定语从句(一)关系代词的用法

定语从句（一）

--------关系代词的用法一．定语从句的观点在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫

定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫

先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后边。指引定语从句的词叫做

关系词。关系词有三个作用：

1、指引定语从句

;2、取代先行词；

3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二、定语从句的关系词指引定语从句的关系词相关系代词和关系副词，常有的关系代词包含that，

which，

who，

whom

和

whose，关系副词包含

where，

when，

why

等。三、关系代词的用法关系代词指代人仍是物在从句中的成分先行词

在从句中的作用或成分

关系词That人和物主语和宾语Which物主语和宾语Who人主语和宾语Whom人宾语Whose人和物定语部分特别先行词的关系词选择When=时间时间状语in/on/during/at+which主语/宾语That/which地址地址状语Where=in/on/at+which场合主语/宾语That/whichWhy=forwhichReason原由状语(非限制性定语从句只好用forwhich)主语/宾语That/whichWay方式状语That/inwhich/省略主语/宾语That/whichPoint,situation,地址状语Where=inwhichcondition,stage,case主语/宾语That/whichonthedeskisblue.（that作宾语）

Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢柔和的音乐。that作主语）Thecoat（that）IputThebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.（作主语）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.（作宾语）3.who指人在从句中做主语或宾语，作主语不行省略，作宾语可省略。比如：TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.翻译：指人，在定语从句中充任宾语，常用who取代，可省略。比如：Mr.LingisjustthemanwhomIwanttosee.翻译：.whose往常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.DoyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellowDoyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow关系词只好用that的状况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高等所修饰，或自己是序数词、基数词、形容词最高等时;比如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个经过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代词时；比如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop你在商铺里有什么要买的东西吗c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等词修饰时；比如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。先行词里同时含有人和物时；比如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which指引的特别疑问句，为防止重复，只好用that.比如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying正在呜咽的那个女孩是谁1.Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithourteacher先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。2.ThisisthedoctorwhomIsawyesterday.先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。3.Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisblue先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。4.I’velostthepenwhichIlikebest.先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。5.Thepersonthattelephonedmeisareporter先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。做题思路：1、第一要分清主句与从句；2、而后找出先行词3、剖析从句中缺乏什么成分；4、再看先行词指人，仍是指物；5、在此基础上，选定合适的关系代词。1.Theman____isstandingthereismyfather.2.Thegirl______coatisrediswaitingatthegateA.who’sB.whoseC.thatofwhich.3.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when4.Whowastheman_____spoketoyoujustnow？A.whoB.whomC.that5.Itisthebestfilm____shehaseverseen.A.thatB.whichC.when6.Chinaisacountry_____hasalonghistory.A.whoB.whichC.where7.Theboy___Italkedwithjustnowismybestfriend.A.whoB.whichC.where8.WeknowJackieChan___moviesareverypopularwiththeyoung.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.whichThepen______heiswritingismine.填上合适的关系代词并指出在句子中作什么成分。1.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.2.Thisisthebookyouwant.3.Ioncelivedinahousewindowwasbroken.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.6.Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow7.I’mwaitingforthewomanwithyoutalkedjustnow.8.Thetowninhelivesisfarfromhere.9Thisisthebiggestbuilding________wehaveeverbuiltinourschool.Thisisthesecondschool________Iusedtoworkat,andmanystudentstherestillhavecontactwithme.定语从句（二）---关系副词的用法一．概括定语从句中的关系副词是where，when和why，when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语eg.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.where指地址，在定语从句中作地址状语eg.ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.why指原由，在定语从句中作原由状语eg.Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarelate.此中why的用法比较固定，往常先行词一定是thereason，when和where的用法要求有两点，第一，先行词分别表示时间和地址，第二，必定要在从句中作状语，不然即便先行词是指时间地址的也不可以用when和where。二．关系副词=介词+关系代词关系副词指引的从句能够由“介词+关系代词”指引的从句替代why=forwhichwhere=in/atwhichwhen=in/on/duringwhich：1.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.翻译：2.Idon’tknowtheyearwhen/inwhichhewenttoschool.翻译：3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich./whereIwasborn.翻译：三.判断关系代词与关系副词的鉴别：方法一：用关系代词，仍是关系副词完整取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后边无宾语，就一定要求用关系副词或许是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：ThisisthevillagewhereIstayedlastyear.I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.方法二：正确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld？Isthisthemuseum____youvisited1.Thatisthetown______hewasborn.2.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsagoD.theoneIsthistheriver_____IcanswimIloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.5.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry？Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;whenThisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.8.ThehouseIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.9.ThehouseIlivedintenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.10.Idon’tknowthereasonhelooksunhappytoday.考点一：关系代词who,whom,whose的选择：Thisistheman_____oftenhelpsyou.Heisthestudent_______compositionwonthefirstprize.Don’tgetclosetothehouse_____roofisunderrepair.Thepersonwith_______Ishookhandsismyteacher.考点二：关系代词和关系副词的选择：1.①Thisisthemarket_____youcanbuymanythings.②Thisisthemarket_____sellsallkindsofthings.(1)There’sonepoint_____wemustinsiston.(2)Shereachedapoint____shewassupposedtomakedecisionsofherown.(1)Ididn’tbelievethereason_____heexplainedtome.(2)Ididn’tbelievethereason____hewentthere.It’sajob____youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.It’sajob_______IdislikeTherewasatime____Ihatedtogotoschool.非限制性定语从句Revision定语从句(attributiveclauses)往常由关系代词或关系副词引出。常有的关系代词有:__________(指物),____________(既可指人又可指物),_______指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语),_________(指人，在定语从句中作宾语),_______(指人或物，作定语)等。关系副词有:________(指时间),_________(指地址),_________(指原由)等。用合适的关系代词或副词填空1.Isatnexttoagirl__________namewasDina.2.Students_______donotmakegooduseoftheirtimemayfailtheirexams.3.Davidwasoneofthemosthelpfulstudents_________weeverhad.4.Wetalkaboutpoemsandpoets_______welike.5.Doyouremembertheday______weleftyouincharge6.Doyouremembertheday________wespenttogether7.Idon'tknowthereason________thehouseissodirty.8.Idon'tbelievethereason________hegaveus.9.Welearninaclassroom________windowsarebroken.10.Yueyangistheplace__________Iwasborn.非限制性定语从句定义定语从句分为限制性定语从句(restrictive)和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)两种。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,与先行词之间一般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与主句之间往常用逗号分开。Non-restrictiveattributiveclauses:I’mtakingweight-losspillscalledFat-Less,whicharequitepopularamongyoungwomenhere.It’sthesameinChina—manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweightatall,arealwaysgoingondietortakingweight-losspills,whichareoftendangerous.Example1Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.Shanghai,whichisinEastChina,isdevelopingrapidly.Conclusion1当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭独一成员时，往常只用______定语从句修饰。Thisisthehouse(which/that)weboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房屋。2.Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这房屋很美丽,是我们上个月买的。__________从句与先行词关系亲密,是先行词不行缺乏的部分,假如去掉它，主句意思常常不明确。2.非限制性定语从句是对先行词的增补或说明,去掉它也_________影响主句的意思。注意：非限制性定语从句,不行that指引非限制性定语从句考点概括：as和which指引非限制性定语从句,取代整个主句。Example:1.Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.尽人皆知，中国是一个历史悠长的国家。2.Sheisateacher,asisclearfromhermanner.她是个教师,这一点从她的举止能够清楚地看出。3.Hemissedtheshow,whichwasreallyagreatpity.他错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。as和which在指引非限制性定语从句时,as和which可取代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。as和which指引非限制性定语从句的不一样之处在于：as指引的定语从句可置于__________,而which指引的定语从句不行放在句首。as指引非限制性从句,常带有“正如”的意思。Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_____cameasasurprise.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.__isexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.__wecansee,thesmokecamefromthelittledustbin.airqualityinthecity,_____isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.A.that

B.it

C.as

D.whatII.all/some/of+whom/which指引非限制性定语从句Example:Hehastoldusmanystories,allofwhichareaboutthefamousLongMatch.2.ThestudentsofClass1,someofwhomcamefromJapan,wentcampingyesterday.Conclusion

在非限制性定语从句中

,一些表达数目或定位的数词或代词如

all/some/one/both/neither/none/any/

either/any

等可与

of

组成介词词组修饰限制先行词

,此时先行词在后来的定语从句中作介词的宾语

,关系代词不行用

that。如先行词指人则用

______

，如先行词指物则用_____指引从句。Thefamousbasketballstar,___comesfromAmerica,willvisitourschoolsoon.Inthosedays,sheusedtogotoMrblack,with_____shehadawonderfultime.Iboughtacaryesterday,_____costmealot.Xi’an,______Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.5.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_____hewon’tbesobusy.Theschool,_____Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_____wastrue.__weallknow,heisgoodatEnglish.改错Manystudentsinthisschool,someofwhicharenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.Thereare54studentsinmyclassandtenofwhomcomefromUS.Ihavemanyfriendsinthistown,someofwhicharebusinessman.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofthemarequitehelpfultomyhealth.选择growingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_____arebeyondourcontrol.ofthemB.mostofwhich2.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,______weremadeofsmalldiamonds.A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhichTheScienceMuseum,____wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon'stouristattractions.D.wherewasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,____,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.ourclassthereare46students,_____halfwearglasses.D.ofthemliveinanage______moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.D.onwhich7.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without____helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.madeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.thinkwhichis9.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_____personallyIdoubtverymuch.thedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.weatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.翻译我的父亲母亲亲对我要求苛刻，这使得我对此很讨厌我每日都读英语，这让我提升了成绩。一些学生不尊敬老师，这是一种不好的行为。我们班里有60名同学，有6位来自长沙。一些学生不吃早饭，这不利于身体健康。我在岳阳县一中学习，那边的老师和蔼而负责，学生们也很努力。2013年各省市英语高考定语从句Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks_________animalsandplantscanbeprotected.booktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_______liveswereaffected.3.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.presidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassion