施心远主编《听力教程》3-(第2版)Unit-9答案

施心远主编《听力教程》3-（第2版）Unit-9答案UNIT9SectionOnePart1SpotDictationCelebrationsinAustralia,AsiaRingin2010OneofthefirstmajorcitiestocelebratethebeginningO201wasSydney,Australia.MorethanamillionpeoplegatheredalongtheSydneyharbortowatchthecity'sannualfireworksshow,settoboomingrockmusic.HoursbeforemidnightpeoplearrivedatHarborBridgetostakeoutgoodseatsforthe12-minutedisplay.Thisyear'sshowinvolvedmorethan5,000kiogamsofexplosivedevices.OthercitiesaroundAsiaandthePacificregioncelebratedwithfireworks,suchasKualaLumpurandHongKong.InotherplacespeoplemarkedtheNewYearwithoutfireworks.MillionsinJapanprayedatshrinesforgoodfortunein2010.InSeoul,SouthKorea,agiantbellwasrung.InChina'scapital,signsaroundBeijingcautionednottolghtfireworkswithintheheartofthecityonNewYear'sEve.ThisdidnotseemtobotherBeijingresidents,whosaytheLunarNewYearistheirtraditionaltimetocelebratewithfireworks.Thisyearthatholidayisinmd-FebruaryManyyoungpeoplewereatbarsandclubsinBeijinguntiltheearlhoursofthemorning.StillothershadtoworkonNewYear'sEve.Aslate-nightrevelerswaitedinthecoldforascarcecab,twomenunloadedatruckatabakeryonWorker'sStadiumRoad.OneofthemsaidhehopedforgoodhealthforhisparentsintheNewYear.HiscoworkersaidhehopedtospendtheLunarNewYearwithfamilyathishomeinnearbyShandongprovince.Part2ListeningforGistUnlikeairtravel,whichisregulatedinternationally,railtravelisinmanycasescontrollednationally.Thedegreeofsafetyofrailtravelisthereforehighlyvariablefromcountrytocountry,dependingonthedegreeofregulationandthequalityofregulationinthecountryconcerned.InBritainandtheUnitedStatesrailpassengerdeathsworkoutatanaverageoflessthan10railpassengerdeathsperyear.Unfortunately,therailpassengerdeathsperyearstatisticsinthelessdevelopedpartsoftheworldareconsiderablyhigherthantherailpassengerdeathsperyearstatisticsareinthewesternworld.IntheUKoverthelast25years,therehasbeenanaverageofonetrainaccidentforeverymillionmilesrun.Becauseindividualtrainscarrysuchalargenumberofpassengerscomparedwiththenumberofpassengerscarriedincars,busesandplanes,thisactuallymeansthatthedegreeofriskis,comparatively,onewhichisalmostnon-existent.Byfarthegreatestcauseofrailwayaccidentsishumanerror,eitherincontrollingorrespondingtosignals.Recentimprovementsinthenumbersofaccidentsareinlargemeasureduetotheintroductionofautomaticandcomputerizedsignalingequipment.Radiocommunicationsystemsbetweendriversandcontrolcentershavealsoprovedinfluentialinreducingaccidents.Withthecontinuingdevelopmentofradiocommunicationsystemsandautomaticsignalingsystemswecanlookforwardtofurtherreductionsinwhatarealreadyimpressivelylowaccidentrates.Directions:Listentothepassageandwritedownthegistandthekeywordsthathelpyoudecide.Thispassageisaboutrailtravelsafety.Thekeywordsarehighlyvariable,degreeandqualityofregulation:BritainandtheUnitedStates.Lessthan10railpassengerdeathsperyear:lessdevelopedparts.Higher:UK・Last25years.Onetrainaccidentforeverymillionmilesrun:cause.Humanerror:automatic.Computerizedsignaling.Radiocommunicationsystems.Reduceaccidents.SectionTwoListeningComprehensionPart1DialogueAdolescenceInterviewer:So,yousayEric'swhatyou'dconsiderprettystrictbutprettyfair?So,forexample,whenhetellsyoutodoInterviewer:somethingJora:Well,he'sstrictandIgetangrywhenhedoesn'twantmetodostuff.ButafterwardsIcanalmostalwaysseewhyhesaidit,y'know?Interviewer:Yeah.Jora:Andthere'sonlyacoupleofincidentswhere,well,thatweretotally,y'know,thatIdidn'tunderstandatall.Interviewer:Hmm.Notabadrecord.Eric:No.Vh,'cosI'msureI'vemadesomemistakes.Interviewer:Is...howwouldyoucompareyourmom?Isshelessstrictthanyourdad?Mm-hmm.Well,she'slessstrict,butit's,it'slikeIcan'twin,y'know?Thestuffthatmydad'snotstrictabout,mymom