2012年国家开发银行招聘考试笔试真题及答案解析(英语能力测试部分)

2012年国家开发银行招聘考试笔试真题及答案解析（整理/陈远跃）英语能力测试部分（限时60分钟）一、单项选择题（每题1分，共20题）1.Thisticket______youtoafreeboattouronthelake.A)entitlesB)appointsC)grantsD)credits2.Thisisthenursewho______tomewhenIwasillinhospital.A)accompaniedB)attendedC)entertainedD)shielded3.Iwasaboutto______amatchwhenIrememberedTom’swarning.A)rubB)hitC)scrapeD)strike4.Theadvertisementsaysthismaterialdoesn’t______inthewash,butithas.A)contractB)shrinkC)slimD)dissolve5.Hewasproudofbeingchosentoparticipateinthegameandhe______usthathewouldtryashardaspossible.A)insuredB)guaranteedC)assumedD)assured6.Notonlytheprofessionalsbutalsotheamateurswill______fromthenewtrainingfacilities.A)deriveB)acquireC)benefitD)reward7.Theworkwasalmostcompletewhenwereceivedordersto______nofurtherwithit.A)progressB)proceedC)marchD)promote8.Iwaitedforhimhalfanhour,buthenever______.A)turnedinB)turneddownC)turnedoffD)turnedup9.Ahousewithadangerousgas______canbebrokenintoimmediately.A)leakB)splitC)messD)crack10.Adarksuitis______toalightoneforeveningwear.A)favourableB)suitableC)preferableD)proper11.ItwasintheUnitedStatesthatImadethe______ofprofessorJones.A)acknowledgementB)acquaintanceC)recognitionD)association12.Couldyoutakea______sheetofpaperandwriteyournameatthetop?A)bareB)vacantC)hollowD)blank13.Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelytohavelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscomefrom______backgrounds.A)extensiveB)influentialC)diverseD)identical14.Areaswherestudentshaveparticulardifficultyhavebeentreated______particularcare.A)byB)inC)underD)with15.Hegavea______tohandletheaffairsinafriendlymanner.A)pledgeB)missionC)plungeD)motion16.Don’tletthechildplaywithscissors______hecutshimself.A)incaseB)sothatC)nowthatD)onlyif17.______thedangerfromenemyaction,peoplehadtocopewithasevereshortageoffood,clothing,fuel,andalmosteverything.A)AsfarasB)AslongasC)AswellasD)Assoonas18.Manypeoplelosttheirjobsduringthebusiness______.A)desperationB)decreaseC)despairD)depression19.Wheneverabigcompany______asmallone,theproductalmostalwaysgetsworse.A)getsonwithB)cutsdownC)takesoverD)putsupwith20.Mr.Smithwastheonlywitnesswhosaidthatthefirewas______.A)matureB)deliberateC)meaningfulD)innocent1.Ｂ2.Ｄ3.Ｂ4.Ｃ5.Ｃ6.Ｂ7.Ｄ8.Ｃ9.Ａ10.Ｂ11.Ａ12.Ｃ13.Ｃ14.Ａ15.Ｄ16.Ｂ17.Ｄ18.Ａ19.Ｄ20.Ｃ二、完形填空题（每题1.5分，共20题）Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantation(器官移植)ispoorlydefined.Theexistingframework【B1】tophysicalassaultandcareofthedeadhasno【B2】fororgantransplantation.Itis【B3】togetthepermissionoftherelatives,【B4】becauseorgan【B5】musttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelatives【B6】time.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonsto【B7】intheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.An【B8】istoprovidebylawthatpermissionis【B9】unlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.Itis,ofcourse,importantthatthere【B10】publicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnot【B11】normalresuscitative(抢救的)effortsofthe【B12】donor.Transplantationhasobviously【B13】importantethicalconsiderations【B14】thediagnosisofdeath.Everyeffortmustbemadeto【B15】theheartbeattosomeonewhohasasuddencardiacarrest(心博停止)or【B16】tosomeonewhocannotbreathe.【B17】artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,mustbecontinued【B18】itisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthat【B19】thispointeffortsatresuscitationare【B20】.1.ArelatingBassociatedCassociatingDrelated答案:A语义干扰题。选项中A)relating+to意为“与……有关的”；B)associated意为“与……相联系的”，后面接with；C)associating通上；D)related+to意为“与……有联系的”，其中A表达的意思最为准确。为正确答案。2.AdescriptionBprovisionCruleDstatement答案:B语义干扰题。选项中A)description意为“描写，记述”；B)provision意为“条款，规定”；C)rule意为“规则，准则”；D)statement意为“声明，陈述”。本句的意思是“在现有的关于人生攻击和看护死者的法律框架中并没有关于器官移植的规定”，B表达的意思最为准确，是正确答案。3.AimpossibleBvitalCritualDcustomary答案:D语义干扰题。本句的意思是“进行器官移植要取得亲属的同意”，选项中A)impossible意为“不可能”。用在句中不恰当；B)vital意为“生死攸关的”，此词的色彩过重；C)ritual意为“仪礼的”，用在句中也不合适；D)customary意为“习惯的，惯例的”，符合句意，为答案。4.AandBorCbutDthen答案:C语篇理解题。本题考查句子间的逻辑关系。上文中说到“进行器官移植一般的作法是要取得亲属的同意”，而下文叙述的是器官移植要立即进行，可能来不及通知家属，显然上下文之间是转折关系，因此本题正确答案为but。5.AreplacementBtransplantationCremovalDburial答案:C语义干扰题。根据上下文可知，空白处所填单词与organ(器官)表达的意思是器官切除、移除．选项中A)replacement“复位。代替”，不合题意；B)transplantation意为“移植”，也不合题意；C)removal意为“移除，切除”，符合题意；D)burial意为“埋葬”，不合题意，所以正确答案为C。6.AatBinConDwithin答案:B固定搭配题。句中intime构成固定搭配。意为“及时”。句子的意思是“可能不能及时联系到家属”，选项中ontime也构成固定搭配，但意思是按时，不合句意，因此正确答案为B。7.AsayBprovideCsupplyDmention答案:B语义干扰题。根据上下文可知本句要表达的意思是“鼓励病人在遗嘱中说明自己的器官用于移植”，选项中A)say意为“说”。泛指说话；B)provide意为“供应，提供”，此外还有规定的意思，在指遗嘱这种具有法律效力的文件时比较合适；C)supply意为“补给，提供”；D)mention意为“提到，说起”，由此可见B表达的意思最为准确，为正确答案。8.AalterationBoperationCoptionDalternative答案:D语义干扰题。选项中A)alteration意为“变更，改造”；B)operation意为“行动，实施，手术”；C)option意为“选择”，强调选择的权利；D)alternative意为“可供选的方法”，强调所选的事物，本句表达意思是“也可由法律规定没经特殊说明就认定为可以进行器官移植”，因此D为正确答案。9.AgainedBacquiredCassumedDgot答案:C语义干扰题。选项中A)gained意为“得到”，指经过自己的劳动努力而得到；B)acquired意为“获得”，指后天通过自己的努力得到；C)assumed意为“没有确凿的证据就假定为正确的或真实的”；D)got意为“得到”，根据上下文可知C为正确答案。10.AisBbeCareDwouldbe答案:B语法知识题。本题考查虚拟语气的用法，在itisimportantthat的从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词应用should+do的形式，而should可以省略．由此可知本题的正确答案为be。11.AimpairBrepairCharmDhurt答案:A语义干扰题。选项中A)impair意为“削弱”；B)repair意为“修理．修补”；C)harm意为“伤害，损害”；D)hurt意为“伤害，危害”，本句表达的意思是“考虑器官移植不能影响到对器官捐献者的正常抢救”，由此可知A)impair的意思比较准确，是正确答案。12.AfutureBtomorrowCpotentialDpossible答案:C语义干扰题。空白处所填单词修饰donor(捐献者)，A)future意为“将来的”；B)tomorrow意为“明天的”，引申为“将来的”；C)potential意为“潜在的，可能的”，强调潜力；D)possible意为“可能的”，强调可能性。比较可知C更为准确，是正确答案。13.AroseBarousedCaroseDraised答案:D语义干扰题。分析句子结构可知．空白处所填单词为及物动词，与importantethicalconsiderations(重要的道德考虑)搭配，A)rose常作不及物动词，不合本句结构；B)aroused为及物动词，意为“唤醒，唤起”，不合句意；C)arose为不及物动词，意为“引起，源自”；D)raised为及物动词，意为“提出，引起”，符合题意和句子结构，为正确答案。14.AconcerningBconcernedCrelatingDassociating答案:A语义干扰题。本句的意思是“器官移植明显地引起了关于死亡诊断的道德思考”，空白处所填单词的意思是关于，选项A)concerning意为“关于”，符合句意；B)concerned意为“关心的”，C)relating意为“与……有关”，后接to；D)associating为“与……相关联”，因此正确答案为A。15.AgiveBrestoreClendDhelp答案:B语义干扰题。从上下文可以判断，本句的意思是“必须尽一切努力恢复心搏停止的人的心脏跳动”，空白处所填单词表达的意思是恢复，选项中A)give意为“给……”，B)restore意为“恢复”；C)lend意为“借给”，D)help意为“帮助”，所以正确答案为B。16.AbreathBrespiringCbreathingDair答案:C语义干扰题。选项A)breath意为“呼吸，气息”，强调状态；B)respiring是respire呼吸的现在分词；C)breathing意为“呼吸”，强调动作；D)air意为“空气”，本句的意思是“要尽力恢复那些停止呼吸人的呼吸”。强调的是动作，因此正确答案为C。