2018届奉贤高三英语二模试卷

高三英语调研试卷第高三英语调研试卷第页共10页even31ofwritingnewsstories—suchastheveryoneyou'rereading.BBCNews32reportedthatthePressAssociation(PA),aUKnewsservice,hascreatedacomputerprogramthat'scompetenttocreatearticlesthatarealmostimpossibletotellapartfromthosewrittenbyhumanjournalists.Called“robo-journalism"byBBCNews,suchsoftware“teaches"itselfby33thousandsofnewsstorieswrittenbyhumans.ThePA'ssoftwareisalreadysoadvancedthatmaiyUKnewspapersandwebsitespublisharticlescreatedbyit.AccordingtotheReutersInstituteofJournalism,manypublishersareusingrobo-journalismto34interestinginformationquickly,fromelectionresultstoofficial35onsocialissues.Forexample,USnewsorganizationTheWashingtonPosthasitsownrobo-journalismsoftware,Heliograf.AccordingtotechwebsiteDigiday,Heliograf“wrote"over850articlesin2017,aswellashundredsofsocialmedia36.Sowhatdoesthismeanforregularjournalists?“We'renaturallycautiousaboutanytechnologythatcouldreplacehumanbeings."FredrickKunkle,aWashingtonPostreporter,toldWired.“Butthistechnologyseemstohavetakenoveronlysomeoftheworkthatnobodyelsewantstodo."Indeed,itappearsthatrobo-journalismsoftwareis37tohelphumans,ratherthantakeawaytheirjobs.“Inthefuture,Heliografcoulddothingslikesearchingthewebtoseewhatpeoplearetalkingabout,checkingTheWashingtonPosttoseeifthatstoryisbeing38,and,ifnot,alertingeditorsorjustwritingthepieceitself,WiredreporterJoeKeohawrote.However,JoshuaBentonatHarvardUniversity'sNiemanJournalismLabbelievesthatwhilerobo-journalismis39goingtobecomemorepresentinnewsrooms,nothingcanreplacetraditionalhumancreativity.“Goodjournalismisnotjustamatterofinputsandoutputs,itisacraftthathasdevelopedoverdecades,"hetoldBBCNews.“Thereallydifficultpartofwhatprofessionaljournalistsdo—carefully40informationandpresentingbalanced,contextualized(全景式的)stories—willbeveryhardformachinestomaster."ReadingComprehensionSectionADirection:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Whydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers?Youknowthestandard41:keepingamoderatediet,engaginginregularexercise,etc.Butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity?Dosomekindsofpersonalities42longerlives?AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionby43thepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing,more44andlessneurotic(神经质的)thanotherpeople.Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwitha(n)45lifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory:Thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenough46tomakeitthroughtoughtimes.Interestingly,47,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined.48,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.Also,being49tonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife,whichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyour50asanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife,youshould51tobeasoutgoingaspossible.Unfortunately,anotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmother'spersonalitymayalsohelp52yourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkids53diets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe'readults,whichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.Personalityisn'tdestir（命运），andeveryoneknowsthatindividualscanlearntochange.Butbothstudiesshowthatlonglifeisn'tjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmentalhealth.Therefore,itmightbe54toformthosepersonalitytraitscontributingtolongevitythroughhealth-relatedbehaviours,stressreductionand55tothechallengingproblems.41.A.statementsB.definitionsC.applicationsD.explanations42.A.resultfromB.leadtoC.relyonD.consistof43.A.assessingB.interviewingC.examiningD.diagnosing44.A.activeB.extensiveC.persuasiveD.sensitive45.A.agreeableB.normalC.changeableD.formal46.A.resourcesB.associationsC.proceduresD.interactions47.A.thereforeB.howeverC.furthermoreD.otherwise48.A.inotherwordsB.asusualC.inadditionD.forinstance49.A.resistantB.openC.blindD.alert50.A.perspectiveB.ambitionC.personalityD.philosophy51.A.rejectB.striveC.claimD.oppose52.A.extendB.restrictC.shortenD.determine53.A.unhealthyB.nutritiousC.adequateD.moderate54.A.predictableB.advisableC.sustainableD.enjoyable55.A.temptationB.introductionC.adaptationD.objectionSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AOneFridaymorning,beforeMichaelwasleavingforworkhetoldhiswifethathehadfinallydeterminedtoaskhisbossforasalaryraise.AlldayMichaelfeltnervousandanxiousashethoughtabouttheupcomingshowdown.WhatifMr.Duncanrefusedtogranthisrequest?Michaelhadworkedsohardinthelast18monthsandbroughtsomegreatbenefitstoBraerandHopkinsAdvertisingAgency.Ofcourse,hedeservedawageincrease.ThethoughtofwalkingintoMrDuncan'sofficeleftMichaelweakintheknees.Lateintheafternoonhewasfinallycourageousenoughtoapproachhissuperior.Tohisdelightandsurprise,theever—fruga（一惯节省的）RowlandDuncanagreedtogiveMichaelaraise!Michaelarrivedhomethatevening—despitebreakingallcityandstatelimits—toabeautifultablesetwiththeirbestchina,andcandleslit.Hiswife,Cassie,hadpreparedadelicatemealincludinghisfavouritedishes.Immediatelyhethoughtsomeonefromtheofficehadtippedheroff!NexttohisplateMichaelfoundabeautifulletterednote.Itwasfromhiswife.Itread:“Congratulations,mylove!Iknewyou'dgettheraise!IpreparedthisdinnertoshowjusthowmuchIloveyou.Iamsoproudofyouraccomplishments!”HereaditandstoppedtothinkabouthowsensitiveandcaringCassiewas.Afterdinner,MichaelwasonhiswaytothekitchentogetdessertwhenheobservedthatasecondcardhadslippedoutofCassie'spocketontothefloor.Hebentforwardtopickitup.Itread:“Don'tworryaboutnotgettingtheraise!Youdodeserveone!YouareawonderfulproviderandIpreparedthisdinnertoshowyoujusthowmuchIloveyoueventhoughyoudidnotgettheincrease.”SuddenlytearsswelledinMichael'seyes.Totalacceptance!Cassie'ssupportforhimwasnotconditionaluponhissuccessatwork.Thefearofrejectionisoftensoftenedandwecanundergoalmostanysetbackorrejectionwhenweknowsomeonelovesusregardlessofoursuccessorfailure.56.WhatwasMichael'splanthatFriday?TofindajobwiththeBraerandHopkinsAdvertisingAgency.Toaskforawageincreasefromhisboss.Tocelebratehissuccess.Toaskhisbosstocomefordinner.Onhiswaybackhome,Michael.feltweakinthekneeswaspunishedbythetrafficpolicemanwastooanxioustosharethenewswithhiswifecouldn'twaittoenjoyamealWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthestoryisFALSE?Michaelwasafraidthathisrequestwouldleadtoadisaster.Michaelhadworkedveryhardanddonehispartforthecompany.Michael'sbossagreedtohisrequest.OneofMichael'scolleagueshadtoldhiswifethegoodnews.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMichael'swife,Cassie?Passionate,thoughtfulandtalented.Considerate,generousandreliable.Decisive,optimisticandenergetic.Caring,tolerantandsupportive.BEightDaysfromjust£399DepartsMay—October2018Includes:•Returnflightsfrom8UKairportstoNaples•Returnairporttohoteltransport•Sevennights'accommodationatthe3^HotelNice•Theservicesofguides•GovernmenttaxesJoinusforawonderfulholidayinoneofEurope'smostwonderfulcorners.Longafavouritewithholidaymakers—indeedtheancientRomanscalledthearea“happyland”—thissimplyattractivecoastlineofcolourfultowns,splendidviewsandthewarmMediterraneanSeaisaperfectchoiceforatrulymemorableholiday!ChoosebetweenthepeacefultraditionalvillageofSant'Agata,setonahillsidesixmilesfromSorrento,orthe

