高中英语阅读理解第三部分名人故事练习

第三部分名人故事(三)11.MarkTwain,WelcomeAmericanHumorist马克?吐温—受欢迎的美国幽默作家马克•吐温，真名塞姆•朗赫恩•克列门斯(SamuelLanghorneClemens),是美国的幽默大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名演说家。短篇小说《百万英磅》 、《竞选州长》 和长篇《哈克贝里・芬历险记》、《汤姆・索亚历险记》最为人们所称道。 海伦・凯勒曾言：“我喜欢马克吐温——谁会不喜欢他呢即使是上帝，亦会钟爱他，赋予其智慧，并于其心灵里绘画出一道爱与信仰的彩虹。”威廉・福克纳称马克・吐温为“第一位真正的美国作家， 我们都是继承他而来”。OneofthebestknownAmericanwritersisSamuelLanghorneClemens,whosepennameisMarkTwain.Bornin1855,TwaingrewupintheMississippiRivertownofHannibal,Missouri.Asdidmanyotherboysofhisday,Twaindreamedoftravelingonriverboatsandofsomedaybecomingariverboatpilot.Twainusedhismemoriesofthelifeofarivertowninhistwomostfamousbooks,theAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnandtheAdventuresofTomSawyer.AsayoungmanTwainheldmanyjobs.Hewasaprinter,agoldminer,andforatime,hewasariverboatpilot.Duringhispilotdays,headoptedthenameMarkTwain.Thiswasatermusedbytheboatmentomeanthatthewatermeasuredtwofathoms,ortwelvefeet,whichwasdeepenoughforsafepassage.FinallyTwainbecameasuccessfulwriter.Hetraveledagreatdeal,writingandspeaking,andbecameverypopularbothintheUnitedStatesandinEurope.Twain'sstyleofwritingwassimpleanddirect.Amongthethingshewroteaboutweresuperstitiouspeopleandpeoplewhowereeasilyfooled.Heusedhisunusualgiftforhumortowriteaboutmanythingsofimportance.ComprehensionQuestions:SamuelLanghorneClemens wasasfamousasMarkTwain.isbetterknownthanMarkTwain.grewupintheMississippiRivertownofHannibalwithMarkTwainashisfriend.wasusedbyMarkTwainashispenname.A.atermtoindicateMarkTwain.adepthatwhichboatscansafelypass.wasusedbyboatmentomeasurethedepthofwater.consideredtobedeepenoughforpilotstoswimacrosstheriver.5.Twain’sstyleofwritingis___ ___A.humorousB.simpleC.direct D.alloftheabove.(DDBBD)12.CharlesDickens,OneoftheGreatestEnglishWriters查尔斯 ?狄更斯—英国最伟大的作家之一查尔斯・狄更斯，是英国文学史上唯一可与莎士比亚媲美的伟大作家。 1812年2月7日生于朴次茅斯市郊，1870年6月9日卒于罗切斯特附近的盖茨山庄。一生共创作长篇小说13部半，其中多数是近百万言的大部头作品，中篇小说20余部，短篇小说数百篇，以及大量演说词、书信、散文、杂诗。其中，《圣诞颂歌》、《大卫・科波菲尔》、《双城记》最为人们所称道。他多次去欧洲大陆游历、旅居，两次访问美国。WhenCharlesDickenswasasmallboy,hewassentbyhisparentstoworkinaboot-blackingfactory.Hisparentshadotherchildrenandmanydebtstopay.Charles'sfatherwasputintoprisonforhisdebts.Theboytriedtoraisemoneyenoughtogethimoutbutwasunsuccessful.Atlast,thewholefamilywenttolivewithCharles'sfatherinhisroomintheMarsalseaprison.Thiswasacommonpracticeand,whiletheprisonercouldnotleavethegrounds,thefamiliescouldgoinandoutfreelyuntilthegatewaslockedatnight.Fortherestofhisdays,Dickenswasinterestedinprisons.Wheneverhetraveledthroughstrangetownsandcities,hewenttovisitthem,asothertouristswouldvisitmuseumsandpalaces.Almosteverybookhewrotehasaprisonandsomeprisonersinit.Hehadbeenbornin1812andhadstayedbusyatonekindofworkoranotherfromthetimehewassixyearsofage.Hediedofasuddenstrokein1870.HeprovidedtheworldwithitsclearestpictureofthetextureofEnglishlifeduringthe1800's,onewithoutwhichreaderswouldneverknowthesounds,smells,andtastesofthoselong-agodays.theboycouldn'traiseenoughmoney.hecouldn'treturnthemoneyhehadborrowedfromothers.theboywasunsuccessfulinmakingenoughmoneyintheboot-blackingfactory.theboywastoosmalltosavehim.Thecommonpracticeofthosedayswas thefamilyshouldgotolivetogetherwiththeprisoner.thefamilymembersshouldremaininprisonuntiltheprisonerwassetfree.thefamilymemberscouldstaywiththeprisonerandhavefreedomtoleaveorentertheprisoninthedaytime.thefamilymemberscouldgoinandoutoftheprisonatanytime.ThedifferencebetweenCharlesDickensandothertouristsliesinthat helikedtovisitprisonswhileothersdidn't.helikedtovisitpalaceswhileothersdidn't.hewasnotinterestedinprisonswhileotherswere.othersshowedmoreinterestinprisonsthanhim.IfyoureadCharlesDickens’snovels,youcan seeaclearestpicture.hearthesounds,enjoythesmellsandtastesofthoselong-agodays.knowveryclearlywhatthelifeofthenineteenthcenturyEnglandwaslike.knowclearlyhowheandhisfamilylivedintheprison.(BBCAC)Goethe,Germany’sGreatestPoet歌德—德国最伟大的诗人约翰・沃尔夫冈・歌德(1749—1832),是18世纪中叶到19世纪初德国和欧洲最重要的作家、诗人。歌德是德国狂飙突进运动的主将，其作品充满了反叛精神，在诗歌、戏剧、散文等方面都有较高的成就。主要作品有剧本《葛兹・冯・伯里欣根》 、中篇小说《少年维特的烦恼》、未完成的诗剧《普罗米修斯》和诗剧《浮士德》的雏形《原浮士德》。此外还写了许多抒情诗和评论文章。他对世界文学宝库的巨大贡献，使他成为世界文化名人，每年逢他的生日，各国文艺界都举行纪念活动。hisclosefriendKestner.Brokenhearted,hereturnedtoFrankfurtandlaterdiscoveredthatKestnerhadkilledhimself.TheseeventsformthebasisofhisbeautifulnovelTheSorrowofYoungWerther,themostimportantliteraryworkoftheearlyRomanticperiod.In1786GoethetouredItaly,andthishadastronginfluenceonhiswork,allowinghimtojoinhisearlierRomanticstylewiththeClassicideaofGreeceandRome.Hismasterpiece,Faust,publishedin1831,wastheproductoffiftyyearsofwork.ItisthegreatestdramaticpoemintheGermanlanguage.GoethediedatWeimarin1832.HeleftbehindhimareputationasoneofEurope'sforemostwritersandphilosophers.Todaythereputationisstrongerthanever.ComprehensionQuestions:WhenwementionthetownofFrankfurt weoftenthinkofJohannWolfgangvonGoethebecause Germany'sgreatestliterarymanGoethewasbornthere.GoetheleftFrankfurtmanytimes.GoethealwaysthoughtofFrankfurtashishome.GoethelovedFrankfurt.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue ThedoorofthehousewhereGoetheoncelivedisalwaysopen.PeopleallovertheworldcangoandvisitthehousewhereGoetheoncelived.TheroominthehousewhereGoetheoncelivedistheGoetheMuseum.TherearemanypaintingsanddocumentsaboutGoethe'slifeandworkinthehousewhereheoncelivedThethirdparagraphofthepassagetellsus thatGoethefellinlovewithhisclosefriendKestner'sgirlfriend.Goethe'sreturntoFrankfurt.thatGoethewasverysadoverthedeathofhisclosefriendKestner.whatformedthebasisofGoethe'sbeautifulnovelTheSorrowofYoungWerther.WinstonChurchill,FamousBritishStatesman,OratorandWriter温斯顿 ?