17.AIncontrastBInadditionCConsequentlyDHowever答案:B语篇理解题。本题考查上下文之间的逻辑关系。上文中提到要尽一切努力恢复病人的心跳和呼吸，下文中叙述了人工呼吸、按摩心脏等标准的抢救方法应该一直进行，直到确定病人的脑死亡，显然上下文之间是补充关系，选项A)Incontrast表示对比关系；B)Inaddition表示补充关系；C)Consequently表示因果关系；D)However表示转折关系，因此正确答案为B。18.AthatBuntilCwhenDsince答案:B结构辨析题。本句的意思是“抢救措施应一直进行，直到确定病人脑死亡”，所以正确答案为B)until表示直到的意思。19.AonBinCatDbeyond答案:D语法知识题。本题考查介词的运用。本句的意思是多数外科医生认为人脑死亡后所有的抢救措施就都没用了，选项中只有D)beyond表示超过那一点，也就是脑死亡之后，所以D是正确答案。20.ApromisingBprofitableCuselessDworthy答案:C语义干扰题。本句意思是多数外科医生认为人脑死亡后所有的抢救措施就都没用了，选项中A)promising意为“有希望的”；B)profitable意为“有利可图的”；C)useless意为“无用的”；D)worthy意为“值得的”，所以C为正确答案。三、阅读理解题（每题2.5分，共20题）1、TheColonelaskAshendenagoodmanyquestionsandthensuggestedthathehadparticularqualificationsfortheSecretService.AshendenknewseveralEuropeanlanguagesandthefactthathewasawriterprovidedexcellentcover:onthepretextthathewaswritingabookhecould,withoutattractingattention,visitanyneutralcountry.ItwaswhiletheywerediscussingthispointthattheColonelsaid,"Youknowyoumightgetmaterialthatwouldbeveryusefultoyouinyourwork.I'lltellyouanincidentthatoccurredonlyrecently.Verydramatic.AforeigngovernmentministerwentdowntoaMediterraneanresorttofecoverfromacoldandhehadsomeveryimportantdocumentswithhimthathekeptinadespatchcase."Adayortwoafterhearrived,hepickedupablondeatsomerestaurantorother,andhegotveryfriendlywithher.Hetookherbacktohishotel,andwhenhecametohimselfinthemorningtheladyandthedespatch-casehaddisappeared.Theyhadoneortwodrinksupinhisroomandhistheoryisthatwhenhisbackwasturnedthewomanslippedadruginhisglass.""Doyoumeantosaythathappenedtheotherday?"saidAshendenwearily."Theweekbeforelast.""Impossible,"criedAshenden."Why,we'vebeenputtingthatincidentonthestageforsixtyyears,we'vewrittenitinathousandnovels.Doyoumeantosaythatlifehasonlyjustcaughtupwithus?""Well,Icanvouchforthetruthofthestory."saidtheColonel,"Andbelieveme,thegovernmentconcernedhasbeenputtonoendoftroublebythelossofthedocuments.""Wellsir,ifyoucan'tdobetterthanthatintheSecretService,"sighedAshenden,"thatI'mafraidthatasasourceofinspirationtothewriteroffiction,it'swashout."1.HowdidtheColonelsuggestthatAshenden'sbeingawriterwouldrelatetohisworkasaspy?a.Itwouldmaketravellingabroadmorepossible.b.Itwouldmakeiteasierforhimtomeetpeople.c.Itwouldenablehimtoavoidarousingsuspicion.d.Itwouldenablehimtousethelanguagesheknew.2.ThereasonfortheMinister'stripwas________.a.tofetchsomedocumentsb.togetoveranillnessc.tomeetaspyd.todeliversomepapers3.AccordingtotheColoneltheincidenthappened_______.a.afewdaysbeforeb.afewweeksbeforec.twoweeksbefored.sixtyyearsbefore4.Ashendencried'Impossible'afterhearingtheColonel'sstorybecausehethought______.a.itcouldnotpossiblyhappenb.itwastooembarrassingc.itwastooclosetofictiond.itwastoorecent5.Theeffectofthelossofdocumentsontheforeigngovernmentwasthat_______.a.itputanendtoonesourceoftroubleb.itcausedthemalotofinconveniencec.theymerelydeniedithadhappenedd.theyrefusedtobelieveit【答案】：cbccd2、"Cultureshock"occursasresultoftotalimmersioninanewculture.Ithappensto"peoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad."Newcomersmaybeanxiousbecausetheydonotspeakthelanguage,knowthecustoms,orunderstandpeople'sbehaviorindailylife.Thevisitorfindsthat"yes"maynotalwaysmean"yes",thatfriendlinessdoesnotnecessarilymeanfriendship,orthatstatementsthatappeartobeseriousarereallyintendedasjokes.Theforeignermaybeunsureastowhentoshakehands,whentostartconversations,orhowtoapproachastranger.Thenotionof"cultureshock"helpsexplainfeelingsofbewildermentanddisorientation.Languageproblemsdonotaccountforallthefrustrationsthatpeoplefeel.Whenoneisdeprivedofeverythingthatwasoncefamiliar,suchasunderstandingatransportationsystem,knowinghowtoregisterforuniversityclasses,orknowinghowtomakefriends,difficultiesincopingwhththenewsocietymayarise."...whenanindividualentersastrangeculture,heorsheislikefishoutofwater."Newcomersfeelattimesthattheydonotbelongtoandfeelalienatedfromthenativemembersoftheculture.Whenthishappensvisitorsmaywanttorejecteverythingaboutthenewenvironmentandmayglorifyandexaggeratethepositiveaspectsoftheirownculture.Converselyvisitorsmayscorntheirnativecountrybyrejectingitsvaluesandinsteadchoosingtoidentifywith(ifonlytemporatily)thevalueofthenewcountry.Thismayoccurasanattempttoover-identifywiththenewcultureinordertobeacceptedbythepeopleinit.1.Theexpression"heorsheislikefishoutofwater"suggests______.a.peopleawayfromtheirculturescanhardlysurviveinanewcultureb.afishcannotsurvivewithoutwaterc.peopleawayfromtheircultureexperiencementalisolationd.peopleawayfromtheirculturehavedifficultiesinnewenvironment2.Inordertoidentifywiththenewenvironment,somepeoplemay______.a.giveanexaggeratedpictureoftheirowncountryb.criticizethepositiveaspectsoftheirowncountyc.abandontheiroriginalbeliefsd.acceptatemporarysetofvalues3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheauthor?a.Perplexityresultsincultureshock.b.Atypicalsymptomofculturshockisconfusion.c.Cultureshockistheexplanationofanxiety.d.Cultureshockhappenstoforeignstudentsonly.4.Newcomermayworryabout______.a.theirignoranceofthealiencustomsb.theirknowledgeof"Yes"inthenativelanguagec.theirunderstandingoffriendshipd.theircontroloftheirbehavior5.Whentheforeignvisitorisimmersedinnewproblemshefindshardtocopewhith,heismostlikelytofeel______.a.uninsuredb.deprivedc.alienatedd.baffled【答案】：cbbac3、TheorangetowersoftheGoldenGateBridge--probablythemostbeautiful,certainlythemostphotographedbridgeintheworld--arevisiblefromalmosteverypointofelevationinSanFrancisco.TheonlycrackinNorthernCalifornia's600-milecontinentalwall,foryearsthismile-widestraitwasconsideredunbridgeable.Asmuchanarchitecturalasanengineeringfeat,theGoldenGatetookonly52monthstodesignandbuild,andwasopenedin1937.DesignedbyJosephStrauss,itwasthefirstreallymassivesuspensionbridge,withaspanof4,200ft,anduntil1959rankedastheworld'slongest.ItconnectsthecityatitsnorthwesterlypointonthepeninsulatoMarinCountyandNorthernCalifornia,renderingthehithertoessentialferrycrossingredundant,andwasdesignedtowithstandwindsofuptoahundredmilesanhourandtoswingasmuchas27ft.Handsomeonaclearday,thebridgetakesonaneerie(神秘的)qualitywhenthethickwhitefogspourinandhideitalmostcompletely.Youcaneitherdriveorwalkacross.Thedriveisthemorethrillingofthetwooptionsasyouraceunderthebridge'stowers,butthehalf-hourwalkacrossitreallygivesyoutimetotakeinitsenormoussizeandabsorbtheviewsofthecitybehindyouandtheheadlandsofNorthernCaliforniastraightahead.Pauseatthemidwaypointandconsiderthesevenorsosuicidesamonthwhochoosethisspot,260ftup,astheirjumping-offspot.Monitorsofsucheventsspeculatethatvictimsalwaysfacethecitybeforetheyleap.In1995,whenthesuicidetollfromthebridgehadreachedalmost1,000,policekeptthefiguresquiettoavoidarushofwould-besuicidesgoingforthedubiousdistinctionofbeingthethousandthpersontoleap.PerhapsthebestlovedsymbolofSanFrancisco,in1987theGoldenGateprovedanauspiciousplace(风水宝地)forasunrisepartywhencrowdsgatheredtocelebrateitsfiftiethanniversary.Somequarterofamillionpeopleturnedup(athirdofthecity'sentirepopulation);thewindswerestrongandhugenumberscausedthebridgetobuckle(使弯曲),butfortunatelynottobreak.1.WhatisTUREoftheGoldenGateBridge?A.Itiscertainlytheworld'smostbeautifulbridge.B.ItisfarfromSanFrancisco.C.Itisafeatneitherarchitecturallynorengineeringlybefore1960.D.Itwastheworldlongestbridge.2.WhatdoyouknowfurtherabouttheGoldenGateBridge?A.Itisoverastraitwherenobridgecouldhavebeenbuiltbeforethe1930s.B.ItisthefirstmassivebridgedesignedbyJosephStrauss.C.Itappearswhileinthethickwhitefogs.D.ItconnectsMarinCountrywithNorthernCalifornia.3.Ofthetwoexercises,thedriveoverthebridgeismore_________.A.interestingB.fascinatingC.invitingD.exciting4.Thosewhoattempttosuicideoftenjumpfromthemidwaypointofthebridgeprobablybecause_________.A.theywanttodiequietlyB.theywanttodiequicklyC.theywanttotakeaglanceatthebridge'stowersD.theywanttotakeaglanceatSanFrancisco5.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheWorld'sMostBeautifulBridgeB.TheWorld'sMostPhotographedBridgeC.TheWorld'sFirstSuspensionBridgeD.TheGoldenGateBridge答案：DADDD4、Anakedmoleratcolony,likeabeehive,wasp’snest,ortermitemound(防蚁丘),isruledbyitsqueen,orreproducingfemale.Otheradultfemalemoleratsneitherovulate(排卵)norbreed.Thequeenofthelargestmemberofthecolony,andshemaintainsherbreedingstatusthroughamixtureofbehavioraland,presumably,chemicalcontrol.Queenshavebeenlong-livedincaptivity,andwhentheydieorareremovedfromacolonyoneseesviolentfightingforbreedingstatusamongthelargerremainingfemales,leadingtoatakeoverbyanewqueen.Eusocial(群居的)insectsocietieshaverigidcaste(等级的)systems,eachinsect’srolebeingdefinedbyitsbehavior,bodyshape,andphysiology.Innakedmoleratsocieties,ontheotherhand,differencesinbehaviorarerelatedprimarilytoreproductivestatus(reproductionbeinglimitedtothequeenandafewmales),bodysize,andperhapsage.Smallernon-breedingmembers,bothmaleandfemale,seemtoparticipateprimarilyingatheringfood,transportingnestmaterial,andtunneling,Largernon-breedersareactiveindefendingthecolonyandperhapsinremovingdirtfromthetunnels.Oneworkhassuggestedthatdifferencesingrowthratesmayinfluencethelengthoftimethatanindividualperformsatask,regardlessofitsage.Cooperativebreedinghasevolvedmanytimesinvertebrates(脊椎动物),butunlikenakedmolerats,mostcooperativelybreedingvertebrates(exceptthewilddog,Lycaonpictus)aredominatedbyapairofbreedersratherthanbyasinglebreedingfemale.Thedivisionoflaborwithinsocial