英语语法专题讲解之非谓语动词课件

AlectureonEnglishGrammar英语语法讲座英语语法中动词的三种非谓语形式的应用TheUseofThreeNon-infiniteFormsoftheVerbI.TheInfinitive1.Infinitivescanbeusedasallthemembersofasentenceexceptpredicate.ItcanbeusedasSubject,Object,Predicative,attributive,andadverbial(主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语)I.TheInfinitive2.Formsoftheinfinitive（不定式的形式）：

一般式——主动：todo

被动：tobedoneI.TheInfinitive完成式—主动：tohavedone

被动：tohavebeendone进行式—主动：tobedoing

被动：用beingdone

代替完成进行式—主动：tohavebeendoing

被动：用tohavebeendone代替I.TheInfinitive2）不定式做主语常可用动名词替代，如果是固定说法或强烈对比，则不用动名词替代。e.g.(1)Toerrishuman.

人无完人，金无足赤。

(2)

Torespectothersistoberespected.尊重别人就是尊重自己。I.TheInfinitive3.Functionsoftheinfinitive(不定式的作用)1)Subject:e.g.(1)Toseeistobelieve.

眼见为实(2)

Totalktoheristotalktothewall.

对她说话就是对牛弹琴翻译:（3）学以致用

Tolearnistouse.

（4）说是一回事，做又是一回事。Tosayisonethingandtodoisanother.

I.TheInfinitive这类动词有：find,feel,believe,consider,think,make（6个）e.g.(1)Alltheseworriesmadeit

impossibleforhertoconcentrateonherwork.(2)Hemakesitarule

totakeawalkafterdinner.It作形式宾语Examples:(1)Ifeel/think/find/believe/consider/it

easy

tolearn/learningEnglishinthisway.(2)Imakeit

easyforyoutolearnEnglishbygivingyouthenotes.(3)Iconsideritrudethat

youinterruptwhenothersaretalking.I.TheInfinitive3)Predicative:(1)MytasktodayistowriteanarticleinEnglish.(2)Myhobbyis___(打篮球).(toplaybasketball)(3)Myjobis____(教书育人)。(toteachandeducatestudents)I.TheInfinitive4)Adverbial:(1)Adverbialofpurpose:e.g.(1)Wedon’tlivetoeat,butweeattolive.(2)Hejumpedintotherivertosavetheboy.2)Adverbialofreason:e.g.:I’msorrytotroubleyou.I.TheInfinitive5)Attributivemodifier:(1)Ihavenothingtoeat/do/worryabout.(动宾关系)(2)在thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thebest,theonly结构后，须跟不定式作定语e.g.:(1)Heisthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.I.TheInfinitive(2)Itisthebesttogotherenow.(3)Heisthe

onlypersontorelyon.(4)Sheis/wasthelasttoagree.(5)Hewasthefirst____(获得诺贝尔文学奖).I.TheInfinitive6)IndependentElement(独立成份)Tomakealongstoryshort长话短说Tocallaspadeaspade实事求是地说I.TheInfinitive4.不定式的难点：1)不定式的进行式(Progressiveinfinitive)不定式的一般式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，而不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，而且正在进行着e.g.(1)Heissaidtowriteabook.(Hewill)(2)Heissaidtobewritingabook.(Heiswriting)I.TheInfinitive3)不定式的完成进行式(Perfectprogressiveinfinitive)表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，而且一直进行着e.g.:Hewashappytohavebeenstayingwithhisuncle.I.TheInfinitive5.不定式的几个特殊结构1)疑问代词（副词）+不定式e.g.:(1)HowtoimproveEnglishisoftendiscussedamongstudents.(2)Ihaven’tdecidedwheretogo/whichtochoose.I.TheInfinitive3)too…to…(太…以致于…)但当too前有only,all等修饰语，之后接pleased,glad,kind,eager,easy,ready，careful作表语时，“too…to…”

就失去否定意义e.g.:(1)I’monlytoopleasedtohelpyou.(2)I’malltoopleasedtohelpyou.

