2020年高等全国卷1英语

162020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）英语注意事项:答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。Wherearethespeakers?Ataswimmingpool.B.Inaclothingshop.C.Ataschoollab.【答案】B【解析】【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。WhatwillTomdonext?Turndownthemusic.B.Postponetheshow.C.Stoppracticing.【答案】C【解析】【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。Whatisthewomanbusydoing?Workingonapaper.Tidyinguptheoffice.Organizingaparty.【答案】C【解析】【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。WhenwillHenrystarthisvacation?Thisweekend.B.Nextweek.C.AttheendofAugust.【答案】A【解析】【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。WhatdoesDonnaoffertodoforBill?Bookaflightforhim.B.Drivehimtotheairport.C.Helphimparkthecar.【答案】B【解析】【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。WhydoesPetecallLucy?Tosaythathe'llbelate.B.Totellherabouthiswork.C.Toinvitehertodinner.WhenisPetegoingtoseeLucy?At6:00pm.B.At6:45pm.C.At8:00pm.【答案】6.A7.B

【解析】【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。WhydoesCathywanttoquitherjob？She'lljoinanotherfirm.She'llrunherownbusiness.She'sfedupwithit.WhatisMark'sattitudetowardsCathy'sdecision?C.Supportive.C.RecommendanForgiving.C.Supportive.C.RecommendanWhatmightCathydoforthepresentcompany?Applyforaproject.B.Trainanewperson.engineer.【答案】8.A9.C10.B【解析】【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。Howdidthemanfeelabouthisperformancetoday?Greatlyencouraged.Abitdissatisfied.Terriblydisappointed.Whatdidthemansayhelpedhimovercometheproblem?A.Patience.Luck.Determination.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Conductinganinterview.Holdingapressconference.Hostingaceremony.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【解析】【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。Whatisnexttotheapartmentbuilding？Arestaurant.Alaundry.Agrocerystore.Whichisincludedintherent？A.Electricity.BTheInternet.C.SatelliteTV.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheapartment？A.It'squitelarge.It'swellfurnished.It'sworththemoney.【答案】14.C15.A16.C【解析】【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。WhereisJefffrom？A.Liverpool.Coventry.Newcastle.WheredoyoungmengotowatchbiggamesaccordingtoJeff？A.Pubs.Stadiums.Friends'homes.WhydoesJeffhavetopickateamtosupport？A.Toavoidbeingbothered.Toopenaconversation.Toearnrespectfromothers.WhatdoesJeffmainlytalkabout？England'smomentofsuccess.Englishflagasasymbolofhope.England'sall-timefavouritesport.【答案】17.B18.A19.A20.C【解析】【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATrainInformationAllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation，pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled，therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.Lostproperty（失物招领）CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated（（立于）atRomaStreetstation.PublicholidaysOnpublicholidays,generallyaSundaytimetableoperates.Oncertainmajoreventdays，i.e.AustraliaDay,AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays,specialadditionalservicesmayoperate.ChristmasDayservicesoperatetoaChristmasDaytimetable，B.auorcallTransLinkon131230anytime.CustomersusingmobilitydevicesManystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetothestationplatforms.Forassistance,pleaseQueenslandRailon131617.Guardiantrains（outbound）DepartOriginDestinationArrive6:42pmAltandiVarsityLakes7:37pm7:29pmCentralVarsityLakes8:52pm8:57pmFortitudeValleyVarsityLakes9:52pm11:02pmRomaStreetVarsityLakes12:22amWhatwouldyoudogettickerinformation?A.CallA.Call131617.Askatthelocalstation.Checkthetrainschedule.Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?Altandi.B.RomaStreet.C.VarsityLakes.D.FortitudeValley.WhichtrainwouldyoutakeifyougofromCentraltoVarsityLakes?A.6:42pm.B.7:29pm.C.8:57pm.D.11:02pm.【答案】21.C22.B23.BBReturningtoabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There'sawelcomefamiliarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon'tchange,peopledo.Andthat'swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It'strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it'sallaboutthepresent.It'saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisEmestHemningway'sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxic令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard'sHolytheFirm,herpoe随笔)97i5)oiutmble(everythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar'sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becaupoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksarethonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it'syouthathastogrowandreadandrerordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?Itevaluatesthew-reiatdeerrrelationship.It'sawindowtoawholenewworld.I.t'sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeas!?It'sabriefaccountofatrip.It'saboutHemingway'slifeasayoungman.It'sarecordofahistoricevent.It'saboutHemingway'sfriendsinParis.Whatdoestheunderlinedw＂orcdurrenc＂yinparagraph4referto?DebtReward.CAllowance.D.Facevalue.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?Helovespoetry.He'saneditor.He'sveryambitious.Heteachesreading.【答案】24.D25.B26.B27.ACRacewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact（接触）withthegroundatalltimes.It'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories（卡路里）perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?Theymustrunlongdistances.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.It'slesschallengingphysically.