英语升本材料

时^^出题形式在专升本考试中,测试要求考生掌握几种最为普遍的且又是运用时易出错的情况。时态测试题型一般有以下两类:其ー,句子中给出特定的时间状语。ー看便知应该选择何种时态。其二,给出特定的语言环境（上下文或主从复合句），通过对比分析,方可断出答案。1、一般现在时表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,表示客观规律和永恒真理等。句中常有〇什en,always,fromtimetotime等时间状语;如:Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.EricusuallygoestochurcheverySundaymorning.Tomtoldmelastweekheis21.WandaPlazaissituatedonMaanshanRoad.考点ー・.表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用ー般现在时。如:IlearnedthattheearthgoesaroundthesunwhenIwas9.考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有:时I日］:when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/theminute/theday/theinstant;条件:if,unless,provided.Ifshewillacceptthejob,shewillbecomerich.Ifsheacceptsthejob,shewillbecomerich.考忌二;在makesure(certain丿,seetoit,mind,care,matter十兵语从句,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Makesurethatallthelightsareoffbeforeyouleavetheoffice.贴心叮嘱:在Ihope,Ibet之后的宾语从句中,既可以直接用将来时态,也可以用一般现在时代替将来。所以,要引起重视。如:Ihopethatthey(will)acceptmypresent.考点四:在themore...themore...（越......越......）句型中,若主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时。Theharderyoustudy,thebetterresultsyouwillget.Themoreyoupay,themoreyouwillgain.2、现在进行时表说话这ー时间点或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动.如:エamlecturingnow.Thestadiumisbeingbuiltthesedays.考点一:与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again,forever等连用,表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。如:Tomisalwayscominglateforclass.Thelittleboyisalwaysmakingtrouble.LaoWangisforeverboasting.考点二:表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。这仅限于表示位移的动词。如:gozcome,leave,start,returnetc.MaryisleavingonFriday.AcoupleofmystudentsareflyingtoBritaintomorrow.MyparentsarecomingherenextweekandarestayinghereuntilSeptember.考点三:表示动作的短暂性。如:Mywatchisworkingperfectly.Youarebeingverypolitetoday.Tomisverypolite.EricisnowlivinginShanghai.EriclivesinShanghai.3、灯时

(★)常见的不确定的时间状语:lately;recently,just,already,yet,uptonow;tillnow;sofar,thesedays,用法有两:其ー,完成用法。动作发生在过去,到说话时刻已经结束。如:Hehasturnedoffthelight.其二,未完成用法。动作始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。如:IhavelivedinHefeisince2000.考点ー:for+时间段只修饰延续性动作的动I可〇since+时间点TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.TheyhavelivedinBeijingsince1995.PeterhascometoChinaforfiveyears.PeterhasbeeninChinaforfiveyears.考点二・.现在完成时在since分句中的用法。即havedonesince+didIhaven'tseenhimsincehisweddingday.Ihaven'tseenhersinceshewrotetomelastyear.试着翻译下面两个句子:Thehousehasbeeninbadrepairsincehelivadin计.Ihaven'thadbarbecuesinceIwasastudentatAnhuiUniversity.Since+短暂性动词翻译为:自从这个动作以来…Since+延续性动词翻译为:自从这个以来…考点三・.在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来……"时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时。时间状语如:inthepastfewyears/months/weeks/days；overthepastfewyears;duringthelastthreemonths;forthelastfewcenturies,throughcenturies;throughouthistory等Priceshavebeenontheriseinthepastfewmonths.Theyhavemadeamazingachievementsduringthelastfewyears.考点四:在“エt/Thisisthefirst/second/best(worst,mostinteresting)+名词+that-clausen后面是艮现在完成时。ThisismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.Thatistheonlybookthathehaswritten.4.现在完成进行时它表示从过去某个时刻起持续到现在仍可能持续下去的动作。如:Shehasbeenwritingaletterallafternoon.Howlonghasitbeenraining?5.一・股:^S去时（★）表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday;lastweek;in1945,atthattime;once;duringthewar;before;afewdaysago;when如:WhenshewasinHefei,shecametoseemeeveryweek.HisfatherwasanEnglishteacherallhislife.HisfatherhasbeenanEnglishteacherallhislife.重点考点:usedto+do,表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式,后接动词原形。woulddoHeusedtosmokealot.Peopleusedtobelievethattheearthwasflat.JohnwouldsitforhourswithoutsayingawordHewouldgototheparkassoonashewasfree.be/become/getusedto+doing,表示习惯于Hehasgotusedtogettingupearly.6.