(完整word)高一英语重点和难点

高一英语第一学期重点和难点重点:句子的成分和种类状语、定语、名词性从句重点词汇和句型难点：1.翻译的技巧2.时态（含现在完成进行时和将来完成时）及语态（含主动表被动）高一英语讲义教学对象:新高一教学时长:2个小时教学重难点:1.英语句子成分解2.英语句子种类讲解教学过程:一:导入:自我介绍及简单的师生交流二:新知识点讲授1）英语简单句的五种基本结构S+V是主谓S+V+DO是主谓加双宾S+V+P是主谓宾S（主语）+V（谓语）+1（间接宾语）+D（直接宾语）S（主语）+V（动词）+0（宾语）+Complement（补语）下面是讲解Subject（主语）+Verb（谓语）这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appeal；apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise,等等。如：Thestudentsworkveryhard.学生们学习很努力。Sheapologizedtomeagain.她再次向我道歉。Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayevening■事故是昨天晚上发生的。Subject（主语）+Link.V（系动词）+Predicate（表语）这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：（1）表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。如：Severalplayerslayflatontheplayground.几个队员平躺在操场上。Weshouldremainmodestandprudentanytime.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。Thiskindoffoodtastesterrible■这种食物吃起来很糟糕。Thepicturelooksmorebeautifulatacertaindistanee.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。（2）表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等。如：Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer春天至U了，天气变得越来越暖和。Don'thavethefood.Ithasgonebad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。Thefactsprovetrue■事实证明是正确的。Subject（主语）+Verb（谓语）+Object（宾语）这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：Youcanputthebooksinyourbag.你可以把书放在书包里。Farmersinourareagrowlotsofvegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。Shelostthechaneetomakeherappearaneeonthestage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。Iprefertomakewebpages.我更喜欢做网页。Subject（主语）+Verb（谓语）+Indirectobject（间接宾语）+Directobject（直接宾语）这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指''人〃，直接宾语常常指''物〃。如：Yesterdayherfatherboughtherabicycleasabirthdaypresent.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。TheoldmanistellingthechildrenstoriesintheLongMarch.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1）动词+宾语+forsb.；2）动词+宾语+tosb.。如：Pleaseshowmeyourpicture.—Pleaseshowyourpicturetome.请把你的画给我看一下。I'llofferyouagoodchaneeaslongasyoudon罪tloseheart.—I'llofferagoodchaneeforyouaslongasyoudon'tloseheart.只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。Subject（主语）+Verb（动词）+Object（宾语）+Complement（补语）这种句型中的宾语+补语可统称为''复合宾语〃。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：Keepthechildrenquiet,please.请让孩子们安静下来。Hepaintedthewallwhite.他把墙漆成白色。Wefoundhimanhonestperson.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。Hismothertoldhimnottoplayonthestreet.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,observe,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.老板让他整天做那项工作。2）英语句子种类两种分类法按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold.Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys.Don'ttalkinclass4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!Whatacleverboyheis!按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2）并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。英语从句包括名词性从句（主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句）,定语从句和状语从句等。TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.练习判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatseven.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?英语句子成分分析讲解英语句子成分讲解一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数词）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）附带复习一下it作形式主语的一些用法：当主语部分太长时为了句子平衡采用it作形式主语。所谓形式是指句子的真正主语将在句子末段出现l.itis+名词+从句:Itisasurprisethatyougivesuchananswertothisquestion.itis+形容词+从句：Itiscertainthatfreemedicalcarewillbegiventomostpeopleinourcity.It+动词+从句:Itappearedthathehadatasteformusic.Itbe+分词+从句:ItissaidthatLiTaohasbeentoEurope.二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Seventy-four!Youdon'tloo代词）（Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.（介词短语）Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Towearafloweristosay“I'mpoor,Ican'tbuyaring.”（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来），look（看起来），fee1（摸起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝、吃起来），remain（保持，仍是），feel（感觉）Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.三、宾语：1）动作的承受者——动宾IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语——间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn'tcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.（副词）Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介词短语）Don'tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don'tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I'llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）五、主补：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.（畐U词）Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.（介词）TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）七、状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以