全新版-大学英语-综合教程4课文

全新版-大学英语-综合教程4课文Theysaythatpridecomesbeforeafall.InthecaseofbothNapoleonandHitler,themanyvictoriestheyenjoyedledthemtobelievethatanythingwaspossible,thatnothingcouldstandintheirway.Russia'sicydefenderwastoprovethemwrong.TheIcyDefenderNilaB.Smith1In1812,NapoleonBonaparte,EmperoroftheFrench,ledhisGrandArmyintoRussia.HewaspreparedforthefierceresistanceoftheRussianpeopledefendingtheirhomeland.HewaspreparedforthelongmarchacrossRussiansoiltoMoscow,thecapitalcity.ButhewasnotpreparedforthedevastatingenemythatmethiminMoscow--theraw,bitter,bleakRussianwinter.2In1941,AdolfHitler,leaderofNaziGermany,launchedanattackagainsttheSovietUnion,asRussiathenwascalled.Hitler'smilitarymightwasunequaled.HiswarmachinehadmoweddownresistanceinmostofEurope.Hitlerexpectedashortcampaignbut,likeNapoleonbeforehim,wastaughtapainfullesson.TheRussianwinteragaincametoFromfieldsandforests,theRussianslaunchedhit-and-runattacksontheFrench.AshortdistancefromMoscow,thetemperaturehadalreadydroppedtominus4degreesCelsius.OnNovember3,thewinter'sfirstsnowcame.Exhaustedhorsesfelldeadintheirtracks.Cannonbecamestuckinthesnow.Equipmenthadtobeburnedforfuel.Soldierstookillandfrozetodeath.TheFrenchsoldiersdraggedon,leavingthedeadalongeverymile.10AstheRussianarmywasgatheringitsstrength,theFrenchhadtofleeRussiatoavoidcertaindefeat.AttheBerezinaRiver,theRussiansnearlytrappedtheretreatingFrenchbyburningthebridgesovertheswollenriver.ButNapoleon,byastrokeofluck,wasabletobuildtwonewbridges.ThousandsofFrenchsoldiersescaped,butatthecostoffiftythousanddead.OnceacrosstheBerezina,thetatteredsurvivorslimpedtowardVilna.11OfthesixhundredthousandsoldiersNapoleonhadledintoRussia,lessthanonehundredthousandcameback.TheweakenedFrencharmycontinueditsretreatwestwardacrossEurope.Soon,Britain,Austria,Russia,andPrussiaformedapowerfulallianceandattackedthesestragglers.InMarch1814,Pariswascaptured.Napoleonabdicatedandwentintoexile,hisempireatanend.Hitler'sInvasion12Byearly1941,AdolfHitler,leaderofNaziGermany,hadseizedcontrolofmostofEurope.TotheeastofHitler'sGermanempirewastheSovietUnion.OnJune22,1941,withoutadeclarationofwar,HitlerbegananinvasionoftheSovietUnionthatwasthelargestmilitarylandcampaigninhistory.Confidentofaquickvictory,Hitlerexpectedthecampaigntolastnolongerthanthreemonths.Heplannedtousetheblitzkrieg,or"lightningwar,"tacticsthathaddefeatedtherestofEurope.Theinvasionhadthreebroadthrusts:againstLeningradandMoscowandthroughtheUkraine.13Caughtoffguardbytheinvasion,SovietleaderJosephStalininstructedtheRussianpeopleto"scorchtheearth"infrontoftheGermaninvaders.Farmsandfactorieswereburned,destroyed,orrendereduseless.Duringthefirsttenweeksoftheinvasion,theGermanspushedthefronteastward,andtheRussianssufferedmorethanamillioncasualties.14Inthenorth,theGermansclosedinonLeningrad.Despitegreatsuffering,however,thepeopleofLeningradrefusedtosurrender.AsthebattleofLeningraddraggedonintowinter,thecity'ssituationbecamedesperate.Asfoodranout,peoplediedfromhungeranddisease.Bythemiddleofthewinterof1941-1942,nearlyfourthousandpeoplestarvedtodeatheveryday.Closetoonemillionpeoplediedasaresultofthesiege.15InthecenterofRussia,Hitler'sgoalwasthecaptureofMoscow.BecausetheGermanshadanticipatedaquickvictory,theyhadmadenoplansforwintersupplies.Octoberarrivedwithheavyrains."GeneralMud"sloweddownthemovementoftheGermans'lightningattack.16AsHitler'sarmiesdrewcloserandclosertoMoscow,anearly,severewintersettledovertheSovietUnion,theharshestinyears.Temperaturesdroppedtominus48degreesCelsius.Heavysnowsfell.TheGermansoldiers,completelyunpreparedfortheRussianwinter,frozeintheirlightsummeruniforms.TheGermantankslayburiedintheheavysnowbanks.TheRussianwinterbroughttheGermanoffensivetoahalt.17Bythesummerof1942,Hitlerhadlaunchedtwonewoffensives.Inthesouth,theGermanscapturedSevastopol.HitlerthenpushedeasttoStalingrad,agreatindustrialcitythatstretchedfor48kilometersalongtheVolgaRiver.Despitegreatsuffering,SovietdefendersrefusedtogiveupStalingrad.18InNovember1942,theRussianslaunchedacounterattack.WithlittleornoshelterfromthewintercoldinandaroundStalingrad,Germantroopswerefurtherweakenedbyalackoffoodandsupplies.NotuntilJanuary1943didtheGermansgiveuptheirsiege.OfthethreehundredthousandGermansattackingStalingrad,onlyninetythousandstarvingsoldierswereleft.ThelossofthebattleforStalingradfinallyturnedthetideagainstHitler.TheGermanvictorieswereover,thanksinparttotheRussianwinter.19During1943and1944,theSovietarmiespushedtheGermanfrontbacktowardthewest.Inthenorth,theRedArmybrokethethree-yearsiegeofLeningradwithasurpriseattackonJanuary15,1944.Withintwoweeks,theheroicsurvivorsofLeningradsawtheirinvadersdepart.ByMarch1944,theUkrainefarmingregionwasagaininSoviethands.OnMay9,1944,SevastopolwasliberatedfromtheGermans.TheRussianswerenowheadingforBerlin.20ForHitler,theinvasionoftheSovietUnionhadturnedintoamilitarydisaster.FortheRussianpeople,itbroughtunspeakablesuffering.ThetotalSovietdeadinWorldWarIIreachedalmost23million.Russia'sIcyDefender21Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.NapoleonandHitlerbothunderestimatedtheseverityoftheRussianwinter.Snow,ice,andfreezingtemperaturestooktheirtollonbothinvadingarmies.FortheRussianpeople,thewinterwasanicydefender.Smartcarsthatcansee,hear,feel,smell,andtalk?Anddriveontheirown?Thismaysoundlikeadream,butthecomputerrevolutionissettoturnitintoareality.SmartCarsMichioKaku1Eventheautomobileindustry,whichhasremainedlargelyunchangedforthelastseventyyears,isabouttofeeltheeffectsofthecomputerrevolution.2Theautomobileindustryranksasamongthemostlucrativeandpowerfulindustriesofthetwentiethcentury.Therearepresently500millioncarsonearth,oronecarforeverytenpeople.Salesoftheautomobileindustrystandataboutatrilliondollars,makingittheworld'sbiggestmanufacturingindustry.3Thecar,andtheroadsittravelson,willberevolutionizedinthetwenty-firstcentury.Thekeytotomorrow's"smartcars"willbesensors."We'llseevehiclesandroadsthatseeandhearandfeelandsmellandtalkandact,"predictsBillSpreitzer,technicaldirectorofGeneralMotorsCorporation'sITSprogram,whichisdesigningthesmartcarandroadofthefuture.4Approximately40,000peoplearekilledeachyearintheUnitedStatesintrafficaccidents.Thenumberofpeoplethatarekilledorbadlyinjuredincaraccidentsissovastthatwedon'tevenbothertomentiontheminthenewspapersanymore.Fullyhalfofthesefatalitiescomefromdrunkdrivers,andmanyothersfromcarelessness.Asmartcarcouldeliminatemostofthesecaraccidents.Itcansenseifadriverisdrunkviaelectronicsensorsthatcanpickupalcoholvaporintheair,andrefusetostartuptheengine.Thecarcouldalsoalertthepoliceandprovideitspreciselocationifitisstolen.5Smartcarshavealreadybeenbuiltwhichcanmonitorone'sdrivingandthedrivingconditionsnearby.Smallradarshiddeninthebumperscanscanfornearbycars.Shouldyoumakeaseriousdrivingmistake(e.g.,changelaneswhenthereisacarinyour"blindspot")thecomputerwouldsoundanimmediatewarning.能6AttheMITMediaLab,aprototypeisalreadybeingbuiltwhichwilldeterminehowsleepyyouareasyoudrive,whichisespeciallyimportantforlong-distancetruckdrivers.Themonotonous,almosthypnoticprocessofstaringatthecenterdividerforlonghoursisagrosslyunderestimated,life-threateninghazard.Toeliminatethis,atinycamerahiddeninthedashboardcanbetrainedonadriver'sfaceandeyes.Ifthedriver'seyelidscloseforacertainlengthoftimeandhisorherdrivingbecomeserratic,acomputerinthedashboardcouldalertthedriver.7Twoofthemostfrustratingthingsaboutdrivingacararegettinglostandgettingstuckintraffic.Whilethecomputerrevolutionisunlikelytocuretheseproblems,itwillhaveapositiveimpact.Sensorsinyourcartunedtoradiosignalsfromorbitingsatellitescanlocateyourcarpreciselyatanymomentandwarnoftrafficjams.Wealreadyhavetwenty-fourNavstarsatellitesorbitingtheearth,makingupwhatiscalledtheGlobalPositioningSystem.Theymakeitpossibletodetermineyourlocationontheearthtowithinaboutahundredfeet.Atanygiventime,thereareseveralGPSsatellitesorbitingoverheadatadistanceofabout11,000miles.Eachsatellitecontainsfour"atomicclocks,"whichvibrateataprecisefrequency,accordingtothelawsofthequantumtheory.8Asasatellitepassesoverhead,itsendsoutaradiosignalthatcanbedetectedbyareceiverinacar'scomputer.Thecar'scomputercanthencalculatehowfarthesatelliteisbymeasuringhowlongittookforthesignaltoarrive.Sincethespeedoflightiswellknown,anydelayinreceivingthesatellite'ssignalcanbeconvertedintoadistance.9InJapantherearealreadyoveramillioncarswithsometypeofnavigationalcapability.(Someofthemlocateacar'spositionbycorrelatingtherotationsinthesteeringwheeltoitspositiononamap.)10Withthepriceofmicrochipsdroppingsodrastically,futureapplicationsofGPSarevirtuallylimitless."Thecommercialindustryispoisedtoexplode,"saysRandyHoffmanofMagellanSystemsCorp.,whichmanufacturesnavigationalsystems.BlindindividualscoulduseGPSsensorsinwalkingsticks,airplanescouldlandbyremotecontrol,hikerswillbeabletolocatetheirpositioninthewoods--thelistofpotentialusesisendless.11GPSisactuallybutpartofalargermovement,called"telematics,"whichwilleventuallyattempttoputsmartcarsonsmarthighways.PrototypesofsuchhighwaysalreadyexistinEurope,andexperimentsarebeingmadeinCaliforniatomountcomputerchips,sensors,andradiotransmittersonhighwaystoalertcarstotrafficjamsandobstructions.12Onaneight-milestretchofInterstate15tenmilesnorthofSanDiego,trafficengineersareinstallinganMIT-designedsystemwhichwillintroducethe"automateddriver."Theplancallsforcomputers,aidedbythousandsofthree-inchmagneticspikesburiedinthehighway,totakecompletecontrolofthedrivingofcarsonheavilytraffickedroads.Carswillbebunchedintogroupsoftentotwelvevehicles,onlysixfeetapart,travelinginunison,andcontrolledbycomputer.13Promotersofthiscomputerizedhighwayhavegreathopesforitsfuture.By2010,telematicsmaywellbeincorporatedintooneofthemajorhighwaysintheUnitedStates.Ifsuccessful,by2020,asthepriceofmicrochipsdropstobelowapennyapiece,telematicscouldbeadoptedinthousandsofmilesofhighwaysintheUnitedStates.Thiscouldprovetobeanenvironmentalboonaswell,savingfuel,reducingtrafficjams,decreasingairpollution,andservingasanalternativetohighwayexpansion.HarveyMackay,whorunshisowncompany,ofteninterviewsapplicantsforjobs.Hereheletsusintothesecretofwhatqualitiesanemployerislookingfor,andgivesfourtipsonwhatcanhelpyoutostandoutfromthecrowd.GettheJobYouWantHarveyB.Mackay1Irunamanufacturingcompanywithabout350employees,andIoftendotheinterviewingandhiringmyself.Iliketalkingtopotentialsalespeople,becausethey'reourlinktocustomers.2Whenarecentcollegegraduatecameintomyofficenottoolongagolookingforasalesjob,Iaskedhimwhathehaddonetopreparefortheinterview.Hesaidhe'dreadsomethingaboutussomewhere.3HadhecalledanyoneatMackayEnvelopeCorporationtofindoutmoreaboutus?No.Hadhecalledoursuppliers?Ourcustomers?No.4HadhecheckedwithhisuniversitytoseeiftherewereanygraduatesworkingatMackaywhomhecouldinterview?Hadheaskedanyfriendstogrillhiminamock5Didhewritealetterbeforehandtotellusabouthimself,whathewasdoingtopreparefortheinterviewandwhyhe'dberightforthejob?Washeplanningtofollowuptheinterviewwithanotherletterindicatinghiseagernesstojoinus?Wouldtheletterbeinourhandswithin24hoursofthemeeting,possiblyevenhand-delivered?6Theanswertoeveryquestionwasthesame:no.Thatleftmewithonlyoneotherquestion:Howwellpreparedwouldthispersonbeifheweretocallonaprospectivecustomerforus?Ialreadyknewtheanswer.7AsIseeit,therearefourkeystogettinghired:81.Preparetowin."Ifyoumissonedayofpractice,younoticethedifference,"thesayinggoesamongmusicians."Ifyoumisstwodaysofpractice,thecriticsnoticethedifference.Ifyoumissthreedaysofpractice,theaudiencenoticesthedifference."9Whenwewatchaworld-classmusicianoratopathlete,wedon'tseetheyearsofpreparationthatenabledhimorhertobecomegreat.TheMichaelJordansoftheworldhavetalent,yes,butthey'realsothefirstonesonandthelastonesoffthebasketballcourt.Thesamepreparationappliesineveryformofhumanendeavor.Ifyouwantthejob,youhavetopreparetowinit.10WhenIgraduatedfromcollege,theoddsweregoodthatIwouldhavethesamejobfortherestofmylife.Andthat'showitworkedout.Butgettinghiredisnolongeraonce-in-a-lifetimeexperience.Employmentexpertsbelievethattoday'sgraduatescouldfaceasmanyastenjobchangesduringtheircareers.11Thatmaysoundlikealotofpressure.Butifyou'reprepared,thepressureisontheotherfolks--theoneswhohaven'tdonetheirhomework.12Youwon'tgeteveryjobyougoafter.Thebestsalespeopledon'tcloseeverysale.MichaelJordanmakesbarelyhalfofhisfield-goalattempts.Butittakesnolongertopreparewellforoneinterviewthantowanderinhalf-preparedforfive.Andyourprospectsforsuccesswillbemanytimesbetter.132.Neverstoplearning.RecentlyIplayedadoublestennismatchpairedwitha90-year-old.Iwonderedhowthingswouldworkout;Ishouldn'thave.Wehammeredouropponents6-1,6-1!14Aswewereswitchingsidestoplayathirdset,hesaidtome,"DoyoumindifIplaythebackhandcourt?Ialwaysliketoworkonmyweaknesses."Whatafantasticexampleofapersonwhohasneverstoppedlearning.Incidentally,wewonthethirdset6-1.15Aswewalkedoffthecourt,my90-year-oldpartnerchuckledandsaid,"Ithoughtyou'dliketoknowaboutmynumber-onerankingindoublesintheUnitedStatesinmyagebracket,85andup!"Hewasn'tthinking90;hewasn'teventhinking85.Hewasthinkingnumberone.16Youcandothesameifyouworkonyourweaknessesanddevelopyourstrengths.Tobeabletocompete,you'vegottokeeplearningallyourlife.173.Believeinyourself,evenwhennooneelsedoes.Doyourememberthefour-minutemile?Athleteshadbeentryingtodoitforhundredsofyearsandfinallydecideditwasphysicallyimpossibleforhumans.Ourbonestructurewasallwrong,ourlungpowerinadequate.18Thenonehumanprovedtheexpertswrong.And,miracleofmiracles,sixweeksafterRogerBannisterbrokethefour-minutemile,JohnLandybeatBannister'stimebynearlytwofullseconds.Sincethen,closetoeighthundredrunnershavebrokenthefour-minutemile!19SeveralyearsagomydaughterMimiandItookacrackatrunningtheNewYorkMarathon.Atthegun,23,000runnersstarted--and21,244finished.FirstplacewenttoaKenyanwhocompletedtheraceintwohours,11minutesandonesecond.The21,244thrunnertofinishwasaVietnamveteran.Hediditinthreedays,ninehoursand37minutes.Withnolegs,hecovered26.2miles.AftermydaughterandIpassedhiminthefirstfewminutes,weeasilyfoundmorecouragetofinishourselves.20Don'teverletanyonetellyouthatyoucan'taccomplishyourgoals.Whosaysyou'renottougher,harderworkingandmoreablethanyourcompetition?Yousee,agoalisadreamwithadeadline:inwriting,measurable,identifiable,attainable.214.Findawaytomakeadifference.Inmyopinion,themajorityofNewYorkcabdriversareunfriendly,ifnotdownrightrude.Mostofthecabsarefilthy,andalmostallofthemsportanimpenetrable,bulletproofpartition.ButrecentlyIjumpedintoacabatLaGuardiaAirportandguesswhat?Itwasclean.Therewasbeautifulmusicplayingandnopartition.22"ParkLaneHotel,please,"Isaidtothedriver.Withabroadsmile,hesaid,"Hi,mynameisWally,"andhehandedmeamissionstatement.Amissionstatement!Itsaidhewouldgetmetheresafely,courteouslyandontime.23Aswedroveoff,heheldupachoiceofnewspapersandsaid,"Bemyguest."Hetoldmetohelpmyselftothefruitinthebasketonthebackseat.Heheldupacellularphoneandsaid,"It'sadollaraminuteifyou'dliketomakeacall."24Shocked,Iblurted,"Howlonghaveyoubeenpracticingthis?"Heanswered,"Threeorfouryears."25"Iknowthisisprying."Isaid,"buthowmuchextramoneydoyouearnintips?"26"Between$12,000and$14,000ayear!"herespondedproudly.27Hedoesn'tknowit,buthe'smyhero.He'slivingproofthatyoucanalwaysshifttheoddsinyourfavor.28Mymentor,CurtCarlson,isthewealthiestmaninMinnesota,ownerofahotelandtravelcompanywithsalesintheneighborhoodof$9billion.IhadtogettoameetinginNewYorkoneday,andCurtgenerouslyofferedmearideinhisjet.IthappenedtobeadayMinnesotawashitwithoneoftheworstsnowstormsinyears.Minneapolis-St.PaulInternationalAirportwasclosedforthefirsttimeindecades.29Then,thoughthestormcontinuedtopoundus,theairportopenedarunwayforsmallcraftonly.Asweweretaxiingdownittotakeoff,Curtturnedtomeandsaidgleefully,"Look,Harvey,notracksinthesnow!"30CurtCarlson,70yearsoldatthetime,richbeyondanyone'sdreams,couldstillsparklewithexcitementaboutbeingfirst.31Frommystandpoint,that'swhatit'sallabout.Preparetowin.Neverstoplearning.Believeinyourself,evenwhennooneelsedoes.Findawaytomakeadifference.Thengooutandmakeyourowntracksinthesnow.Globalizationissweepingasidenationalbordersandchangingrelationsbetweennations.Whatimpactdoesthishaveonnationalidentitiesandloyalties?Aretheystrengthenedorweakened?theauthorinvestigates.inSearchofDavosManPeterGumbel1.WilliamBrowderwasborninPrinceton,NewJersey,grewupinChicago，andstudiedatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.Butdon’tcallhimanAmerican.Forthepast16ofhis40yearshehaslivedoutsidetheU.S.,firstinLondonandthen,from1996,inMoscow,whereherunshisowninvestmentfirm.Browdernowmanages$1.6billioninassets.In1998hegaveuphisAmericanpassporttobecomeaBritishcitizen,sincehislifeisnowcenteredinEurope.“Nationalidentitymakesnodifferenceforme,”hesays.“Ifeelcompletelyinternational.Ifyouhavefourgoodfriendsandyoulikewhatyouaredoing,itdoesn’tmatterwhereyouare.That’sglobalization.”2.AlexMandlisalsoaferventbelieveringlobalization,butheviewshimselfverydifferently.AformerpresidentofAT&T,Mandl,61,wasborninAustriaandnowrunsaFrenchtechnologycompany,whichisdoingmoreandmorebusinessinChina.Hereckonshespendsabout90%ofhistimetravelingonbusiness.Butdespiteallthatglobetrotting,MandlwhohasbeenaU.S.citizenfor45yearsstillidentifieshimselfasanAmerican.