修改定语从句课件

GrammarTheAttributiveClauseWhoisElena?ThewomanisElena.WhoisFengjie?TheuglywomanisFengjie.WhichoneisXilige?ThehandsomemanisXilige.定语（带“的”）修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语通常用形容词或abeautifulfloweratall

boyWhoisAmy?WhoisMandy?AmyMandyThewomanwhoiswearingapairofglassesisAmy.

ThewomanwhoissmokingisMandy.5、何谓非限制性定语从句：定语从句与先行词关系不密切，一般都用逗号隔开。6、翻译方法：限制性定语从句翻译在先行词前，非限制性定语从句翻译成一个独立的句子。如：1)ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（限制性定语从句）译成汉语：我昨天买的那本书很有趣。2）Mybrother,whoisasoldier,istalkingwithmyteacher.(非限制性定语从句）译成汉语：我哥哥正在和我的老师谈话，他是当兵的。Ilikesomefriends.

Somefriendslikesports.Ilikefrinedswho/thatlikesports.修饰先行词friends

theusageoftherelativepronoun

关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语状语whowhomwhichthatwhose表语定语as使用定语从句要注意事项1、限制性定语从句中，关系代词做宾语时可以省略；2、做题中首先要分清主句与从句；3、分析从句中缺少什么成分；4、再看先行词是人，还是物；5、在此基础上，再下结论；6、还要注意关系代词做主语时动词变形跟先行词统一。e.g.1.Thisisthefan.Iborroweditfrommyclassmate.Thisisthefan___Iborrowedfrommyclassmate.做题思路：1）分清主从句2）分析从句中少什么成分—少宾语限制性定语从句中做宾语可以省略3）分析先行词是人还是物---是物4）结论是that或which也可以省略Thisisthefan_________Iborrowedfrommyclassmate.(that/which)因此？e.g.2.Themanisaprofessor.Heisgivingusatalk.Theman____isgivingusatalkisaprofessor.?做题思路：1）分清主从句2）分析从句中少什么成分—少主语做主语不可以省略3）分析先行词是人还是物---是人4）结论是that/who不可以省略因此Theman____isgivingusatalkisaprofessor.that/whoe.g.Mr.Smithisthescientist.Hisdiscoveryisveryimportanttous.做题思路：1）分清主从句

?3）现在先行词是人还是物没有关系因为少定语是人或是物都一样2）分析从句中少什么成分—少定语做定语不可以省略4）结论是

whose不可以省略Mr.Smithisthescientist_____discoveryisveryimportanttous.1、(你正在找)的那个人在三楼办公室。2、妈妈当老师的那个女孩是我的好朋友。3、我爸爸工作的那家工厂生产播种机。1.Themanwhoyouarelookingforisintheofficeonthethirdfloor.2.Thegirlwhosemotherisateacherismygoodfriend.3.Thefactorywheremyfatherworksproducessowingmachines.①who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Theman

(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Aperson

whostealsthingsiscalledathief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。

Theman

(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.who,whomHeistheman

(that)

Itoldyouabout.④that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Aplaneisamachine

thatcanfly.that⑤whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。Weliveinahouse

whosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirl

whoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whose②当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：Thisisall

thatIwantfromtheschool.③当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：Thefirstlesson

thatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。(2)用who不用that的情况①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：All

whoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Those

whowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.He

whodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.④whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：Thenovel

whosetitle

(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)

isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.③whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。⑤whose的先行词指人时，可用ofwhom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名词。如：Theboy

whosemother

(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)

isadoctorismyfriend.(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Those

who

areagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudents

who

werepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudents

who

waspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致Thescientistwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamous

whomintheworld.thatØ(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedress

whichsheiswearingisnew.

thatØ

(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.

Wemetheryesterday.巩固练习：1.用定语从句合并句子巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.Heisthekindperson

whoIhaveeverworkedwith.

whomthatØThisisthebestfilm

thatIhaveeverseen.

Ø1.Thegirl__________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_________________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeakEnglish

verywell.4.Ican’tfindthebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Ican’tfindthebook________________youlenttome.who/that(who/whom/that)whosewhich/that(that/which)巩固练习：2.用适当的关系词填空巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空四.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句1.介词的选用原则：根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8dollars.四.“介词+which/whom”引导的从句，1.介词选用原则(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。Iremembertheday

onwhichIjoinedtheParty.Irememberthedays

duringwhichIlivedthere.2.当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。Theman

with

whomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.Ican’tfindthepen

withwhichIwaswriting.2.介词位于关系代词前，关系代词的使用3.当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用which/that(指物),who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。(whom/who/that)(which/that)Dadisaperson________________Icaneasilytalkto.Isthistheplay___________youweretalkingaboutjustnow?3.介词位于句末，关系代词的使用4.在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：Thisisthewatch(that/which)Iamlookingfor.Thebabies(who/whom/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.4.含介词的固定搭配动词短语的使用5.先行词是theway，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/inwhich或省略。

Ididn'tliketheway_______________shetalkedtome.

