英语动词讲解99115市公开课一等奖省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件

动词动词分类概念能独立作谓语动词本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起组成谓语。本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。有一定词义，本身不表示动作和状态，而仅仅表示说话人态度。实义动词系动词助动词情态动词（一）实义动词_________本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。

Ilikethebook.2.___________本身意思完整，无需接宾语。

Birdscanfly.及物动词不及物动词1动词+宾语IlikeEnglishverymuch.2动词+宾语+宾补Wepainttheshelfpink.加名词作宾补词有:

call,choose,consider,elect,make,name······3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

V+sbsth

V+sthfor/tosb

及物动词

1）动词+宾语+不定式(todo)（宾补）

advise

allow

cause

enable

encourage

find

forbid

force

wish

invite

order

permit

persuaderemind

tell

warnexpect

wish·········一have,let和make,此三动词是使役，使用它们要仔细，后接“宾补”略去“to”一感feel,二听hear,listento,三让have,let,make,四看see,lookat,observe,watch2）动词+宾语+省略to不定式（宾补）口诀：不定式作宾语补足语时省to动词【速记口诀】一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助【妙语诠释】一感：feel；二听：hear,listento；三让：make，let，have；四看：see，notice，watch，observe；半帮助：helpcolour,keep,find,get,leave,make,paint,cutEg:Pleasecolouritred.Ifinditinteresting.3）动词+adj(做补语)get

/

leave

/

keep

/

set

/

catch

/

have

sb.

doing;

see

/

find

/

watch

/

feel

/

hear

/

listen

to

/

discover

sb.

doing

如:他让我等了整整一早晨。He

kept

me

waiting

the

whole

morning.

4）动词加现在分词做补语过去分词作宾补时，常见词有have,get,make

havesthdone

Eg:我剪发了。Ihavehadmyhaircut.我让他人明白了。Imademyselfheard.5）动词加过去分词（补语）口诀：能接不定式，又能接动名词，但意思不一样动词或词组：

forget,goon,mean,remember,stop,try，regret,巧记，

即"四'记'力争不后悔"。四记指(记得/记住；忘记；计划/打算；继续)；力争指try；不后悔指"stop

regretting"-stop与regret。

bring,hand,lend,mail,offer,owe,passpost,read,

return,send,sell,show,take,teach,tell,throw,writeV+直宾或间宾+sb+sth/sthtosbbook,buy,choosecook,draw,fetchfind,fix,getmake,order,pickpreparesavesing

sparestealV+直宾或间宾+sbsth/sthforsb1.没有被动形式，如happen,occur,rise,lie,die不及物动词2.主动表示被动词

动词+(well,poorly,easily)sell,wash,burn,cook,cut,drive,dress,play,last,open,write,start,run,read,operate,break,measure,weigh1.Drywoodburnseasily.2.Theclothwasheswell.他跑快。Herunsfast.他经营一家工厂。Herunsafactory.Eg:study，fly，run,change既作及物又作不及物动词词1.Shelookedforwardeveryspringto_____theflower-linedgarden.A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin2.Iwouldappreciate______backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling3.Thedayhehaslookedforwardto______atlast.A.comingB.cameC.comeD.comes4.MrSmithwarnedherson____afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive5.Shepretended_____mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseenDCBExerciseAA常见连系动词有：be,become,turn,get,grow,keep,feel,look,seem,smell,turn,fall等。它们都表示状态渐变或保持不变，以及表示感觉。后面接形容词组成系表结构。Eg：Pleasekeeptheclassroomclean.Thebreadlooksveryfresh.Hisplansoundedpractical.

（二）系动词本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起组成谓语。状态改变系动词系动词使用方法习惯搭配朝坏方面改变wrong,bad,mad,hungry,blindetc.表颜色等red,green表成长中改变strong,tall由动态到静态转变ill,sick,asleep转向好状态true,alive惯用来指人或物状态改变become接名词时,名词前接冠词gocometurngrowfallgetbecome

1.Theweatherwill_____hotforanothertwoweeks.A.lastB.remainC.getD.turn2.Thehotweatherwill

____anothertwodays.A.lastB.remainC.getD.turn3.Theboss

madethem_____12hoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workedD.working4.Theyweremade_______12hoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workedD.workingBAABExercise5.----Haveyougotaticketfortheconcert?----No,thetickets______wellandthey_______outlastweek.A.sell;weresoldB.sell;soldC.sell;havebeensoldD.aresell;sold

A6.Don’tgetthatinkonyourwhiteshirtforit______.A.won’twashoutB.doesn’twashawayCisn’twashingoutD.hasn’twashedaway7.Theytriedtogetthecar_______,butitwon’t______.A.started;startB.tostart;startC.started;startedD.tostart;tostartAA助动词是“辅助性”动词，普通没有词义，不能单独作谓语，但可用来帮助组成谓语，表示不一样时态，语态，和数改变。

常见助动词有：（1）be(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)与现在分词结合组成各种进行时态，或与过去分词结合组成被动语态。Eg:I’mlookingformypen.（现在进行时）Whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterday?(过去进行时)

ThesecupsaremadeinChina.（被动语态）（三）助动词（2）have(has,had,having)与过去分词结合组成完成时。

Eg:

Theyhaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears.（现在完成时）

Hehadbuiltachemistrylabforhimselfattheageoften.（过去完成时）（3）助动词do(does,did)后只能跟动词原形，与not及其它动词结合组成否定句，或置于主语之前组成疑问句。

Eg:HedoesnotspeakEnglish.

