新视野大学英语视听说第3册-答案(全)

UintlH・BasicListeningPracticeScriptW:Ok.Ifsyourturntopaythebill.Ipaidlasttime.M:What?Youhaveaselectivememory.Youtriedtopaylastturn,butyourcreditcardfailed;soIendeduppaying!Ifsdefinitelyyourturn.Q:Whatistrueaccordingtotheconversation?ScriptM:I'mhavingrealtroublereviewingforthisFrenchexam.Ijustcan'tmemorizeallthevocabulary.W:Metoo.Ihatehavingtolearnthingsbyheart.Iguesswejusthavetokeepreadingthetextsoverandover.Q:Whatdoesthewomanprefer?ScriptW:Ohlook!There'sthatguywesawlastweek,playingfootballinthepark!Helookedgreatinhiskit,remember?M:Him?Idon'trememberhim.I'vegotaterriblememoryforfaces.IhaveahardtimeevenrecordingpeopleI'vebeenintroducedto.Q:Accordingtotheconversation,whatistheman'sproblem?ScriptM:Whyisthereabigsignonthebackofyourdoorthatsays“keys”？W:It'storemindmetotakemykeyswhenIgooutbecauseI'malwayslockingmyselfoutbyaccident!Itdoesn'thelpenough.NowIjustforgettoreadthesign.Q:Whyisthereasignonthebackofthedoor?ScriptM:Thathistoryexamwasreallyhard.Theessayquestionwasterrible!W:Iknow,IwishIwerelikeDavid.Hehasaphotographicmemory,youknow.Howusefulthatwouldbe!Q:WhatistrueofDavid?Keys:l.C2.D3.A4.B5.CListeningInScriptM:Tellmeyoursecret.You'resuddenlygettingexcellentmarksineverysubject,andyouusedtobeabottom-of-classstudentjustlikeme.W:Simpleenough.Ireadanarticleinascientificjournalthatstudyingwithremembering,basedonrecentresearchintothebrain.M:Aw,thatstuffsoldhat:studyatthesametimeeveryday,besureyourclothesarecomfortable,andmakesureyouhaveenoughlight,blah-blah-blah.W:Notsofast,wiseguy.I'mtalkingaboutprincipleslike“MentalVisualization^,creatingapictureinyourmindofwhatistoberemembered.M:Ok,thatdiessounddifferent.Id"Association*'aprinciple—youknow,youconnectwhatyouwanttorememberwithsomethingyou'refamiliarwith?W:Righton!'Consolidation"isanother.Ireviewmynotesrightafterclassandconsolidate—orabsorb-thenewmaterialintowhatI'vealreadylearned.M:You'removingaheadfastwiththoseprinciples.IswearthisweekendI'mgoingtostudysixteenhoursadaybothSaturdayandSunday.W:Whoa,bigguy.That'snottheway.Followtheprincipleof"DistributesPractice".Shorterstudysessionsdistributesoverseveraldaysarebetter.M:Thatsystemisallverywellforyou;you'vegotagoodmemory.Butwhataboutme?I'vegotamemorylikeasieve.W:You'retoomodest.There'snothingwrongwithyourmemory.Butmemoryislikeamuscle;itneedsexercise.Anddon'tforgetit.Whilethemaniswonderingwhythewomanissuddenlygettingexcellentmarks,shesaysshereadanarticleonstudyingandremembering.Ittalksaboutprincipleslike"MentalVisualization",thatis,creatingapictureinone'smindofwhatistoberemembered.Thisremindsthemanoftheprincipleof"Association",whichmeansconnectingwhatonewantstorememberwithsomethingoneisfamiliarwith.Thenthewomanaddstheprincipleof"Consolidation",orreviewingone'snotesafterclassandabsorbingthenewmaterialintowhatonehasakeadylearned.Whenthemanpromisetostudysixteenhoursaday,thewomanrecommendstheprincipleof"DistributedPractice",whichfavorsshorterstudysessionsdistributedoverseveraldays.Finally,thewomantellsthemanthatmemoryislikeamuscle,andthatitneedsexercise.Task2:Youforgetmytoast!ScriptAn80-year-oldcouplewashavingproblemsrememberingthings,sotheydecidetogototheirdoctortoseewhatwaswrongwiththem.Theyexplainedtothedoctorabouttheproblemstheywerehavingwiththeirmemory.Aftercheckingthecoupleover,thedoctortoldthemthattheywerephysicallyokaybutmightneedtostartwritingthingsdowntohelpthemremember.Thecouplethankedthedoctorandleft.LaterthatnightwhilewatchingTV,theoldwomansaidtotheoldman,"Honey,willyoupleasegotothekitchenandgetmeadishoficecream?"Beforethemanleft,sheadded,"Whydon'tyouwritethatdownsoyouwon'tforget?""Nonsense,"saidthehusband,"Icanrememberadishoficecream!""Well,"saidthewife,"I'dlikesomestrawberriesonit.You'dbetterwritethatdownbecauseIknowyourmemoryisfailing."“Don'tbesilly,"repliedthehusband."There'reonlytwothings:adishoficecreamandsomestrawberries.Icansurelyrememberthat!"Withthat,herushedintothekitchen.Afterabouttwentyminuteshereturnedfromthekitchenandhandedheraplateofbaconandeggs.Thewifetookonelookattheplate,glancedupatherhusband,andsaid,“Hey,youforgetthetoast!"Keys:FTFFFTask3:Memory-ImprovingTechniquesScriptTherearemanytechniquesyoucanusetoimproveyourmemory.Someofthemareintroducedher.Firstandforemost,youneedtostimulateyourmemoryallthetime.Toputitsimply,youshoulduseyourmemoryasmuchaspossible.Itisespeciallyimportanttotrytolearnsomethingnew.Ifyouworkinanoffice,learntodance;ifyouareadancer,learntodealwithacomputer,ifyouworkwithsales,andlearntoplaychess;ifyouareaprogrammer,learntopaint.Theseaddedactivitiesstimulatethebrainsothat11continuestofunction.Olderpeopleneedtopayattentiontothingstheyaredealingwith.Don'ttrytomemorizeeverythingthatcatchesyourattention;focusonwhatyouconsiderimportant.Forexample,youcantakeanyobjectsuchasapenandconcentrateonit.Thinkonitsvariouscharacteristics:itsmaterial,itsfunction,itscolor,andsoon.Don'tallowanyotherthoughttooccupyyourmindwhileyouareconcentratinginthatpen.Anothermethodthatcanbeusedistorelaxyourself.Itisimpossibletorememberthingsifyouaretenseornervous.So,tryholdingyourbreathfortenseconds,andthenreleaseitslowly.Associationisalsoapowerfultooltodevelopyourmemory.Forexample,ifyoucannotrememberaperson'sname,youcanthinkaboutaspecialfeatureofhisfaceandthenlinkitwithhismane.What'sseemstobeanespeciallyimportantwaytostimulateone'smemory?Whatseemstobethebestwaytofocusyourmemory?Howcanyouconcentrateonapen?Howcanyourelaxyourselfaccordingtothepassage?Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Kes:1A2.C3.D4.B5.DSpeakingOutMODEL1Itslippedmymind!Amy:Isentouttheinvitationstothedinnerparty.Bill:That'sgood.Nowwhatshouldwedo?Amy:We'vegottoplanthemenu.Bill:Oh,that'sright.Doyouhaveanythinginmind?Amy:IthinkI'mgoingtomakethechickensaladwehadattheChristmasparty.RememberIsledthecheffortherecipe?Bill:Yeah,butdidyouforgetthatLindadoesn'teatchicken?Amy:Linda?Oh,mygosh!IforgottoinviteLinda!Itjustslippedmymind.She'llbemadatme.Bill:Well,everyoneforgetssomethingsometimes.It'snottoolateyet.I'llmakeaphonecall.Don'tworry.Amy:Thanks!Yousee,I'mgettingforgetful.IthinkI'mgettingold!Bill:Lookslikeyouare,sweetheartNowYourTYirnSAMPLEDIALOGA:I'mgoingtothrowaparty,andI'vesentouttheinvitationstomyfriendsandrelatives.B:That'sgood.Butdon'tforgettoinviteeveryoneyoushouldinvite.IthinkI'veinvitedeveryone.Doyouhaveanybodyinmind?DidyouinviteJohn?He'slosthisjobafterrecentquarrelwithhisboss.Oh,mygosh!Iforgottoinvitehim!He'llbesad,thinkingwelookdownonhim.Hejustslippedmymind.Well,everyoneforgetssomethingsometimes.Don'tworry.It'snottoolate.Makeaphonecallrightaway.DidIforgetanybodyelsethatIshouldincite?There'syetanotherpersonyoushouldinvite—Julia.She'sjustmovedtothecityandfeelslonely.Oh,goodheavens,Iforgotallabouther.She'sournewfriend.Yousee,I'mgettingforgetful.IthinkI'mgettingold!Lookslikeyouare,buddy.You'dbetterstartwritingthingsdownifthey'reimportant.MODEL2Ican'tthinkofitoffthetopofmyhead.ScriptJohn:Hey,Sue.DoyouknowwhatJack'shomephonenumberis?Susan:Ican'tthinkofitoffthetopofmyhead.Idon'thavemyaddressbookonme,andIdon'thavemymobilephonewithme,either.John:That'stoobad!I'vegottofindhimnow.It'surgent!IfIcan'tfindhimtoday,I'llbedead!Susan:Youmightwanttolookitupinthephonebook.John:I'vecheckedalready,butitseemsthathidphonenumberisunlisted.Susan:Maybeit'sunderhisroommate'sname.John:Well,1guessso.Susan:Well,whydon'tyoucallJane?Shehashisphonenumber.John:I'vetried,butnooneanswered!Susan:Maybecallhisofficeandaskhissecretary.John:Fvealreadytried.Shewon'ttellme.Shesaysit'sprivate.Susan:Oh,that'sright.Theyusuallydon'treleaseprivateinformationoverthephone.John:It'sapity.Youusuallyhaveapowerfulmemory,butyoucan'thelptoday.What'swrongwithyou?Yourmemoryseemstobefadingearly.Susan:Ifsnotmymemoryisfading.Idohavememoryforfaceandnames,butapooronefornumberanddatesNowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGHey,doyourememberwhenisthelectureonthevalueofinformationbyProfessorSmith?Ican'tthinkofitoffthetopofmyhead.Maybewecanlookitupinournotebook,butIdon'thaveminewithme.That'stoobas!Idon'thaveitwithme,either.Doyourememberthenumberofthelecturehail?Sorry,Ican'tthinkofitoffmyhead.A:I'mterriblyinterestedinthelecture.Ican'tmissit!B:Well,whydon'tyoucallthedeanwhoarrangedthelecture?A:I'mafraidit'snotverywisetoaskthedeandirectly.B:Thenmaybeyoucancalltheofficeifthedepartmentandaskthesecretary.A:I'vealreadytried,butnooneanswered.B:Oh!Youusuallyhaveapowerfulmemory,butyoucan'thelptoday.Youmemoryseemstobefadingearly.It'snitthatmymemoryisfading.Idohaveagoodmemoryforfacesandnames,butapooronefornumbersanddates.MODEL3What'swrongwithyourmemory?ScriptBill:Hi,honey!MytriptoLondonwaswonderful.Amy:Tellmewhatthrilledyoumost.[ThetelephoneringsandBillanswersit....Hehangsup.]Bill:Er,wherewasI?Amy:YouweretalkingaboutyourtourinLondon.Bill:Oh,yeah.Amy:Ibetyouhadagreattime.Bill:Yes,IparticularlyenjoyedvisitingthetowerofLondon.Amy:Howdidyougetthere?Bybusorunderground?Bill:Letmesee....Sorry,Ican'trememberanymore.Amy:What'swrongwithyourmemory?Bill:Ihopeit'snotAlzheimer'sdisease.Idon'twanttoforgetmyownname.Amy:Idon'tthinkso.Perhapsit'sjusttemporaryforgetfulness.You'llberightafteragoodsleep.Bill:Ihopeso.Butasthisishappeningsooftenrecently,IthinkImustgotoseeadoctorandgetsomepillsAmy:It'snotasserousasthat.Anyway,Iwishyouhadagoodmemoryforhappyevents,andabadoneforunhappythings.NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGHey,mytriptoBeijingwasfantastic.Tellmewhatthrilledyoumost.