'sstrictabout,and・thestuffthatmymom'snotstrictabout,mydadis.And,well,likemydaddoesn'tletmeseePG-13*orRmovies,butmymomdoes.She,well,sherentsR-rated*movies,andletsmewatchthemandall,butmydadwon'tevenletmeseePG-13.Eric:Well,uh,that'snotreallytrue.Itdependsonwhatitis.MyrulewithPG-13iseitherI'vehadtohaveseenitfirstor,youknow,talkedtosomeonewhoItrust...who'sseenit.Interviewer:So,yourmom'slooseraboutmovies.Uh,what'sshestricterabout?Jora:Chores,junkfood,buyingmespecificthings-Interviewer:Whenyousaybuyingyouthings,doyoumean-Jora:Likewhenwegotothestore.Interviewer:Shedoesn'twanttopayforthem?Jora:Shedoesn'twanttopayforthings.Shewantsmetobuymyownfriends'presents,youknow,stufflikethatInterviewer:So,doyougetanallowance?Jora:Yeah,Ido.Interviewer:So,Jora,whatdoyouthinkaboutyourdad?Doyouthinkhe'saprettygooddad?Imean,howdoeshecomparewithyourfriends'fathers?Jora:Urn,mydadisverystrict,buthe's...he's..,he'sprettygood.He...he'sveryniceandheletsmedojustenoughsoIdon'tgettooangry.Directions:Listentothedialogueanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).T2.T3.F4.T5.T6.F7.T8.TPart2PassageABriefHistoryofBankingWhendidthefirstbanksappear?Thefirstbankerslivedmorethan2,000yearsago.Theyweremoneychangers,situatedusuallyatatableorinasmallshopinthecommercialdistrict,aidingtravelerswhocametothetownbyexchangingforeigncoinsforlocalmoneyordiscountingcommercialnotesforafeeinordertosupplymerchantswithworkingcapital.Thefirstbankersprobablyusedtheirowncapitaltofundtheiractivities,butitwasn'tlongbeforetheideaofattractingdepositsandsecuringtemporaryloansfromwealthycustomersbecameanimportantsourceofbankfunding.Loanswerethenmadetomerchants,shippers,andlandowners,atratesofinterestaslowas6percentperannumtoashighas48percentamonthfortheriskiestventures!MostoftheearlybanksofanysizewereGreekinorigin.ThebankingindustrygraduallyspreadoutwardfromtheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRomeintonorthernandwesternEurope.BankingencounteredreligiousoppositionduringtheMiddleAges,primarilybecauseloansmadetothepooroftencarriedhighinterestrates.However,astheRenaissancebeganinEurope,thebulkofbankloansanddepositsinvolvedrelativelywealthycustomers,whichhelpedtoreducereligiousoppositiontobankingpractices.Thedevelopmentofnewoverlandtraderoutesandimprovementsinnavigationinthe15th,16th,and17thcenturiesgraduallyshiftedthecenterofworldcommercefromtheMediterraneanregiontowardEuropeandtheBritishIsles,wherebankingbecamealeadingindustry.TheIndustrialRevolutiondemandedawell-developedfinancialsystem.Inparticular,theadoptionofmassproductionmethodsrequiredacorrespondingexpansioninglobaltradetoabsorbindustrialoutput,requiringnewmethodsformakingpaymentsandcreditavailable.Banksthatcoulddeliverontheseneedsgrewrapidly.TheearlybanksinEuropewereplacesforsafekeepingofvaluableitems(suchasgoldandsilverbullion)aspeoplecametofearlossoftheirassetsduetowar,theft,orexpropriationbygovernment.InEnglandduringthereignsofHenryVIIIandCharlesI,governmenteffortstoseizeprivateholdingsofgoldandsilverresultedinpeopledepositingtheirvaluablesingoldsmiths'shops,who,inturn,wouldissuetokens*orcertificates,indicatingthatthecustomerhadmadeadepositatthesebusinesses.Soon,goldsmithtokensorcertificatesbegantocirculateasmoneybecausetheyweremoreconvenientandlessriskytocarryaround.Thegoldsmithsalsoofferedcertificationofvalueservices-whatwetodaymightcallpropertyappraisals*.Customerswouldbringinvaluablestohaveanexpertcertifythattheseitemswereindeedrealandnotfakes-aservicemanybanksstillprovidetheircustomers.WhencolonieswereestablishedinNorthandSouthAmerica,OldWorldbankingpracticesweretransferredtotheNewWorld.Asthe19thcenturybegan,stategovernmentsintheUnitedStatesbeganchartering