Whendidhecomeback?（4）will(would),shall(should)：

will能用于普通未来时任何人称后；would是will过去时，能用于过去未来时；二者后面都接动词原形。

Eg:

Theplanewillarriveintenminutes.飞机十分中后将要抵达。

Iwassurethatwewouldwin.我确信用我们会赢。shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义，shall只能用于普通未来时第一人称后；should是shall过去时，只能用于过去未来时第一人称后；二者后面都接动词原形。Eg:

Weshallmeetattheschoolgatetomorrow.我们明天将在校门口见。

ItoldthemthatIshoulddotheworkalone.我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。①

情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人语气或情态，包含请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、勇于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有些人称和数改变，且后面只跟动词原形。②

情态动词种类：原

形过去式词

义cancould能maymight能够（或许）mustmust(hadto)必须（不得不）willwould愿意shallshould应该needneeded需要daredared勇于（四）情态动词★can’thelpbutdo=can’tbutdo=havetodoIcan’thelpbuttellhimthetruth.1.---Iusuallygotherebytrain.---Whynot______byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2.---Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot_______.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff

DC1)can主要使用方法是：

A.

_________：

Thegirlcandanceverywell.B.

_____________：

Canthenewsbetrue?C._____________:CanIsithere?can&could：表示能力表示推测可能性表请求或允许（多用于疑问否定句中）2)could主要使用方法是：

A.__________________________________________________:Weallknewthattheyoungmancouldn’tbeadoctor.

我三岁就能看书了。

FathersaidIcouldgooutwithmyfriends.could是can过去式,表示过去能力,许可和推测B.could可代替can表示请求,语气委婉(主要用于疑问句）Couldyoulendmeyourbike?

CouldIuseyourbike?-Yes，youcan.3)Theycan't/couldn’t

havegoneoutbecausethelightisstillon.can’t/couldn’thavedone过去否定猜测mustdo/be现肯猜can'tdo/be现否猜musthavedone过肯猜1)._________________Wemustalldie.

人总要死。

2).______________________Youmustgetupearly.

你必须早起来。must:表示必定性。表示强制/义务。

Wemustn’twasteourtime.

----MayItakethismagazineout?

----No,youmustn’t.

3).mustnot:“禁止”。4).must用于普通疑问句时候，必定回答用yes,please或者I’mafraidso,其否定回答用needn’t或者don’thaveto5).表示推测，意为“一定是”,语气非常必定，近乎确定意味，普通用在必定句。must+v对现在推测

Itmustbeeleveno’clocknow.

Hemustgocrazy.must+have+过去分词对过去推测must+be+v-ing对未来或现在进行时推测6).表示“偏偏”，表示对某事不满或责备等情绪。WhymustitrainonSunday?may&might：

may惯用来表示：

A._______________

MayIcomein?Yes,please.B.________________表示请求、允许;--IbelievethemanisfromEngland.--ButImaybewrong.Theguestmayarrivethisafternoon表示猜测答语防止使用may，以免显得太严厉或太不客气Theroadmaybeblocked.

这条路可能不通了。

Theroadcan

beblocked.

这条路可能会是不通。

在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。如：Wherecanhebe?他会在哪呢？可能性从大到小:must.cancouldmaymight

C._____________________

Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!表示祝福;语气较正式:多在间接引语中表示过去可能和允许。也能够表示现在可能性，不过比may表示可能性更小，且might能够用于虚拟语气，may不能够。might使用方法有:

Shesaidthathemighttakeherbike.

她说他能够拿她自行车去用。

Youmightgetsomehelpfromherifshewerehere.

1).

Iwill

tellyousomethingimportant.

我将要告诉你一些主要事。will&would：Nancywillsticktoherwayoflife.Itoldhimnottodoit,buthewould.

will是助动词或是情态动词用于组成未来时是助动词。用于表“意志/决心”是情态动词。would亦同理，只是表过去。2)._______________________________

Ifyouwanthelp,letmeknow,willyou?

假如你需要帮助,让我知道,好吗?

Wouldyoutypethis,please?

请打印这个，好吗？

Won'tyousitdown?

请坐下，好吗？疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求表委婉不是表过去Thiswillbethebookyouwant.Hewillhavearrivedbynow.Theguestswouldhavearrivedbythattime.Ithoughtyouwouldhavefinishedthisbynow.Thiswillbethebuildingyouarelookingfor.3).用“willbe”和“will(would)+have+过去分词”结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对当前情况推测，后者表示对已经完成动作或事态推测。4)._________________________Wouldyouhelpus,please?请您帮助我们，好吗？I’dgotherewithyou.我要和你一块到那儿去。

Teacherwouldn’tallowit.老师不会允许这件事。（表请求）would比will客气委婉。（表意愿）（表许可）1).

