英语考研写作技巧汇报

24/24写作A节（约100words~答题纸上10行左右~15分钟左右）五种题型：Letter（近来都考书信~其他了解一下结构和写法就好~现场发挥）NoticeSummaryMemoReportLetter格式：称呼（写给机构用DearSirorMadam，或者ToWhomItMayConcern，写给个人就用DearXXX）正文（一般分三段首段：自我介绍+写作目的第二段：改写提纲+缘故或情况尾段：表示感谢+期待回信）落款（Yourssincerely,LiMing）分类的经典句型：(最后三种个人认为考的可能性比较小~随便看看吧)（1）道歉信a.Pleaseacceptmysincereapologyfor…b.Imustbegyourforgivenessfor…c.Youhaveeveryrighttobeannoyed/irritatedwith…d.Iregretthatmycarelessnesshascausedyousomuchinconvenience.e.Iwouldliketoexpressmyapologiesfornotbeingableto…a.Thefactisthat…b.Mybehavioryesterdaywasinexcusable,andImusttellhow…a.Ihopethissituationcanbeamendedtoeveryone’ssatisfaction.b.Iwill…assoonas…(2)求职信a.I’mwritingtoapplyforthepostof…b.Inanswertoyouradvertisementin…forthepostof…,Iwouldliketoapplyfor…c.I’velearnedfrom…ofyouropening/vacancyfor…,andamthereforewritingtoapplyforthepost.a.OverthelastXyears,I…b.Enclosedistestimonialfrommyuniversityteacher.c.Ifthesemeetyourrequirement,pleasegrantmeaninterview.(3)辞职信a.Withregret,Isubmitthisletterofresignation.b.IneverimaginedthatIwouldhavetoleave…,butdueto…,Ihavetomakethedecisionto…c.Ihavedecidedtofurthermyeducationinpursuitof…d.I’vedecidedtochangethecourseofmycurrentcareergoalsandwillpursueanewdirectionin…a.IwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudeandthanksforallthesupportIhavereceivedoverthelastXyears,andfortheenjoyableexperienceofhavingworkedyourcompany.b.Ihopeyouwillconsidermyrequest,andIapologizeagainforanyinconveniencesImighthavecaused.c.MayItakethisopportunitytowishallofyoutheverybestforthefuture.d.IfImaybeofanyassistanceinthehiringprocessortrainingofmyreplacement,Iwouldgladlymakemyselfavailabletothiseffortduringthenextfourweeks.(4)工作同意信a.ItiswithgreatpleasurethatIacceptyouroffertojoin…as…b.I’mpleasedtotakeyourofferatthesalaryof…annuallyc.Asweagreed,mystartingdatewillbe…d.Thankyouagain,Mr./Ms.X,forofferingmethiswonderfulopportunity,anddoletmeknowifIcandoanythinginadvance,orifthereareanyaspectsyou’dlikemetopreparefor.(5)感谢信a.Iappreciateyourtakingthetimetodo…b.Iappreciatethetimeandeffortyouexpendedon…c.I’dliketoconveymydeepestadmirationtoyoufor…a.Asadirectresultofyour…efforts,Ihavebeenableto…thatwillproveinvaluableto…b.…couldnotexist/happenwithoutthegenerousandheartfeltsupportfromyou.c.I’mmostappreciativeofeverythingyoudidforme.d.Iwouldnothavemanageditwithoutyourhelp.e.Youweretheretomeetmyneedsinsensitiveandconsiderateways.a.IhopeIcanreturnthefavorsomeday.b.DocallmeifIcaneverreturnthefavor.(6)询问信a.Wouldyoupleasespendafewminutesansweringsomequestionsabout…?b.Asweparticularlyinterestedin…,weshouldbegratefulifyouwouldkindly…a.Iappreciateyourtakingthetimetoanswerthesequestions.b.Iwouldappreciatereceivingyouranswerby…(时刻)(7)投诉信a.ItiswithgreatreluctancethatImustinformyouthat…b.Imustcomplainthat…a.I’mdisappointedbecausetheproduct/service…b.Thishasputusintogreatinconvenience.c.Therefore,Iamreturning…andwouldgreatlyappreciateitifyoucouldreplaceit.a.Iwouldbegratefulifthismatterwouldhaveyourimmediateattention.b.Withadmirationforyourexcellentreputation,I’msureyouwilldoeverythingpossibleto…c.Ilookforwardtoyourreplyandaresolutiontomyproblem,andwillwaituntil…beforeseekinghelpfromaconsumerprotectionagency.