*bankingcompanies.Thedevelopmentoflarge,professionallymanagedbankingfirmswascenteredinafewleadingcommercialcenters,especiallyNewYork.ThefederalgovernmentbecameamajorforceinUSbankingduringCivilWar.A:Pre-listeningQuestionAbankis,actually,abusinessorganization,usuallyalimitedcompany,whichtradesmainlyinmoney,receivingandholdingdepositsandpayingsumsoutofthembyorderofthecustomer,lendingmoneyatinterest,discountingbillsofexchange,movingfromoneplacetoanother,actingascustomer'sagentinbuyingandsellingsecurities,servingastrusteeorexecutor,andperformingvariousextraservicesforcustomers,e.g.arrangingtravelandinsuranceandadvisingontaxandinvestment.B:SentenceDictationDirection:Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.Situatedusuallyatatableorinasmallshopinthecommercialdistrict,thebankersaidedtravelerswhocametothetownbyexchangingforeigncoinsforlocalmoney.Itwasn'tlongbeforetheideaofattractingdepositsandsecuringtemporaryloansfromwealthycustomersbecameanimportantsourceofbankfunding.ThebankingindustrygraduallyspreadoutwardfromtheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRomeintonorthernandwesternEurope.TheearlybanksinEuropewereplacesforsafekeepingofvaluableitemsaspeoplecametofearlossoftheirassetsduetowar,theft,orexpropriationbygovernment.Asthe19thcenturybegan,thedevelopmentoflarge,professionallymanagedbankingfirmswascenteredinafewleadingcommercialcenters,especiallyNewYork.C:DetailedListeningDirections:Listentothepassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.B2.A3.C4.D5.D6.A7.C&BD:After-listeningDiscussionDirections:Listentothepassageagainanddiscussthefollowingquestions.TheearlybanksinEuropewereplacesforsafekeepingofvaluableitems(suchasgoldandsilverbullion)aspeoplecametofearlossoftheirassetsduetowar,theft,orexpropriationbygovernment.InEnglandduringthereignsofHenryVIIIandCharlesI,governmenteffortstoseizeprivateholdingsofgoldandsilverresultedinpeopledepositingtheirvaluablesingoldsmiths'shops,who,inturn,wouldissuetokensorcertificates,indicatingthatthecustomerhadmadeadepositatthesebusinesses.Soon,goldsmithtokensorcertificatesbegantocirculateasmoneybecausetheyweremoreconvenientandlessriskytocarryaround.Thegoldsmithsalsoofferedcertificationofvalueservices-whatwetodaymightcallpropertyappraisals.Customerswouldbringinvaluablestohaveanexpertcertifythattheseitemswereindeedrealandnotfakes-aservicemanybanksstillprovidetheircustomers.SectionThreeNewsNewsItem1GreenandIceSheetAUSSpaceAgencystudyfindsthatGreenlandismeltingaroundtheedges.Thelosstotheworld'ssecondlargesticesheet-morethan50cubickilometersperyear-isenoughtoraiseglobalsealevelby0.13millimeters.NASAscientistBillKrabillsaysthedataindicatesaprocessofchangethatdoesnotimmediatelythreatencoastalregions."Themoreimportantthingistoconsideritasasignalofglobalclimatechangeandtomonitoritincaseitstartstoaccelerate."Eighty-fivepercentofGreenlandiscoveredbyiceandismoreaccessibleforscientificstudythanAntarctica,whichisundertheworld'slargesticesheet."Greenland,thewayit'spositioned-muchmorenorthsouth,andthesoutherntipofGreenlandprotrudesintothemoretemperate*latitudes*-itmayreactmuchquickertoglobalclimatechangethanAntarcticadoes."A:Directions:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisabouttherapidthinningoftheicesheetonGreenland.B:Directions:Listentothenewsagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1.F2.F3.T4.T5.TNewsItem2CoolingAntarcticaAnewstudysaysAntarctica,thesouthernmostcontinent,hascooledmeasurablyinrecentyears.Thefindingsareadeparturefromglobaltrendsthatshowsignificantwarmingduringthelastcentury.UniversityofChicagoProfessorPete~Doranmonitorsthepulse*ofAntarctica.Heandotherresearchershaveplotted*climatetrendsintheregion.TheyareworkingwithdatafromweatherstationsinAntarctica'sDryValleys,aperpetuallysnow-free,mountainouszone,andfromstationsacrossthecontinent.Theirrecordsshowadecreaseby0.7degreesCelsiusperdecadeintheDryValleyssince1986andasimilarcoolingtrendacrossthecontinentsince1978.Doransaid,"Antarcticaissomewhatisolatedbecausethereisabigoceancurrent*thatconstantlycirclesaroundthecontinentandactuallysortofisolatesit,andthat'swhatmakesitcold.And,thatmaybeafactorinwhyweareseeingAntarcticacoolingisthatslightdisconnectfromtherestoftheglobe,andit'snotbehavinginthesameway."A:Directions:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisabouttheresultofanewstudythatsuggestsAntarcticcooling.B:Directions:Listentothenewsagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.AnewstudysaysAntarctica,thesouthernmostcontinent,hascooledmeasurablyinrecentyears.ProfessorPeterDoranandotherresearchershaveplottedclimatetrendsintheregion.Antarctica'sDryValleysisaperpetuallysnow-free,mountainouszone.Therecordsshowadecreaseby0.7degreesCelsiusperdecadeintheDryValleyssince1986andasimilarcoolingtrendacrossthecontinentsince1978.Thereisabigoceancurrentthatconstantlycirclesaroundthecontinent,soAntarcticaissomewhatisolatedfromtherestoftheglobe,anddoesnotbehaveinthesameway.NewsItem3ClimateChangeTheUNstudypredictsglobaltemperatureswillincreasebynearlysixdegreesCelsiusduringthiscentury.Itsaysthiswillleadtoincreasedflooding,drought,ariseinsealevels,andotherclimaticeffects.What'more,itsaysallregionsoftheworldwillsufferadverseeffectsofclimatechange.Thepanel'sco-chairman,JamesMcCarthy,sayssomeplantandmammalswillbeirreversiblydamaged;otherswillbecomeextinct.Mr.McCarthysaysmillionsofpeoplewillbemadehomelessinlow-lyingcountriessuchasBangladeshbecauseofsealevelrise.Someislandswilldisappearcompletely.EconomiclosseswillbeincalculableInaddition,thereportsayscropandwaterlosswillleadtomorefamineindryareasoftheworld,suchasAfrica.A:Directions:ListentothenewsitemandcompletethesummaryThisnewsitemisaboutastudyreportonthedangersofglobalwarming.B:Directions:Listentothenewsagainandcompletethefollowingoutline.GlobalWarmingGlobaltemperaturesincreaseA.GlobaltemperatureswillincreasebynearlysixdegreesCelsius.II.UnfavorableeffectsIncreasedflooding,droughtwithcropandwaterlossSomeplantsandmammalswillbeirreversiblydamagedorbecomeextinct.Morefamineindryareasoftheworld,suchasAfrica.Ariseinsealevels,andotherclimaticeffectsMillionsofpeoplewillbecomehomelessinlow-lyingcountriessuchasBangladesh.Someislandswilldisappearcompletely.Economiclosseswillbeincalculable.SectionFourSupplementaryExercisesSectionFourPart1FeatureReportNewDataShowIceLossinGreenlandAcceleratingWithoutanagreementthatreducesclimatechangingemissions,coastalcommunitiesaroundtheworldareatriskofrisingsealevels.NewdataconfirmtheGreenlandicesheetislosingmassatanacceleratingrate.Thecalculations,basedonstate-of-the-artsatelliteobservationscombinedwithcomputermodelsofGreenland'schangingicescape,arefurtherevidence,scientistssay,oftheimpactofglobalwarming.ThecalculationsareconsideredthemostreliabletodatebecausetheycombinedatafromthetwinGravityRecoveryandClimateExperimentsatellites,knownasGRACE,withcomputermodelsofGreenland'schangingicescape.GRACEdetectsalterationsingravitycausedbyreductionsintheicesheet.Butthecalculationsdonottellscientistswhatiscausingtheicecaptoshrink,saysMichielvandenBroeke,aprofessorofpolarmeteorologyatUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlands.VandenBroekeandcolleaguescreatedamodelhesaysindicatestheformationoficebergsandmeltingiceplayequalrolesinreducingthesizeoftheGreenlandIceSheet.ThestudybyvandenBroekeandcolleaguestracesthebeginningofGreenland'sicelossto1996.Someexpertsbelieveifcurrenttrendscontinue,globalsealevelswillrisebyameterormorebytheendofthecentury.SteveNerem,aprofessorofaerospaceengineeringsciencesattheUniversityofColoradoinBouldersaysthatiswhyitisimportanttorefinepredictionsofwhattheGreenlandIceSheetisgoingtodo.IftheentireGreenlandicesheetweretomelt,Neremsaysitcontainsenoughwatertocauseaglobalsea-levelriseofsevenmeters.Forlow-lyingcountriestoprepare,Neremsays,scientistsneedtoknowhowquicklytheGreenlandicemassismelting."Ifthemeterinsealevelriseweretohappenveryrapidly,sayin50years,itwillbeveryhardtobuildtheinfrastructure,youknowthedykes-andtheotherthingstoholdbackthewater-quicklyenoughtopreventtheinundationthatwouldoccurwithameterofsea-levelrise.Ifitweretotakehundredsofyears,thenthatwouldprobablybeenoughtimeforpopulatedareastobuildtheprotectionsthattheyneedtocombatthis."A:Directions:listentothenewsreportandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsreportisabouttheGreenlandicesheetlosingmassatanacceleratingrate.B:Directions:listentothenewsreportagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.Coastalcommunitiesaroundtheworldareatriskofrisingsealevels.GRACEstandsforGravityRecoveryandClimateExperiment.BecausetheycombinedatafromthetwinGravityRecoveryandClimateExperimentsatellites,knownasGRACE,withcomputermodelsofGreenland'schangingicescape.TheformationoficebergsandmeltingiceplayequalrolesinreducingthesizeoftheGreenlandIceSheet.Neremsaysitcontainsenoughwatertocauseaglobalsea-levelriseofsevenmeters.Part2passage

PandasThegiantpandas'prospectsarebetternowthanintherecentpast.Newinsightsintobehavior,dietandphysiologyofferhopethatwemaybeabletoprotectandbreedtheseanimalsmoreeffectively.Pandasareexceedinglyelusive.Pandasarenaturalvagrants,unsociableandeccentric.Therehasbeenconsiderabledebateovertheevolutionofpandas.Someexpertshavethoughtthattheydescendedfromraccoons*.Othersbelievetheyshareacommonancestorwiththebear,butevolvedindependently.TheanimalscouldoncebefoundinmuchofsouthernandeasternChina,aswellaspartsofSoutheastAsia.Andthoughthepanda'srangehassteadilyshrunk,itshabitsareunaltered.Thepanda'sroutineisindeedabum'slife,spentwanderingfromonebadmealtoanotherandbeddingdowninthenearestdarkcorner.Althoughpandascanswimandclimbtrees,theyspendmostoftheirtimeseekingoutandchewingbamboo.Pandashavebeenknowntoeatchickenandhoneywhenbambooisinshortsupply.Butinthewild,bambooistheirprimaryfare.Andbecauseitissuchapoorsourceofnutritionandhardforthemtodigest,pandasmusteatprodigiousamounts.Pandasconsumeabout30poundsofbambooaday.Onthismonotonousdiet,theyattainweightsofupto250pounds.Theymakeavarietyofsounds:bleating,chirping,huffing,snortingandevenbarkinglikeadogifstartled.Ataboutagefive,thefemale,smallerthanthemale,willmoan,signalingsheisreceptive.Hercallisoftenansweredbyasmanyasthreeorfourmales.InlateAugustorSeptember,afteragestationperiodestimatedat90to160days,thefemalegivesbirth.Herlitteroftenconsistsoftwomouse-sizenewbornscoveredinsparsewhitehair,throughwhichtheirpinkskinshows.Butsheislikelytofocusonasinglecub-notnecessarilythehealthier-andlettheotherdie.Thebabyiscaredforinacaveorhollowtreethatthefemalehaslinedwithbambootwigs.Themotherassumessoleresponsibilityforthecub,nursingitoftenduringthefirstsixmonths.Sheguardsherinfantclosely,carryingitinherpaworteeth.Notuntilitis18monthsoldisheroffspring*,bythenalmost100poundsheavier,readytoliveonitsown.Afemalecanconceiveonlytwoorthreedaysayear.Becauseshetakes18monthstorearheroffspring,shewillreproduceonlyonceeverytwoyears.Themostpromisinghopeforthepanda'sfutureseemstobetheincreasedeffortsbytheChinesegovernment.Publicconcernforthewelfareofpandashasbeenheightenedbystiffpenaltiesforpoachin