morelivelyandwell—knowninternationalresorttownofSorrento,withwonderfulviewsovertheBayofNaples.Breathtakingsceneryandfamoussightseverywhere.FromthelegendaryIslandofCapritothehauntingruinsofPompeii,andfromtheunforgettable“AmalfiDrive”tothedelightfulresortsofPositano,SorrentoandRavello,theareaisafeastfortheeyes!Shouldyouchoosetojoinus,weknowthatyouwillnotbedisappointed!Withachoiceofhotels,andoptionalexcursionsincludingCapri,Pompeiiandthe“AmalfiDrive”,thisisatrulyunmissableholiday.Pricebasedontwotouristssharingatwin/doubleroomattheHotelNice.Liketoknowmore?ThentelephoneNewmarketAirHolidaysLtdon:0845-226-7766(Allcallschargedatlocalrates).Allthefollowingareincludedinthepriceof£399EXCEPT.transportbetweentheairportandthehoteltelephonecallsmadebytouriststheservicesofguidestotouristsdoubleroomsforeverytwotouristsWhatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthepassage?ToinvitepeopletotakeabreathintheBayofNaples.ToadvisepeopletotelephoneNewmarketAirHolidaysLtd.TopersuadepeopletotourintheareaoftheMediterraneanSea.ToattractpeopletogotoSant'AgataorSorrentoforsightseeing.Theunderlinedpart%heareaisafeastfortheeyes”'inthepassagemeans.theareaispleasingtotheeyeB.theareaisreallyunforgettableC.theareacatchesthetourists'eyeD.theareaiscrowdedwithtouristsC“Mondaymorningfeeling”couldbeacrushingpaininthechestwhichleavesyousweatingandgaspingforbreath.RecentresearchfromGermanyandItalyshowsthatheartattacksaremorecommononMondaymorningsanddoctorsblamethestressofreturningtoworkaftertheweekendbreak.Theriskofhavingaheartattackonanygivendayshouldbeoneinseven,butasix-yearstudyhelpedbyresearchersattheFreeUniversityofBerlinofmorethan2,600Germansrevealedthattheaveragepersonhada20percenthigherchanceofhavingaheartattackonaMondaythanonanyotherday.WorkingGermansareparticularlynotprotectedagainstattack,witha33percenthigherriskatthebeginningoftheworkingweek.Non-workers,bycomparison,appeartobenomoreatriskonaMondaythananyotherday.Astudyof11,000Italiansproved8amonaMondaymorningasthemoststressfultimefortheheart,andbothstudiesshowedthatSundayistheleaststressfulday,withfewerheartattacksinbothcountries.Thefindingscouldleadtoabetterunderstandingofwhatistheimmediatecauseofheartattacks,accordingtoDr.StefanWillichoftheFreeUniversity.“Weknowalotaboutlong-termriskfactorssuchassmokingandcholesterol（胆固醇）butwedon'tknowwhatactuallycausesheartattacks,sowecan'tmakespecificrecommendationsabouthowtopreventthem,”hesaid.Mondaymorningshaveadoublehelpingofstressfortheworkingbodyasitmakesarapidchangefromsleeptoactivity,andfromtherelaxingweekendtothepressuresofwork.“Whenpeoplegetup,theirbloodpressureandheartrategoupandtherearehormonal^荷尔蒙的）changesintheirbodies,"Willichexplained.“Allthesethingscanhaveanunfavorableeffectinthebloodsystemandincreasetheriskofaclot（血凝块）inthearteries（动脉）whichwillcauseaheartattack."“Whenpeoplereturntoworkafteraweekendoff,thepaceoftheirlifechanges.Theyhaveahigherworkload,morestress,moreangerandmorephysicalactivity,”saidWillich.“Weneedtoknowhowtheseeventscausechangesinthebodybeforewecanunderstandiftheycauseheartattacks."Butalthoughitistemptingtobelievethatreturningtoworkincreasestheriskofaheartattack,bothWillichandtheItalianresearchersadmitthatitisonlyapartialanswer.Bothstudiesshowedthattheover65sarealsovulnerableonMondaymorningeventhoughmostnolongerwork.Thereasonforthisisnotclear,buttheItalianteamspeculatedthatthesocialinteractions一thethoughtoffacinganotherweekandallitspressures—mayplayapart.Whatisclear,however,isthattheMondaymorningpeakseemstobeconsistentfromthenorthernGermanytosouthernItalyinspiteofthedifferencesindietandlifestyle.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?20%oftheItaliansappeartohavehigherpossibilityofhavingheartattacks.33%oftheGermanshaveheartdiseases,soheartattacksaremorecommoninGermanythaninanyothercountry.TheriskofhavingheartattacksonMondaymorningsisthesameasonanyotherdayoftheweektonon-workers.Non-smokersaremorelikelytohaveheartattacksonSundays.Theover65saremorelikelytosufferfromheartattacksonMondaymorningspossiblybecausetheyareafraidofreturningtoworktheyarereluctanttofacethepressuresofanotherweekmostofthemarenotingoodhealththeyaremuchbusieronMondaysthanonanyotherdaysoftheweekInthefollowingresearch,Dr.Willichwillprobablytrytofindout.ifsmokingandcholesterolwillcauseheartattackifincreaseinbloodpressure,heartrateandhormonalchangeswillcauseheartattacksonwhichdaypeopleareleastlikelytohaveaheartattackifeventslikehigherworkload,morestressandsoonwillcauseheartattacksWhatisthebesttitleforthepassage?CausesofHeartAttacksonMondays.Warning:MondaysAreBadforYourHeart.TheOverweightandSmokersRiskHeartAttacksonMondays.ReduceYourChanceofHavingHeartAttacksonMondays.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.ForOpenClassrooms,thecompanywillcertainlymakeprofitsasatechnologyprovider.Anditcanexplainwhymoreandmorepeopletendtoapplyforonlinecourses.It'stheexactsamedegreethatyouwouldgetatIESA,exceptthatyouwon'tseeanyteachers.That'swhyeveryweek,youwillgettovideochatwithateacher.ForOpenClassrooms,thecompanywillsurelyenjoyareputationforitstechnology.OpenClassroomsletsyouworkandstudyatthesametime,andpayalotless.Youwon'thaveanyexcusetoskipclassanymore.FrenchstartupOpenClassroomsisofferingthefirstState-recognizedbachelordegreeinFrancethatusesonlyMOOCs(massiveopenonlinecourses).ThestartuppartneredwithIESAMultimediatocreatethisprogram.Therearethreelearningpathsinengineering,designandmarketing.Studentswillhavetocompleteallthecoursesandrequiredprojectsinordertogettheirdegree.67IESAisalreadyworkingon40differentMOOCsforthisprogram.Onaverage,itwilltakeayearofhardworkinordertocompletealltheclasses.Asalways,it'shardtokeepgoingwhenyousignupforaMOOC.68Thiskindofdegreehasmanykeyadvantages.ForIESA,itgivestheschoolmorestudents.IESAisaprivateschool,anditsendgoalistomakeasmuchmoneyaspossible.SowiththesenewMOOCstudents,IESAwillbeabletogetmoremoneyperteacheronaverage.69Thestartupalreadyoffersacoursefor€20permonth,butyouneedtopay€300permonthforthePremiumPlusofferingtousethestate-recognizedprogram.It'sunclearhowmuchOpenClassroomswillkeep,butitshouldbemorethan€20permonth.Forstudents,it'sacheaperwaytogetadegree.Maybeyoucan'taffordtostudyforthreeyearsatIESAandpay€6,950peryear.70Sure,it'sprobablyalessenjoyableexperiencethangoingtoyourschoolandspendingtimewithotherstudentsandteachers,butitmakessenseforsomestudents.It'saninterestingnewdirectionforOpenClassrooms,andIcan'twaittoseewhetherotherschoolswillstartworkingwiththestartuptoprovideonlinecourses.Itwillbeinterestingtoseewhetherthefirststudentsaresatisfiedwiththiskindofdegreeaswell.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Thesharingeconomyhasgrowninrecentyearstoincludeeverythingfromapartmentsharingtocarsharingtocommunitytoolsharing.Since2009,anewformofthesharingeconomyhasbeenemerginginneighbourhoodsthroughouttheUSandaroundtheworld一LittleFreeLibraries.Thelibrariesareboxesputinneighbourhoodsfromwhichlocalpeoplecantakeoutandputinbook