(8)祝贺信a.I’msopleased/delighted/glad/thrilledtohearthesplendidnewsthat…b.Pleaseacceptmyheartiestcongratulationson…a.Ireallythinkyoudeservethepositionafteryearsofexperienceyouhavehadin…a.Mayyouenjoymanymoresuccesseslikethisone.b.Mayyourfuturebeassuccessfulasyouhavealwaysbeen.(9)慰问信a.ItwaswithgreatdismaythatIlearnedof…b.MayIexpressmysympathyforyouinthelossof…a.Ihardlyliketointrudeuponyouinyourgreatsorrow,butIcannotresisttellingyouhowmuch…that…b.We’relookingforwardtoyourearlyreturnto…(10)申请信a.I’mastudentin…,expectingtograduatewithaBachelor’sdegreethissummer.b.I’mwritinginthehopethatImayobtainanopportunitytofurthermystudyin…a.EnclosedpleasefindacopyofrecordsofallsubjectsIhavecompletedattheuniversity.Attachedyouwillalsofindthreelettersofrecommendationbythreeofmysupervisors.b.Yourfavorableconsiderationofthismatterwillbegreatlyappreciated.(11)推举信a.InreplytoX’srequestforaletterofrecommendation,Ihavegreatpleasuretowritethisletterinhisfavor.b.Inresponsetoyourrequestforinformationabout…,Iwouldbehappyto…a.IfirstbecameacquaintedwithXin…,when…b.Sheisalwayspunctualandwillingtotakeonnewassignments.c.Herabilitytointeractwithcustomersandresolvethecomplaintsinapleasantmannergaveusasignificantadvantage.a.Wearereluctanttolethimgo,butwerecognizethatthispositionwouldbeanexcellentprofessionalopportunityforhim.b.Igavehermyhighestrecommendations,withoutconservation.c.Pleasecallmeifyouhavefurtherquestions.d.I’msureyouwillfindhimhonest,intelligent,hardworkinginthebestsenseofthewords,asIfoundhimhere.Notice1．标题（必须写标题！一般为短语e.g.ContributionsWantedAnnouncement）2．日期（一般需要注明！标题下一行右对齐January15,2011）3．正文（一般写三段~采纳现在进行时or今后时）4．署名（个人or单位后者的署名中实词首字母大写）P.S.经典开头句型：Yourattention,please.Ithasbeendecidedthat……isrequesttonotethat…Undertheauspicesof…,areport/lecture/seminaron…willbegivenby…on…in…Undertheauspicesof…,…willorganize/holda…match/competition/contestbetween…and…Summary1．标题（必须写标题！大小写规则：a.实词首字母大写，虚词小写b.首尾两词首字母均需大写）2．时态（第三人称表达~一般现在时&现在完成时&一般过去时结合使用）3．句型（不分段！先写啥后写啥要有逻辑顺序~尽量用短句~慎用长句）4．重视短段落（中文原文中出现的一至二句短段落，应引起高度重视，可能是总结、过渡、转折，一般需要翻译~一般无需通读全文，只需读明白每段前两句和尾句即可）Memo写作格式：Date：To：（AllFaculty）From：(LiMing)Subject：（FacultyMeeting）写作特点：下面空一行开始写正文；不写称呼、正文结尾、结束语、签名。Report1．写作格式：To:From:Date:Subject:正文（类似memo）2．写作内容：提出问题、解释&分析、结论&建议3．采取信函形式~写作B节（约160-200words~答题纸上20行左右~45分钟左右~可适当多留点时刻构思作文~阅读快点做）通常写成三段：一、图画或图表描述段（3句~其中可适当议论一句~）二、意义阐释段（5句~分析图画的意义or缘故or表现）三、建议措施段（4句~发表自己的议论或看法）下面分不分析：一、IntroductionGeneraldescription总体描述（人物/动物/事物+动作+环境）句型E.g.