过去进行时(easy)表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作.它通常描述事件发生的背景。ー个动作正在进行时另ー个动作突然发生。如:Hewastakingawalkleisurelybythelakewhenheheardsomeoneshoutforhelp.7.过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用(before,after,byzuntiletc.).如:Bytheendoflesttermwehadfinishedthebook.Theyfinishedearlierthanwehadexpected.考点ー:用于hardly/scarcely...when;nosooner...than句型中,主句用haddone,从句用did.如:Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenshecametopickmeup.Nosoonerhadエarrivedhomethanthetelephonerang.（注意主谓倒装）考点ニ:动词hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan用过去完成时,表示过去未实现的愿望、打算和意图。可表“失望、惋惜”意味。如:IhadhopedthatIcoulddothejob.IhadintendedtoseeyoubutIwastoobusy.8.一般将来时表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow,nextyear,in2010等表示将来的时间状语连用,其表现形式多种多样、丰富多彩。如:Londonwillhostthe30thOlympicGamesin2012.考点ー:关于"shall/will"的用法。传统文法谈得很多,同时各文法学家的理论也不很一致。更重要的是英国人和美国人对"shall/will"的用法规则并不很ー致,也不太严谨,所以学习时需要技巧,做到中规中矩。①说或写都尽量使用Til,Youll,He'll,She'll,It'll,We'll,They'll..."的简缩形。②要表达主语的“意志”,通常都用“will"（文法上称为意愿将来。）例A：Iwon'tseehimagain.例B： Whowillgoandhelpthatpooroldman? Marywill.考点二:begoingtodocf.betodoWhatareyougoingtodoafterthetutoringclass.Lookatthosedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.Look!Thecarisgoingtoturnover.TheyaretobemarriedinthisAugust.Youaretoaccomplishtheassignmentsbynoon.Iamtoplaybasketballthisafternoon.Iamgoingtoplaybasketballthisafternoon.考点三:beabouttodocf.benotabouttodoHeisabouttoleave.Pleasewaitaminute.Ourbossisabouttocomeout.Johnisnotabouttodothatagain,(beunwillingto)判断下面这个句子是否正确?ThenewsemesterisabouttostartinSeptember.考点四:某些表示短暂性动作的动词（位移动词）如arrive,come,go,leave,start等,可用现在进行时形式表示将来。IamleavingforBeijingtoseetheclosingceremonyoftheOlympicstomorrow.考点五:"祈使句+and/or+句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.Workhardandcarefully,oryouwillgetthebird.考点六:ffionthepoint(vergezbrink,eve)of表"即将”〇Heisonthepointofmakingaround-the-worldtour.Thecountryisonthebrinkofevenbiggerdisaster.Thetwocountriesareonthevergeofwar.9、将来进行时表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情（客观将来）。IIIbegivingyouthelecturethistimethedayaftertomorrow.Thetrainwillbearrivingat2o'clock.10、将来完成时表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。高频考点: 常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:bytheendofthisyear,by8oclockthisevening,byMarchnextyear以及由bythetime...,before或when等引导的副词从句。例子:Bytheendofthismonth,youwillhavelearned3,000Englishwords.Bythetimeyoureachthestation,thetrainwillhaveleft.BynextTuesday,Iwillhavegotreadyfortheexams.白勺,谷bedonecan/mustbedonebebeingdonehavebeendone语态考点.不知、不必或不愿说出动作的执行者或发出者。这时就需要用被动语态。Thepresidentwasmurdered.总统被谋杀了。Anewsupermarketwillbebuiltinthisdistrict.这个地区将要建一座新的大型超市。Mywallethasbeenstolen,我钱包被人偷了。.及物动词有被动语态,不及物动词没有被动语态。比如:happen,become,rise,occur,belong,breakout,appear,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail,succeed卒Allthepeoplelavearrived.Hisdreamcametrueatlast..有些动词用主动形式出现,但是意思是被动的。这次词包括:wash,clean,cook,look,sell,read,feel,drive,write等。Thebooksellswell.这本书很畅销。Thependoesn'twritewell.这支笔不好写。.在need,require,want,beworth（形容词）,deserve后用ーing主动形式代替被动。Thisroomneedscleaning.Thisbookisworthreadingtwice.2008真题第24题（安徽省）Theoldfolksongiswellworth.A.listeningB.listeningtoC.tolistenD.tolistento2009真题第8题（河南省）ThegardenrequiresA.watering B.beingwateredC.towater D.havingwatered5.特殊结构:makesbheard/understood（使另リ人能听见/理解自己）have/getsthdone（要某人做某事）怎样ヌ快ヌ准地做好日寸态题?ー答:“四大宝典”Scan时间状语。Withtherapidgrowthofpopulation,thecityinalldirectionsinthepastfiveyears.A.spreadsB.hasspreadC.spreadD.hadspeadAtthistimetomorrowovertheAtlantic.weregoingtoflyweIIbeflyingwe11flyweretofly2.Use连接词来确定Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness.A.hasgrownB.isgrowingC.grewD.hadgrownLet'skeeptothepointorweanydecision.willneverreac