PerhapsIshallpayavisittoEnglandthiswinter.可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。（组成普通未来时,助动词）shall&should：shall用于组成未来时是助动词。（表“决心”，情态动词）Shallwegobytrain,Mom?

妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？Shallhecomein?要他进来吗？

2).用于征求意见,是情态动词,普通用于第一一人称和第三人称（表“决心”，情态动词）Don’tworry,youshallgetthebook.Nothingshallstopus.Youshallgetwhatyoudeserve.Heshallbepunishedifhebreakstherule.Nooneshallsmokehere.

3).用于表允诺，决心，警告，命令,或颁布法令要求等。用于二三人称。4).

Youshouldkeepyourpromise.你应该恪守诺言。

Youshouldcallthepolice.*表示“按理说”。

It’s8o’clocknow,heshouldbehereatanymoment.*表埋怨，用于“Shouldn’t…?”Shouldn’tyoubedoingyourhomeworknow?

should表示义务/提议/劝说，意为“应该”。----____Igoouttoplay,mum?----No,you___.Youshoulddoyourhomeworkfirst.A.Might;wouldn’tB.May;hadbetternotC.Must;mustn’tD.Need;mustn’tB2.---WhereisEmma?---Ican’tsayforsurewheresheis,butshe___beoutshopping.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.mayD3.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it____cleaned.A.can’thavebeenB.couldn’tbeC.mayhavebeenD.wouldbeA4.How____yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?A.canB.mustC.needD.mayA5.——Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?——“Noperson_____smokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisareas.”A.WillB.mayC.shallD.mustC6.—HasMr.TomWhitearrived?—Yes,already_____hewaitoutsideorjustcomein?ShallB.MayC.CouldD.MustA7.---JanehasjustcomebackfromChinaandshelookshappy.---She_________hertripverymuch.mustenjoyB.musthaveenjoyedC.mayenjoyDshouldhaveenjoyedB8.—Theterribleaccidentisunderinvestigation.—Actually,quickeraction_____thoseworkerstrappedinthemine.A.mighthavesavedB.musthavesavedC.shouldhavesavedD.couldhavesavedD9.Hechosetoteachinawesternprovince,thoughhe____inthecityforabetterlife.couldstayB.wouldstayC.couldhavestayedD.hadstayedC10.We_____hereatlunchtime;weweredelayedattheairport,though.A.couldbeB.shouldbeC.musthavebeenD.wouldhavebeenD11.HowIwishI___mymouthbeforeIshoutedatmyum!A.shutB.haveshutC.hadshutD.wouldshutC12.Wemustapplywhatwehavelearnttoourdailyworkbecauseinnocase___frompractice.shouldtheoryseparateB.shouldtheorybeseparatedC.theoryshouldseparateD.theoryshouldbeseparatedB13.—Whohasmadeamessinmyroom?—Whoelse___itbutyournaughtyson?A.coulddoB.couldhavedoneC.shoulddoD.ShouldhavedoneB14.It’sreallyawonderthatallthepassengersonboard___whiletheplaneitselfsankintothefreezingHudsonRiverinNewYork.musthavebeensavedshouldhavebeensavedwouldbesavedD.mightbesavedB15.You___lateforyesterday’classmeeting,asitwassoimportant.couldn’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.oughtn’ttohavebeen16.—Butforyourtimelywarning,we____intogreattrouble.—Youknowwe’refriends.wouldgetB.musthavegotC.wouldhavegotD.can’thavegotDC1)insist2)order,command4)advise,suggest,propose,recommend4)demand,ask,require,request1.Heorderedthatwe(should)leaveatonce.2.Hisorderthatwe(should)leaveatoncewasright.延伸1：接虚拟语气词3.Heinsistedthathisbrother_____there.A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo4.Heinsistedthathe______nothingwrongand______setfree.A.do;beB.haddone;wasC.haddone;beD.did;was5.Hisvoicesuggestedthathe______angry.A.isB.beC.wasD.were6.Hesuggestedthattheboy_____senttohospitalatonce.A.wasB.beC.isD.wereACCB口诀：一坚持，二命令，三提议，四要求

其宾语从句用“should+动词原形”，

should既能够省略，should也能够保留。

一坚持，即insist；二命令，即order,command；三提议，即suggest,propose,advise；四要求，即ask,demand,require,request。

go,come,leave,start,return,arrive,stop,finish,borrow,lend,open,close,die,become,break,join,kill,marry,graduate,buymarry--bemarriedseat--beseatedhide--behiddenengage--beengageddie--bedeadbegin--beonjoin--beinborrow--keepcome--be/stayleave--beawaybuy--have=havegot延伸2：瞬间非延续性动词1.Hediedtenyearsago,that’stosay,heha