被动Asisvividlyrevealed/illustrated/reflected/depictedinthecartoon/drawing/picture/photo,…Itisvividlydescribedinthepicturethat…主动Thecartoon/drawing/picture/photovividlyreveals/illustrates/reflects/depicts…Details挖掘细节句型E.g.Inonepicture,…Onthecontrary,…Inthefirstdrawing,…Bycontrast,…Caption文字讲明句型E.g.Thecaptionreads,”…”二、Body1．Topicsentence（一句~文章中心~symbolicmeaning）句型E.g.Thesymbolicmeaning/implicationistoshowusthat…(意义)Thepurposeofthedrawingistoshowusthat…(目的)Thepictureillustrates/conveysthemeaningthat…Thedrawinghassubtlyrevealed/reflectedaproblemthat…(现象)Thefactthat…indicatesthat…2．Argument（三句~论证~缘故or解释or例证）从五大角度考虑：Background(政、经、文、社With…,…)Facts（Thereisnodenyingthefactthat…）Otheropinions(欲扬先抑~)Whatthepictureconveysgoesfarbeyond…Instead,itcarries…meaningsTobeginwith,thepurposeof…istoshowusthat…,yetthesymbolicmeaningssubtlyconveyedshouldbetakenmoreseriouslyReasonsConsequences3．Summary（小结~Brieflyspeaking,…）三、Conclusion总结~提出建议~展望以后好词好句积存~Giveanimpetusto…=playapushingrole=drivingforcesShapingfactorsFewwoulddisputethat…Afaithful/loyalcustomerCallonthepublictodo…Athought-provokingphenomenon/problemStrengthentheregulationsandlawsPromotemoraleducationSpiritualnourishment…makesupagrowingpercentageof…’spopulationHappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.What’smoreworrisomeisthat\...AprevailingtrendCo-existenceandintegrationThethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Though…itselfgiveslittlecauseforcriticism,…shoulddo…inaproperway.CapturetheheartsandmindsCurbthecurrentevilphenomenon=reversethisdisturbing…isthebestpolicy…为上策trendAppealtotheauthoritiesto…;Cultivatetheawarenessofthepeoplethat…Moral=ethical道德的话题·资源问题~Almostincomprehensively,themanis…Hedosenotseemtorealizewhatavaluable…hewilllosewhen…Thispicturemayprovokedeepthoughtsonenvironmentalissues.Ahealthyenvironmenthasbeenessentialtohumankindforsocialandeconomicaldevelopment,buthumansseemtohaveforgottenthisbasicrule.Wrongutilizationoftheearthandnaturalresourceswillevenresultinathreattoourexistence.Wehumanbeingsmustrethinkourrelationswithnatureandcomeupwitheffectivewaystopreservetheenvironment.·全球变暖~Theglaciersinthepolarregionarerapidlymeltingowingtoglobalwarming.Globalwarmingleadstotheriseofsealevels,sothecoastalareaswillbeaffectedseverely.~increasesthepossibilitiesandintensityofextremeweathersuchashurricanesandsnowstorms.Takingintoaccountthedevastatingeffectsofglobalwarming,wecandrawtheconclusionthat…Facingthegrowingmenaceofglobalwarming,weshould…inalargescaletoturnthepresentsituationaround.Excessiveamountofcarbondioxideemissions,creatingadiversifiedeconomyandLaNinaphenomenalagdisorder.·千里之行始于足下~Thebeginningseemstobehardandpainstaking,butitisanindispensiblestep.Nomatterwhatwearegoingtodo,westartwithouraction.Thoughplanninganddreamingisimportant,actionisessentialforoursuccess.Themostaccomplishedpeopleintheworldhavealwaysmadeperseveranteffortsbeforetheysucceed,asMadamCurieandEdisondidasscientists,andBeethovenandBachdidasmusicians.