丘吉尔—英国著名政治家、演说家和作家温斯顿・丘吉尔，英国著名政治家、演说家、作家和记者， 1953年诺贝尔文学奖得主。曾于1940－1945年和1951－1955年期间两度任英国首相，被认为是 20世纪最重要的政治领袖之一，领导英国获得第二次世界大战的胜利。此外，他还是被公认为世界上掌握英语词汇量最多的人(约5万多) 。WinstonChurchill(1874 —1965)wasbornintoafamedfamily.Hisfatherwasasuccessful politician. InOctober1900,ChurchillwaselectedtoParliamentforthefirsttime.In1939,GermanyattackedPoland,andthefollowingyear,hebecamethePrimeMinisterofEngland.Francefell.TheGermanscrushedWesternEurope.Britainwasontheedgeofcompletedefeat.Wasitnotpossibletoaskforpeace,andmaketalkswithHitlerChurchillspoke,“Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,tearsandsweat •••.Youaskword:Victory!whatisouraimIcananswerinoneword:Victory!TheGermansbegangatheringtheirarmiesontheFrenchcoastandpreparedtoinvadeBritain.TheBritishhadnotenoughriflestogoaround.Churchillgavetheanswer,“Weshalldefendourisland,whatevercostmaybe,weshallfightonth ebeaches,weshallfightonthelandground,weshallfightinthefieldsandinthestreets,weshallfightinthehills,weshallneversurrender. ”Byhiscourage,hardworkandfaith,Churchillinspiredhispeople.VictoryfinallycamewhentheGermansweredefeatedattheendofWorldWarII.Hereisawell-knownstorytoldaboutChurchill.DuringtheSecondWorldWar,WinstonChurchillwastheBritishprimeminister.OnedayhehadtogototheBritishBroadcastingCorporation(BBC)tomakeanimportantspeechtothenation.Anhourbeforethetimeofhisspeech,hestoppedataxiinthestreetandaskedthedrivertotakehimtotheBBC,butthetaxidriver,whodidnotrecognizehim,saidhecouldnottakehimanywherejustthen,becausehewantedtogobacktohishomeattheotherendofLondontohearChurchillmakeaspeechontheradio.“Francefell.”Heretheword“fell”means A.felldownB.gaveup C.wasdefeatedD.wassurroundedFacingtheGermans'invasion,Churchilldecided todefendBritainwithblood,tearsandsweat.togetmoreriflestogoaround.togivein.D.toinspirehispeople.ThedriverrefusedtotakeChurchilltotheBBCbecause hehatedChurchill.hehadsomethingimportanttodo.hewantedtogohomeintheoppositedirection.Churchillofferedhimtoolittlemoney.FromthestorywecouldlearnthatChurchillwas amodestman.agreatman.agenerousman.fondoflisteningtogoodwords.(BCABA)15.WilhelmKonradRontgen,DiscovererofX-rays威廉?康拉德 ?伦琴— X射线的发现者X射线的发现者威廉・康拉德・伦琴，于1845年出生在德国尼普镇。发现X射线的全部功劳都应归于伦琴，他的发现是前所未料的。而且他的发现对贝克雷尔及其他研究人员都有重要的促进作用。1901年，伦琴获得诺贝尔物理奖，是获得该项奖的第一人。他于1923年在德国慕尼黑与世长辞。Ifyoubreakyourarmorleg,youwillbeprobablysenttohospitaltohaveanX-rayphototakentofindoutjustwherethebreakisandwhatkindofbreak itis.Ifachildswallowsahardthing,asso