[ThedoorbellringsandAanswerit....Acomesback.]WherewasI?YouweretalkingaboutyourtourinBeijingA:Oh,yeah.B:Ibetyouhadagreattime.A:Yes,IparticularlyenjoyedvisitingtheForbiddenCityandtheGreatWall,thoughtheadmissionfeeswereabittoohighforme.B:Whatwerethefees?A:Letmesee....Sorry,Ican'trememberanymore.B:What'swrongwithyourmemory?A：Ihopeit'snotAlzheimer'sdisease.Idon'twanttoseealotofnewpeopleeveryday.B:Idon'tthinkso.Perhapsyouonlyforgetthingsmomentarily.You'llberightafteragoodsleep.A：Ihopeso.Butasthisishappeningsooftenrecently,IthinkIhavetoseeadoctor.B：Idon'tthinkit'ssoserious.Anyway,abadmemoryhelpsyouforgetyourtrouble.V.LefsTalkScriptStudent:Professor,thankyouforgrainingmethisinterview.I'mSusan,areporterfromtheStudentUnionmagazine.Manystudentshavedifficultlymemorizingthings.Sinceyou4reanoutstandingpsychologist,couldyougiveussometipsonhowtopimproveourmemory?Professor:Well,somepeoplehavebettermemoriesthanothers,butthat'slargelybecausetheyarebetteratcreatingmentalimages.Student:IfI'mnotgoodatcreatingimages,whatcanIdo?Professor:Practicehelps.Andthemindremembersthingsbetteriftheyareconnectedwithotherimages.Forexample,Iyouhavetopickupseveralitemsatthegrocerystore,say,carrots,egg,bananas,andmilk,youcancreateapictureinyourmindofagiantcarrot,andhangingfromit,abanana.Student:ThenIcouldhaveagiantmilkcartonpouringmilkoverthecarrotandbanana.Professor:Certainly.Thenwhatwouldyoudowiththeegg?Student:Hmmm.Tdvisualizeanegg-shapedUFOflyingacrossthesky.Professor:Thereyougo.Themoreyouapplytheideas,theeasieritgets.Besidescreatingpictures,there'sanothertechniquethatisveryuseful.Student:Whatisit?Professor:Establishinganassociation.Supposeyouarelookingforlostkeys.Relax,andletyourmindlookforalltheimagesconnectedwiththosekeys—theirfeel,thesoundstheymake.Student:Howwillthathelp?Professor:Youmightrememberthesoundthekeysmadewhenyouplacedtheninadrawerorcoldtouchofthekeysinyourjacketwereyouleftthem.Student:Ohmygosh!Ihavetorun.It'stimemyEnglishclass.Iseeanimageofmyteacherstaringatmyemptyseatintheclassroom.Manythanks,Professor.Professor:Notatall,andgoodluckwithyourmemory.WaysofImprovingOne'sMemoryExamplesCreatingimagesToremembertheitemstobuysatthegrocerystoresuchascarrots,bananas,andmilkImagesthatyoumayhelp:1.agiantcanotandabananahangingfromit2.agiantmilkcartonpouringmilkoverthecarrotandbanana3.anegg-shapedUFOflyingacrocs(heskyEstablishingassociationsTofindyourlostkeysAssociationswithsoundtouchthatmayhelp:1.Thesoundofthekeysmightremindyouofy\havingplacedtheninadrawer.2.Thecoldtouchofthekeysmightremindyouoftheminyourjacket.DiscussionSAMPLEAswejustheardfromtheinterview,thetechniqueofassociatingcertainlyimportantinpromotingmemory.Andaccordingtotheinterview,creatingimageshelpsrememberthings.Ifyourshoppinglistincludeseggs,youmightvisualizeaneggoranegg-shapedUFOflyingacross.Anotherimportantfactorinimprovingmemorycanbeofinterest.Ifyougetinterestedinsomething,youcanrememberitbetter.Yeah.Andifyourecognizefactsintomeaningfulgroups,youcanrememberthembetter.Forinstance,ifyouwanttomemorizeallthenamesofAmericanpresidents,itisnoteasy.If,however,youarrangethemchronologicallyintothreeperiods:thosebeforeAbrahamLincoln,thosebetweenAbrahamLincolnandFranklinRoosevelt,andthoseafter,thenthetaskwillbelessdifficult.A:Itiscommonsensethatifyouglanceatsomethingquickly,youtendtoforgetitquickly.Ifyoustuffyitslowly,youcanrememberitbetter.B:Anothertechniqueisintensivepracticeorrepeating.Asasayinggoes,practicemakesperfect.Ifyourepeatsomethingagainandagain,youwilleventuallylearnitbyheart.A:Butweshouldnotworktoohard.Whenwegettired,ourlearningefficiencydeclines.Weneedbreakssothemindcanrestandabsorbwhathasbeenlearned.VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTaskl:TheRoleMemoryPlaysinOurLifeScriptSincememoryplaysasignificantroleinourlife,scrientistsareincreasinglyinterestedinresearchonhowtoimprovermemory,Herearesomefactorstheybelievetobeimportanttoexpandingmemorycapacity.Tobeginwith,youmusttakespecialcareinyourdailylife.Foodforexample,isveryimportant.Somevitaminsareessentialfoeyourmemorytoworkproperly.Theyarefoundinbread,cereal,vegetablesandfruits.Someexpertssaythatsynthesizesvitaminsimprovememory,butothershavedoubtsaboutthis,arguingthatthestudieshavenotconfirmedtheydowork.Anotheressentialfactoriswater.Ithelpstomaintainthememorysystems,especiallyinolderpersons.AccordingtoDr.Roswell,lackofwaterinthebodyhasanimmediateandstrongeffectonmemory;itcancauseconfusionandotherthoughtdifficulties.Sleepalsoplaysasignificantrole.Tobeabletohaveagoofmemory,wemustallowthebraintohaveplentyofrest.Whilesleeping,thebrainnolongercontrolsthesenses,andstartstoreviseandstoretheinformationonehasreceives.Lackofsleepwouldmakeonefeelexhaustedandwouldweakenone'sabilitytoconcentrate.Also,one'abilitytostoreinformationwouldbeaffected.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whyarefoodsimportantinpromotingmemoryaccordingtothepassage?Towhomiswaterespeciallyimportantinmaintainingthememorysystem?Whatproblemcanalackofwatercause?Whyissleepimportanttomemory?Keys:1.A2.B3.D4.D5.CUnit6II.BasicListeningPracticeScriptW:Arethosecigarettesyours?Ithoughtyouquit.Ifyougobacktoit,yourteethandfingerswillbenicotine-stained;yourbreathandclotheswillsmellsmoky.M:Ididn't.Iswear.Adsshowingdiseasedlungskeptmefromstartingagain.Believeme,I'llneveragainbeaslavetosmoking.Q:Whydidn'tthemangobacktosmoking?ScriptM:What'sthatnoise?It'sreallyloud!Soundslikegunshots!W:It'sthelocal"youth"throwingfirecrackers.Don'tgoout.They'relikelytothrowoneatyouorputonethroughtheletterboxifyoubotherthem.Q:Whatmaytheyoungpeopledo?ScriptM:IwishIhadleftmywalletathome.ButI'msureIputitinmybackpocket.W:Oh,no,it'seasyforapickpockettotakeitfromthere.Youshouldoutyourmoneyinyourbreastpocket.Q:Whatshouldthemando,accordingtotheconversation?ScriptM:Ihatethatsubwaystation.Wheneveryoucomeour,you'realwaysplaguedbybeggars.W:Iknow,butthekidsreallygettome.Ican'thelpbutfeelsorryforthem.Theylooksomiserable.Q:Whatdothemanandwomanthinkabouttheyoungbeggars?ScriptM:Thebankcallmetoday:theywantedtoknowifIspent3,000dollarsinafurnitureshopthismorning!OfcourseIdidn't!W:Someonemust'vemadeacopyofyourcreditcard.It'seasilydone.You'llhavetocancelitatonceandgetanewone.Hopefully,thebankwillcoverthedamage.Q:Whatdoesthewomanrecommendthemantodo?Keys:l.C2.C3.B4.A5.DIII.ListeningInTask1:HowtoSolveUnemploymentProblemScriptAlan:Ihaveameetingwithmyaccountanttomorrowmorning.She'spreparingmyincometaxreturn,andIneedtogooversomeofthereceiptswithher.Pamela:Incometaxreturn!Don'tyouthinkthegovernmentjustsquandersourhard-earnedtaxonsomeunnecessaryprojects?Alan:Sure,someonetheydo,butwearelivingprettywelland,tobehonest,Idon'tmindpayingtaxes.IfI'mpayingincometax,itmeansI'mearningwouldbemuchlower.Pamela:Ifthepoorwouldjustgetjobs,ourtaxeswouldbemuchlower.Alan:Mostpeoplewouldratherworkthanreceivecharity,butthesituationiscomplex:sometimestherearenojobsthattheyaretrainedfor.Pamela:Thentheyshouldtaketheneededtraining一upgradetheirskillsandknowledgetobecomemoreemployable.Alan: Trainingandupgradingcostmoney.Somegovernmenttaxdollarsaredirectedtoprogramsthathelpthepoorgetjobs.Pamela:Butevenwhenjobsareavailable,someoftheunemployeddon'twanttowork.Theywouldratherhaveahandout.Alan: It'spartlyamatterofeducation.Somepeoplehavetobeeducatedtorealizehowmuchfullertheirlifewouldbeiftheywerenotdependentoncharity.Pamela:Ithinkthegovernmentshouldattackunemploymentbyreducingthetaxrate.Thatwouldputmoremoneyintopeople'spockets,thentheywouldspendmore,andthespendingwouldcreatemorejobsforthepoor.Alan:Manypeoplewouldagreewithyou.Alan'saccountantispreparinghisincometaxreturn,soheneedstogooversomeofthereceiptswither.Pamelacomplainsthatthegovernmentjustsquanderspeople'shard-earnedtaxmoneyonsomeunnecessaryprojects.ButAlandoesnotmindpayingtaxes,sayingitmeansheisearningmoney,whichisbetterthanlivingoncharity.Pamelainsiststhatifthepoorwouldjustgetjobs,taxeswouldbeemuchlower.Alandisagrees,sayingmostpeoplewouldratherworkthanreceivecharity,butsometimestherearenojobsthattheyaretrainedfor.ButPamelaassertsthatthejoblesspeopleshouldtaketheneededtrainingtoupgradetheirskillsandknowledgetobecomemoreempfoyable.Alanbelievesthatsomeofthegovernmenttaxdollarsarealreadydirectedtotrainingandupgradingprogramsthathelpthepoortogetjobs.WhenPamelasayssomeoftheunemployeddon'twanttowork,preferringtohavehandouts,Alanpointsoutthatsomepeoplehavetobeeducatedtorealizehowmuchfullertheirlifewouldbeiftheyerenotdependentoncharity.Pamelais,however,moredown-to-earth,thinkingthegovernmentshouldattackunemploymentbyreducingthetaxrate.Thatwouldgivepeoplemoremoney;then,theywouldspendmore,whichwouldcreatemorejobsforthepoor.Task2:AProfessionalGamblerScriptInabaraguytoldthebartender,"I'maprofessionalgambler;I'vemadeoflotsofmoneyfromgambling."Thebartenderanswered,44Icanhardlybelieveit.Youroddsarefifty-fiftyatbest,right?""Well,Ionlybetonsurethings,“saidtheguy.“Likewhat?"askedthebartender.Thebartenderthoughtaboutit,“Okay,"hesaid.Sotheguypulledouthisfalserighteyeandbitit,“Ah,youscrewedme,"saidthebartender,andpaidtheguyfiftydollars.“I'llgiveyouanotherchance.I'llbetyouanotherfiftydollarsthatIcanbitemylefteye,"saidthestranger.Thebartenderthoughtitoveragainandsaid,“Well,Icanseeyou'renotblind.I'lltakethatbet."So,theguypulledouthisfalseteethandbithislefteye.Andthebartenderhadtopayhimanotherfiftydollars.Thentheguywenttothebackroomtoplaycardswithsomeofthelocals.Aftermanyhoursofdrinkingandcardplaying,hestumblesuptothebartenderandsaid,“Bartender,I'llgiveyouonelastchance.I'llbetyou500dollarsthatIcandumptomatojuiceintothatwhiskeybottlethreefootawaywithoutspillingadrop."Thebartenderthoughttheguymustbedrunknow,“〇kay,you'reon,"hesaid.Theguybegandumpingtomatojuicealloverthebartender,butnoadropfellintothewhiskeybottle.Thebartenderwasoverjoyed.Laughing,thebartendersaid,“Hey,pal,youowemefivehundreddollars!"Theguysaid,"That'sokay.Ijustbettheguysinthecardrooml,000buckseach,thatIcoulddumptomatojuicealloveryoubutyoustilllaugh!"Keys:TFTFTForReferenceBecausenotadroptomatojuicefellintothewhiskeybottle,andhewastowinthebetof500dollars.Becausehejustbettheguysincardroom1,000buckeachthathecoulddumptomatojuicealloverthebartenderandstillmakehimlaugh.Task3:FightingTeenSmokingScriptThepercentageofteenswhosmokecigarettesdroppedto28%in2003,accordingtoareportbytheCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Thatwasdownfrom36%in1999asmeasuredbytheYouthRiskBehaviorSurvey.It'satriumphformanypeopleacrossthenationwhoworkedtirelesslytoreversetheclimbinteensmokingratesduringthe1990s.Anequalaccomplishmentmanybediscoveryofwhatworkstoinfluenceteens'motivationandbehavior.Successhascomeincommunitieswithacomprehensiveprogramtofighttobaccousebyteens.Thebestschoolhealthclasseswon'thavemucheffectonteenwhoalreadysmoke.Manyofthemneedprofessionalhelpbeforetheycanquit.Anotherinterestingfindingisthatnearlyallfirstuseoftobaccooccursbeforehighschoolgraduation.Soifadolescentsdon'tstartsmokingbyage18,oddsaretheyneverwill.Forthosewhodoexperimentwithcigarettes,newresearchshowsteenscangethookedonnicotinemorequicklythanadultsandbyextremelylowlevelsoftobacco.Nowthebadnews:whiletheteensmokingrateisdownto28%,thatstillmeansmorethanoneinfourteenagersstillsmoke.Publichealthandparentsarenotreadytoabandonaquarteroftoday'syoungpeopletothedamagingeffectsoftobacco.Obviously,itisstilltooearlytocelebrateacompletevictory.Thereisstillmuchroomforimprovement.Whatpercentagedidtheteensmokingratedropby?Whathappenedinthe1990s,accordingtothespeaker?Usefulforreducingteensmokingaccordingtothespeaker?Whatisespeciallyusefulforreducingteensmokingaccordingtothespeaker?Whatisthebadnewsmentionedinthepassage?Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Kes:1D2.A3.B4.C5.ForReferenceBeforetheageof18.Accordingtothepassage,ifadolescentsdon'tstartsmokingbyage18,oddsaretheyneverwill.IV.SpeakingOutMODEL1Nursinghomeabuseisanationalepidemic.John:Nora,whatareyoudoing?Whatarethesenotesabout?Nora:Well,theyarefora1000wordessayonabuseontheelderly,dueMonday.John:That'sabigtopic.Whatmadeyoudecidetowriteaboutthatsubject?Nora:Granny'sgoingintoanursinghome.Andthisessayisdrivingmecrazy.John:Narrowdownthetopic.Pickoneaspect,likenursinghome.Doanoutline.Nora:Youmeanlisttheideasunderheadings:Introduction,Body,andtheConclusion?John:Yes.IntheIntroduction,saypeoplelivelongernow,crowingnursinghomes.Nora:ThenmaybeintheBodyIcanexplainhowtheownerstrytosavemoneyonfoodandcare.John:Right.HereIseeagoodquotation:"Nursinghomeabuseisanationalepidemic."Nora:1havestatistics:500homesinspected;inone-third,carewassubstandard.John:Mentiongovernmentofficesandlawyerswho'llhelpincasesofabuse.Nora:Then,IthinkIcansummarizethemainideasaboutthehelplesselderlyintheConclusion.John:Good.Whenyou'vewrittenafirstdraft,readitaloudtoeliminateawkwardspots.Nora:I'mfeelingalotbetteraboutthisessayandalotlessworriedaboutGrannynow.John:Theessayisapieceofcake;butensuringGranny'sOKisalotharder.NowYourTYirnSAMPLEDIALOGOh,Bobby,soyou'vecometoseemeagain.Howareyoudoing?HopeeveryoneisOKhere.MyGod,Icanhardlybearthelifehere.Thisnursinghomeisdrivingcrazy.What'swrong?>Yousee,therearetomanyoldpeoplehere,butfartoosmallastaff.Yeah,that'sprobablybecausepeoplelivelongernow,crowdingnursinghomes.Sowecanhardilygetattention.Theownertriestosavemoneyonfoodandcare.Isee,nursinghomeabuseisnowaverycommonproblem.Iheardofonesurveywithstatistics:300homeswereinspects,andinnearlyhalfofthemcarewassubstandard.Sometimestheyevenbeatme.Idon'tknowwhereandhowIcangethelp.Intheorygovernmentofficesandlawyerscanhelpyouincasesofabuse.