“IseemyselfasAmericanwithoutanyhesitation.ThefactthatIspendalotoftimeinotherplacesdoesn’tchangethat,”hesays.3.AlthoughBrowderandMandldefinetheirnationalitydifferently,bothseetheiridentityasamatterofpersonalchoice,notanaccidentofbirth.Andnotincidentally,bothareDavosMen,membersoftheinternationalbusinesselitewhotrekeachyeartotheSwissAlpinetownfortheannualmeetingoftheworldEconomicForum,foundedin1971.Thisweek,BrowderandMandlwilljoinmorethan2,200executives,politicians,academics,journalists,writersandahandfulofHollywoodstarsforfivedaysofnetworking,partiesandendlessearnestdiscussionsabouteverythingfrompost-electionIraqandHIVinAfricatotheglobalsupplyofoilandtheimplicationsofnanotechnology.Yetthisyear,perhapsmorethanever,ahottopicDavosisDavositself.Whatevertheirconsiderabledifferences,mostflowsofcapital,laborandtechnologyacrossnationalborders,isbothwelcomeandunstoppable.Theyseetheworldincreasinglyasonevast,interconnectedmarketplaceinwhichcorporationssearchforthemostadvantageouslocationstobuy,produceandselltheirgoodsandservices.4.Asbordersandnationalidentitiesbecomelessimportant,somefindthatthreateningandevendangerous.Inanessayentitled“DeadSoul:TheDenationalizationoftheAmericanElite,”HarvardProfessorSamuelHuntingtondescribesDavosMan(aphrasethatfirstgotwidespreadattentioninthe1990s)asanemergingglobalsuperspeciesandathreat.Themembersofthisclass,hewrites,arepeoplewho“havelittleneedfornationalloyalty,viewnationalboundariesasobstaclesthatthankfullyarevanishing,andseenationalgovernmentsasresiduesfromthepastwhoseonlyusefulfunctionistofacilitatetheelite’sglobaloperations.”HuntingtonarguesthatDavosMan’sglobal-citizenself-imageisstarklyatoddswiththevaluesofmostAmericans,whoremaindeeplycommittedtotheirnation.Thisdisconnect,hesays,creates“amajorculturalfaultline.Inavarietyofways,theAmericanestablishment,governmentalandprivate,hasbecomeincreasinglydivorcedfromtheAmericanpeople.”5.Naturally,manyDavosMendon’tacceptHutington’sterm.KlausSchwab,thefounderandexecutivechairmanoftheWorldEconomicForum,arguesthatendorsingaglobaloutlookdoesnotmeanerasingnationalidentity.“Globalizationcanneverprovideuswithculturalidentity,whichneedstobelocalandnationalinnature.”6.Globaltradehasbeenaroundforcenturies;thecorporationsandcountriesthatbenefitedfromitwerelargelycontenttotreatvastpartsoftheworldasplacestominenaturalresourcesorsellfinishedproducts.Evenastheglobalizationofcapitalacceleratedinthe1980s,mostforeigninvestmentwasbetweenrelativelywealthycountries,notfromwealthycountriesintopoorones.U.S.technology,companiesandmoneywereoftenattheforefrontofthismovement.7.Howeverthepasttwodecadeshavewitnessedtheriseofothersignificantplayers.ThedevelopedworldisbeatingapathtoChinaandIndia’sdoor–andChineseandIndiancompanies,inturn,havestartedwhatitcallsa“GoingOut”policythatencouragesChinesefirmstobuyassetsoverseas.Asiannationsarecreating“aremarkableenvironmentofinnovation,”saysJohnChambers,chiefexecutiveofCiscoSystem.“ChinaandIndiaaregraduatingcurrentlymorethanfivetimesthenumberofengineersthatwearehereintheU.S.”ThatmeansU.S.andEuropeancompaniesarenowfacinghigh-quality,lowcos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