·有关环境的词汇WildlifespeciesTheextinctionofwildlifePopulationexplosionThedestructionofecologicalbalanceDesertificationDeforestationPromote/advocatelow-carbonliving.inhabitableareasextinct=vanishglaciersmeltingcoastalcitiestheimpactofcarbondioxide阅读A！！（用时1小时~每篇15分钟~自己适当调整~这部分最多可延长10分钟）一．解题四步骤（如遇难题能够采纳看一题、读一段、做一题的方式）1．扫描题干，划出关键词2．通读全文（重点：首段、其余各段的段首段尾、转折句考虑：中心是啥？核心概念是啥？作者态度是啥？）3．认真审题，返回原文（两大定位原则：关键词定位&自然段定位）4．重叠选项，得出答案~二．宏观阅读法1．灵活使用三种不同的阅读方法：A.skimming略读~（可跳读的信息有：例子、引用、数据、实验过程、冒号后的补充讲明部分）B.scanning快速扫描~C.Closereading细读~2．首先看清文章有几个自然段？每段之间是并列依旧转折关系？3．把握五种结构：A总分总：把握首末段呼应就等于确定中心B开门见山型：第一段直接亮出中心C花开两朵型：把握两个核心概念的区不和联系D问题答案型：一般来讲问题是中心，阅读的目的是查找答案E抛砖引玉型：第一段是引子，第二段亮出中心三．微观阅读法（标点符号的作用）1.两个逗号之间是补充讲明成分时，能够先不读。2.分号表并列：语义上并列or结构上并列。3.冒号后面进一步补充讲明前面的信息，冒号的前后有一个从抽象到具体的过程。4.两个破折号之间是补充讲明的成分，能够先不读。5.引号：引用or反讽、讽刺6.括号：补充讲明or解释生词四．具体题型1.例证题（抓出论点）标志：题干中出现example/illustrate这些词时返回原位找到该例证所在位置，80%向上20%向下搜索周围区域，查找例证支持的观点（例子周围概括性抽象表达）与四选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案（错误答案设置经常是：就事论事~混淆论点论据）注意：举例的目的是支持论点，例子读不明白没关系2.主旨题（串线、摘帽）标志：Thebesttitle/mainlyabout/mainlydiscuss串线法：抓首段和其余各段首句，把它们的意思连结成一个整体，注意总结性提示词和转折词错误答案设置特征经常是：局部信息（选项内容<文章内容）范围过宽（选项内容>文章内容）主旨最常出现的位置：A段落中特不是首段中出现转折时B作者有意识反复重复的观点C首段出现疑问句时一般确实是中心D提出中心时的文字提示有：转折、总结、最重要的3.态度题（感情色彩+论述主线）一般来讲作者整体态度的答案是客观、乐观、积极向上的选项，而biased、puzzling、indifferent、detached通常不是一般来讲，含有过分强烈的或绝对化的表达通常不选，而持保留态度的比较客观的选项通常是正确答案。要注意看清是作者的态度，而非作者引用不人的态度！4.推断题（选项聚焦）解题的关键是把四个选项聚焦到文中一两个点中~做题时先扫描四个选项，查找选项中相同的词或容易定位的词5.词汇题（搜索代入）原则：A不论该词多超纲，依照上下文都能得出其含义B不论该词多熟悉，都必须通过上下文得其特定含义答案经常蕴藏在原文该词出现的附近，搜索时应注意：同位语、专门标点、定语从句、前后缀6.推理题（意相近，形相远）注意：不能想太多，推太远标志：infer、suggest、imply、learn~~看可否通过题干或选项返回原文某一两个点进行推理先不要进行推理，若有选项和原文意思完全相同，则该选项必定正确。正确答案有以下两种类型：原文复述型（决不是照抄）文中未直接提出但意思由推想能够得出且含义紧贴原文上网查关于环境方面的词汇！！！Protecttheenvironmentandconserveenergyareeveryone’sresponsibility.Theearthistheonlyhomeforourhumanbeings.weallhavearesponsibilitytotakecareit,notonlyforus,butforouroffspring.Sincethebeginningoftheindustrialage,wepeoplespeedupthepacetoaskformoreresourcesandenergyfromtheearth.Justlikethefossilfuels,wealmostexploitthemupjustinabout200yearsincontrasttheirformationisaboutmillionsofyears.Fortunately,moreandmorepeoplerecognizetheimportanceofprotectingtheearth.Measureshavebeentakenbymanygovernmentsandlawshvebeenmadetosaveourhomefromdestroying.InordertoProtectEnviromentandConserveEnergy,wepeoplecandomanythings.Forexample,wecanusecleanenergy,suchassolarpower、windpower、nuclearenergy、hydroelectricpowertosubstitutetraditionalenergyAftersomucheffortmadebyus,Ihopethattheearth,ourhomewillbebetterandbetter.SavetheEnergyResourcesAnotherroundofenergycrisisisknockingatthedoor.In2004,worldoilconsumptionreachedanewrecord,causingoilpriceintheinternationalmarketto