(alltoo:实在太)(3)Youcanneverbetoocarefultodriveacar.(开车怎么细心都不为过。)I.TheInfinitive6.不带to的不定式1)在hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldrather…than…,ratherthan,can’thelpbut,mightaswell,cannotbut,letalone之后用不带to的不定式2)在hear,listento,feel,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe,perceive(觉察到)等感官动词或make,let,have等使役动词后I.TheInfinitive7.介词except和but之跟不定式结构有do无to,无do有to;e.g.:HedidnothingexceptwatchTV.Ihavenochoicebuttowait.Hepromisedtodoanythingbut___.A.towashclothesB.washclothesII.TheGerund:doing1)SubjectEatingtoomuchsugarisnotgoodforyourteeth.Seeingisbelieving.II.TheGerund:doing2)Object*有些动词只能用动名词作宾语：mind,avoid,enjoy,quit,postpone,putoff,…*有些动词既能用动名词也能用不定式作宾语（1）love,like,hate,dislike,prefer,begin,start（区别不大）（2）want,need,remember,forget,regret,try,stop（明显区别）II.TheGerund:doing*成语动词之后接动名词

(prepositionalobject介词宾语)

例如：thinkofdoing,objecttodoing,lookforwardtodoing,getusedtodoing,betiredofdoing,getdowntodoing,…II.TheGerund:doing*在有些句型中，常省略介词in,之后用-ing(1)Thereisnouse(in)arguingwithhim.(2)Thereisnopoint(in)goingthere.(3)Hespent3hours(in)writingacomposition.(4)Wehave/hastrouble/difficulty/problems/fun/agoodtime(in)doingsth.II.TheGerund:doing3)predicativeMyjobisteaching.Thebestpolicyis___(诚实)。（beinghonest）II.TheGerund:doing*在godoing结构中，表示某种活动goshopping,goswimming,gohunting,gohiking,gocamping,gopicnicking,gofishingII.TheGerund:doing*在dosome/much/more+doing结构中，表示干某事dosomeshopping,dosomereadingdomuchcleaning,dosomewashing,dosomecooking,domuchwritingII.TheGerund:doing*在特定标语中NoParking!Nosmoking!NoSpitting!NoClimbing!NoTakingPhotos!NoThrowingLitter!III.TheParticiple1.thepresentparticiple:doing2.thepastparticiple:doneIII.TheParticiple1.thepresentparticiple:Functionsasanadj.（具有形容词的性质）Usedaspredicative,adverbial,attributive,objectcomplement(表、状、定、宾补)III.TheParticiple1)predicativeThefoodsmellsinviting.Thebookisinteresting/touching/moving.2)adverbial(1)adverbialoftime:WhenIarrivedatthestation,Ifoundthetrainhadgone.---Arrivingatthestation,….III.TheParticiple(2)adverbialofreason:e.g.:1.Becausehewasachild,hecouldnotunderstoodit.---Beingachild,….2.Becausewedidn’tknowhiscellphonenumber,wecouldn’tcontacthim.---Notknowinghiscellphonenumber,….3.BecauseshehasstayedinChinaforyears,shecanspeakChineseperfectly.---HavingstayedinChina,….III.TheParticiple3)attributivee.g.:1.Thegirlwhoisrunningtousismysister.---Thegirlrunningtousismysister.Amanrespectingotherswillberespected.Abitingdogneverbites.III.TheParticiple4)objectcomplement(or:aspartofcomplexobject复合宾语的一部分)(1)感官动词之后e.g.:1.Iwatchedthechildrenplayingintheyard.2.Iheardyoudrivingpigstothemarketlastnight.3.Helistenedtotherainbeatingonthewindow.III.TheParticiple(2)使役动词keep,send,get,leave,catch,set,have,start之后e.g.:1.Youkeptmewaitinghere.2.Hesenttheballflying.3.Yougottheclockgoing.4.Yougotusthinking.5.Thepolicecaught/gothimstealing.6.Wholeftthemachinerunningallnightlong?7.Thatstarted/setmethinking.8.Theteacherhaduslearningalltheevening.III.TheParticiple2.thepastparticiple:Functionsasanadj.,indicating“passiveandfinished/done”Usedaspredicative,adverbial,attributive,objectcomplementIII.TheParticiple1)predicativee.g.:1.Heisgone.2.Hegotpromoted.3.Shebecamediscouraged.4.Heisworried/excited/surprised/shocked/touched/moved.III.TheParticiple2)attributive

e.g.:1.Theguestsinvitedtothepartywereforeignambassadors.2.LanguageusedontheradioandTVisrichinidioms.3.Anythingnotwantedshouldbeleftbehind.4.StudentseducatedatHarvardUniversityarepopularintheworld.III.TheParticiple3)adverbiale.g.:1.Seenfromthesky,ourcollegelooksbeautiful.2.Angeredbythedecisionthelawyerquicklyleftthecourtroom.3.United,westand;divided,wefall.4.Whenaskedaboutthesituation,hesaidnothing.5.Thoughwounded,hecontinuedtofight.III.TheParticiple4)objectcomplement(or:aspartofcomplexobject复合宾语的一部分)(1)感官动词之后e.g.:1.I’mgladtoseethechildren

welllookedafter/wellfed.2.Ifoundthecardamagedbadly.3.Iheardthedog