasmade______________________________(wait)halfanhour.14.Usuallythoseletters____________________________(write)inEnglishinthepast.DoyouknowthatOxfam______________________(set)upintheUKin1942?Anewfilm______________________(show)atRedStarCinemayesterday.17.—What_______yourcomputer_________(use)for?—Sendingandreceivinge-mails.18.Youmaygooutandplayassoonasyourhomework___________(finish).五、完形填空1Nowcomputersarevery1amongyoungpeople.Lastweek,weaskedthirtyyoungpeople2fourteenandeighteen.Weaskedhowmuch3theyusuallyspentontheircomputersinaweek,butwe_4mostinterestedin5theyusedtheircomputersfor.Theusualtimespentonacomputerinaweekwasabouttwelvehours,with6useraboutthirty-twohours,andthelowestuseronlyfivehours.Allthechildrensaidtheyusuallyusedcomputers7.Fourteenchildrentoldustheydidsomewordprocessing(文字办理)8.Onlytwoofthemsaidcomputers9theirlessons,andeightchildrentoldustheykeptaddressesandphonenumbersintheircomputersorused10towritediaries.Onlythreechildrensaidtheywereleanningtomakecomputerprogramsandnobodylookedupdatabases(数据库).Noneofthemusedcomputersforany11use.The12showthatcomputeruseisquitehighamongyoungpeopleof14-18yearsold.Theyalsoshowquiteclearlythatcomputers13bymostyoungpeopleaslittlemorethangamemachines.14,though()1.A.commonB.cheapC.easyD.difficult()2.A.amongB.betweenC.fromD.about()3.A.hoursB.moneyC.timeD./()4.A.isB.wasC.areD.were()5.A.whatB.whyC.howD.whether()6.A.highB.higherC.highestD.thehighest()7.A.toreadB.readingtoplaygamesD.playinggamesCB..asusual()8.A.heendD.allthetime()9.A.foundoutCB.workedatC.helpedwithD.lookedover()10.A.theirsB.themC.itsD.it()11.A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.others()12.A.waysB.questionsC.reportsD.results(结果))13.A.areseeC.willbesee(B.haveseenD.seenn()14.A.MoreorlessB.FromnowonC.BythewayD.Itseemstousthat()15.A.wonB.popularC.usefulD.expensivederful六、computersarecommoninthehomesofyoungpeople,theyhavenotyetbecome15ineverydaylife.阅读理解Lifecomesinapackage.Thispackageincludeshappinessandsadness,failureandsuccess,hopeanddespair.Lifeisalearningprocess.Experiencesinlifeteachusnewlessonsandmakeusabetterperson.Witheachpassingdaywelearntodealwithvarioussituations.Loveplaysamainroleinourlife.Lovemakesyoufeelwanted.Withoutloveapersoncouldbecomecruel(残忍的).1ntheearlystageofourlife,ourparentsaretheoneswhoshowuswithloveandcare.Theyteachusaboutwhatisrightandwrong,goodandbad.Butwedon'talwayscareaboutit.Itisonlyaftermarriagearhavingkidsthatapersonunderstandsothers'feelings.Happinesscanbringpeopleapeacefulmind.Nomindishappywithoutpeace.Sadnessisthecauseofthedeathofalovedoneorthefailure.Butallofthesethingswillpassaway.Failureisthewaytosuccess.Ithelpsustotouchthesky,teachesustosurviveandshowsusaspecificway.Successbringsinmoney,prideandself-respect.Hopeiswhatkeepslifegoing.Parentsalwayshopetheirchildrenwilldowell.Hopemakesusdream.Hopebuildsinpatienee.Lifeteachesusnottodespaireveninthedarkesthour,becauseaftereverynightthereisaday.Lifeteachesusnottoregret(懊悔)overyesterday,forithaspassedandisoutofourcontrol.Tomorrowisunknown,foritcouldeitherbebrightordark.Sotheonlychoiceistoworkhardtoday,sothatwewillenjoya______________________be((((

卄ertomorrow.)1.Weusuallyhavetoaccept_______ifwewanttobesuccessful.A.loveB.failureC.sadnessD.hope)2.Inwhichsectioncanreadersprobablyreadthepassage?A.Business.B.TravelC.Lifestyles.D.Education.)3.Whatdoestheword“despair”meaninChinese?A.颓废B.遗憾C.悲伤D.绝望)4.What'sthemeaningofthelastsentenceofthewholepassage?A.Whenchoosingbetween“today”and“tomorrow”,you'B.Ifyouworkhardtoday,you'IIhaveabetterlifeinthefuture.

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