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.WhatisDr.Norberg'ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts'opinions.Havingamedicalcheckup.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.Doingregularexercises.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.Tolerant.D.Conservative.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.BDTheconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanothe，remployeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-/r/hefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonand＂ofsfwitch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoffarremovedfromthepowersd电TO-SUchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighwaylotofenergyislostduringtr8传输）ssion（GlowingplantscoUldredUcethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.WhatisthefirstparagraphmainlyaboUt?AnewstUdyofdifferentplants.Abigfallincrimerates.EmployeesfromvarioUsworkplaces.Benefitsfromgreenplants.WhatisthefUnctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?Todetectplants'lackofwaterTochangecompositionsofplantsTomakethelifeofplantslonger.Totestchemicalsinplants.WhatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefUtUre?TheywillspeedUpenergyprodUction.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.TheymighthelpredUceenergyconsUmption.TheycoUldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?Howdowelivewithglowingplants?CoUldglowingplantsreplacelamps?Howareglowingplantsmadepol-lfUrteieo?n【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.C第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AFewTipsforSe-AlcfceptanceWeallwantittoacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.36Here'sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.•37Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.•Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings,ourmistakesandourfailures.38Youwillmakemistakes,timeandtimeagain.Ratherthangettingcaughtupinhowyoucouldhavedonebetter,whynotofferyourselfacompassionate有同情心）response?＂Thatdidn'tgoasplanned.But,Itriedmybest.＂•Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.39•Nowthatyou'velistedyourstrengths,listyourimperfections.Turnthepageinyourjournal.Putintowordswhyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudon'tfeelgoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbacktoyourself.40Turntoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouare?Feelingupsetagain?Wheredoyoustart?Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.Remember,youareonlyhuman.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?【答案】36.B37.F38.D39.C40.A第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Sinceourtwinsbeganlearningtowalk,mywifeandIhavekepttellingthemthatourslidingglassdoorisjustawindow.The41isobvious.Ifwe42itisadoor,they'llwanttogooutside43.Itwilldriveuscrazy.Thekidsapparentlyknowthe44.Butourinsistingit's45awindowhaskeptthemfrom46millionsofrequeststoopenthedoor.Ihatelyingtothekids.Onedaythey'll47anddiscoverthateverythingthey'vealwaysknownaboutwindowsisa48.1wonderif49shouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe50.Ihaveaverystrong51thattheliewe'retellingisdoing52damagetoourchildren.Windowsanddoorshave53metaphorical（比匕喻）meanings.I'mtellingthemtheycan'topenwhattheyabsolutelyknowisadoor.Whatiflaterin54theycometoametaphoricaldoor,likeanopportunity（机会）ofsomesort,and55openingthedoorandtakingtheopportunity,theyjust56itandwonder,"Whatifitisn'tadoor?"Thatis,"Whatifitisn'ta57opportunity?"Maybeit'sanunreasonablefear.Butthe58isthatIshouldn'tlietomykids.Ishouldjust59repeatedlyhavingtosay,"No.Wecan'tgooutsidenow."Thenwhentheycometootherdoorsinlife,betheyrealormetaphorical,theywon't60toopenthemandwalkthrough.41.A.reliefB.targetC.reasonD.case42.A.admitB.believeC.meanD.realize43.A.graduallyB.constantlyC.temporarilyD.casually44.A.resultB.dangerC.methodD.truth45.A.merelyB.slightlyC.hardlyD.partly46.A.reviewingB.approvingC.receivingD.attempting47.A.winoutB.giveupC.wakeupD.standout48.A.dreamB.lieC.fantasyD.fact49.A.parentsB.twinsC.colleaguesD.teachers50A.restrictionsB.explanationsC.differencesD.consequences51.A.demandB.fearC.desireD.doubt52.A.physicalB.biologicalC.spiritualD.behavioral53.A.traditionalB.importantC.doubleD.original54.A.lifeB.timeC.replyD.history55.A.bycomparisonwithB.inadditiontoC.regardlessofD.insteadof56.A.getholdofB.stareatC.knockonD.makeuseof57.A.realB.TypicalC.similarD.limited58.A.safetyruleB.comfortzoneC.bottomlineD.topsecret59.A.delayB.regretC.enjoyD.accept60.A.hurryB.decideC.hesitateD.intend【答案】41.C42.A43.B44.D45.A46.D47.C48.B49.A50.D51.B52.C53.B54.A55.D56.B57.A58.C59.D60.C第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探测器)-thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess61(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPoleAitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot63itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular64(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山)，moreso65thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-466(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.＂Thisreallyexcitesscientists,＂CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,"becauseit67(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68(construct)"Dataaboutthemoon'scomposition,suchashow69iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether70(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.答案】61.erest65.than66.tofind67.means68.isconstructed69.much70.its第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（人），并在