Theway_________________heteachesEnglishisinteresting.（that/inwhich）（that/inwhich）5.先行词为theway，关系词的使用五.关系副词when,where和why的用法五.关系副词的基本用法关系副词指代的先行词充当从句的成分when表时间的名词/名词词组时间状语where表地点的名词/名词词组地点状语why表原因的名词原因状语用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Istillremembertheday

when(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.Myfatherwasbornintheyear

when(=inwhich)WorldWarⅡbrokeout.1.when1.when用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Thisisthefarm

where(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.Theschool

where(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.2.where2.where用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Thereareseveralreasons

why(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.Tomcouldn’tgivetheteacherthereason

why(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.3.why3.why4.关系副词的用法注意点(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that或省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime

(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.(2)当point,situation,case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：Canyouthinkofasituation

wherethisphrasecanbeused?4.关系副词的用法注意点巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空1)October1,1949wastheday______(________)Chinawasfounded.2)Beijingistheplace______(__________)Icame.

3)Isthisthereason____(________)hedidn’twanttoseeme?

whenonwhichwherefromwhichwhyforwhich巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空

4)Isthistheroom______(________)wewerelivinglastwinter?5)Thedaysaregone_____(____________)weused“foreignoil”.6)

Yesterday,wehadameeting______(________)wediscussedmanyproblems.

whereinwhichwhenduringwhichatwhichwhere对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1.Theroom___________________heoncelivedisstillthere.

Theroom___________________Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.where/inwhich(that/which)对比练习：用适当的关系词填空2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______________

Imetyou.Iwillneverforgettheday______________wespenttogether.when/onwhich(that/which)Thereason_____________Idon’tknowisknowntohim.(that/which)why/forwhich3.Thereason________________Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.

┏atwhichheworks.┣whichheworksat.

Thatisthecollege┣whereheworks.┣thatheworksat.┗heworksat.

┏onwhichhewasborn┣whichhewasbornon

Theday┣whenhewasbornwas2ndMar.┣thathewasbornon┗hewasbornon六.非限制性定语从句1.非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。Mywatch,whichisveryold,stoppedagain.六.1.非限制性定语从句的定义类别意义功能形式关系代词限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。修饰先行词修饰先行词/整个句子无逗号隔开有逗号与主句隔开1.有that无that限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别2.作宾语时可以省略不可以省略ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.Thisisagoodbook,whichiseasytounderstand.2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别当关系代词指代整个主句内容时。

Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.只用非限制性定语从句的情况：当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物时。Themoon,whichis384,400kilometersawayfromtheearth,goesaroundtheearth.只用非限制性定语从句的情况：先行词是人名、地名、国名、建筑物等专有名词时。YesterdayheleftAmerica,wherehehadstayedfortwoyears.关系代词as,which引导非限制定语从句时的区别(1)as和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如：3.as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.Asisknowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearth.(2)as多用于下列习惯用语中asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样asiswellknown=asisknowntoall众所周知aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述asismentionedabove正如上面提到的4.“介词+关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构：(1)名词+介词+关系代词：Theyliveinahouse,thedoorofwhichfacessouth.4.“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构(2)代词+介词+关系代词：Therearefourstudentsintheclassroom,allofwhomareworkinghard.(3)数词+介词+关系代词：LastSundayIboughtabookfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.(4)形容词比较级/最高级+介词+关系代词：Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.Thankyou“介词＋关系代词”用法1.介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands2.介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），例如：Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.3.ThetrainonwhichIwenttoBeijingisanexpress.Ihaveasonwhoisadoctor.Ihaveason,whoisadocotor.只用that引导当先行词既包括人又包括物时：Hetalkedaboutthemenandthebooksthatattractedhim.2.指物的先行词被any,every,only,very,all,no等修饰时：Thesearetheverypointsthatinterestme.That'stheonlywatchthatIlikemost.3.指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：Thefirststep(that)wearetotakeisverydifficult.Thisisthesecondcard(that)hegaveme.4.先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing等时：Thereisstillmuch

thatcanbedoneaboutit.Haveyougoteverything(that)youneed?5.先行词是who时：Who

thathaveseenhimdoesnotlikehim?不用that的场合如下：1.非限制性定语从句中Lastnight,Isawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.2.介词放在关系代词之前时ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearntthenews3.句中出现了that，或先行词是that时IhavefoundthatwhichIwaslookingfor.Anyonewhobreaksthelawispunished.Thosewhobreakthelawarepunished.Hewhobreaksth