英语语法学习与复习课件

第一部分：

英语八种常用时态动词分类谓语动词构成：单谓语动词：由一个行为动词/实义动词复杂谓语动词：由助动词+行为动词构成行为动词表示谓语动词的基本意义助动词协助行为动词表示不同的语法意义或情态意义。助动词1）be/do/have表示语法意义be进行时、被动语态；do表示否定、疑问have表示完成时2）情态助动词can/could,may/might,Will/would,shall/should,must,oughtto,need时态学习中需特别注意的三个方面1）时态表示的意义/用法e.g

一般现在时用法：现阶段经常性、习惯性动作或行为；目前的状态；客观真理2)常用的时间状语e.galready,ever,just,yet,before(单独放于句末),inthepast/lastfewyears,since+过去的时间/时间状语从句,for+一段时间,etc.3)否定句，疑问句的变化谓语动词是助动词+行为动词谓语动词是行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②主语为第三人称单数时，行为动词前加doesn’t,其他人称和数的行为动词前加don’t,后跟动词原形。疑问句：①把be动词Am/Is/Are放于句首；②主语为第三人称单数时用Does放于句首提问，其他人称和数用助动词Do提问，后跟动词原形。二）一般过去时用法：过去发生的动作或状态；过去存在的状态。时间状语：…ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow=amomentago,attheageof10,oneday,long,longago=onceuponatime,aftertwodays,etc.

全文背景否定形式：①was/were+not；②在行为动词前加didn’t，后跟动词原形。

疑问句：①把be动词Was或Were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式Did提问，后跟动词原形。结构：①be动词was/were；②行为动词用过去式三）现在进行时

用法：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作或行为。时间状语：now,thesedays,Look!Listen!etc.

结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把助动词Am/Is/Are放于句首。五）一般将来时

用法：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,in2013,inafewminutes,thedayaftertomorrow,in+一段时间,howsoon,etc.结构：①am/is/are/+goingto+V原形；②will/shall+V原形。(计划好/已决定的事情用begoingto）否定形式：①am/is/are/+not+goingto+V原形；②will/shall+not+V原形。一般疑问句：①把助动词Am/Is/Are放于句首；②把助动词Will/Shall放于句首。七）现在完成时

用法：到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作，对现在还有影响，或从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：already,ever,just,yet,before(单独放于句末),inthepast/lastfewyears,since+过去的时间/时间状语从句,for+一段时间,etc.结构：have/has+done否定形式：have/has+not+done.一般疑问句：把助动词have/has放于句首。时态学习难点

1）一般现在时和一般将来时

宾语从句中，根据实际情况选择状语从句中，if条件句，when/assoonas/not…until时间状语从句中，用现在时表将将来（主将从现）

Idon'tknowifit________tomorrow.Ifit_________,Iwillnotgofishing.A.rains,rainsB.rains,willrainC.willrain,rainsD.willrain,willrainC

时态学习难点

2）一般过去时和现在完成时从用法上区分：一般过去时只是说明过去发生的动作或状态（发生过什么事）现在完成时则说明过去发生的事情，对现在有影响（更强调对现在的影响）--______mymobilephone?--Yes,Isawitonyourdeskamomentago.HaveyouseenDidyouseeA

时态学习难点

2）一般过去时和现在完成时从时间状语上区分（特别是过去时不能表示动作持续）I________afriendofmineyesterday,andwe_______eachotherfortenyears.A.saw,had’tseenB.saw,haven'tseenC.saw,didn'tseeD.hadn'tseen,haven’tseenB

Inthepastthreeyears,there________greatchangesinmycity.A.hasbeenB.areC.havebeenD.wereIamsorryyouhavemissedthebus.It______fiveminutesago.WasleavingB.hasleftC.leftD.wouldleftCC时态学习难点

3）一般过去时和过去完成时从意义上区分，判断两个过去的动作，哪个发生在前，哪个发生在后。Thepopsinger_________whenIgottothemusichalllastnight.Whatapity.haveleftB.wereleftC.hadleftD.leftC时态学习难点

4）一般过去时和过去进行时在when和while引导的状语从句中如果一个动作发生在另一个动作正在进行之中，则该动作用过去时，正在进行动作用过去进行时。A…did（短时间）…when/while…wasdoing（长时间）B…wasdoing（长时间）…when…did（短时间）注意，如两个动作同时进行，两个动作都用wasdoingC…wasdoing（长时间）…when/while…wasdoing–Didyouseetheaccidentyesterday?-Yes,ithappenedwhenI_________pastthemuseum.A.walkB.amwalkingC.waswalkingD.hadwalkedSomeone_________atthedoorwhenshewascookinginthekitchen.A.hadknockedB.hasknockedC.wasknockingD.knockedCD1.borrow借→keep保存2.die死→bedead死的3.buy买→have有、拥有4.come/goto/reach/arrivein/at/getto+地点来到/去到某地→bein/at+地点在某地6.jointheParty/league/army入党/入团/参军→beintheParty/league/army在党/团/军队里或→beamemberof…7.leave离开→beaway8.(themeeting/match)begin/start会议/比赛开始→beon进行9.becomea+职业→bea+职业10.getmarried→bemarried

–Whendidyou________thishouse?-Well,I_______itforhalfayear.A.have;haveboughtB.buy,havehadC.buy;haveboughtD.had;havehad.

–Howlong______thefilmKingKong_____?--Forjustafewminutes.A.Did,beginB.has,begunC.has,beenonD.had,beenonB

D(2006)()19.Thebus______suddenlywhenagroupofstudentsranontotheroad.A.stopsB.stoppedC.hasstoppedD.isstopping()20.----I______togettotheSouthMall.CouldyoutellmewhichbusIshouldtake?----JustcatchtheNo.10busfromhere.It’sthe4thstop.A.amtryingB.wouldtryC.triedD.havetriedB

A

(2007)()21.Thelittlegirl______hercupamomentago,butluckilyitisn’tbroken.

A.droppedB.isdroppingC.haddroppedD.wasdropping()22.Asweknow,thingslikethat______allovertheworldeveryday.

A.happensB.arehappenedC.arehappeningD.willbehappenedA

C

(2008)()23.Hi,Mr.Smith.Ididn’tknowyouwereinNewYork.Howlong______here?A.haveyoucomeB.wereyouC.haveyoubeenD.willyoucome(2009)()24.----There’ssomethingwrongwithmycomputer.----Don’tworry.I______torepairittomorrow.A.willcomeB.cameC.comeD.havecomeC

A

第二部分：

宾语从句/间接引语1.三种类型的宾语从句（间接引语）1）‘WewillvisitYuexiuParkthisafternoon.’Kellysaidtoherbrother.Kelly

herbrother

.

2）‘Whenareyougoingtoseethefilm?’

Couldyoutellme？Couldyoutellme______________________.3）“Doyouneedanyhelp?”Thebossaskedtheworkers.Thebossaskedtheworkers_____________________________________.toldtheywould…thatafternoonwhenyouweregoing…?if/whethertheyneededsomehelp2.非宾语从句的间接引语(1)

1）‘Whenareyougoingtoseethefilm?’

Couldyoutellme？Couldyoutellme______________________.

2)“Whereareyougoingtospendyourholiday?”Tomaskedme.Tomaskedme________________________.whentogotosee…wheretospendyour…

2)Thechildrensaid“MissGreen,wouldyoupleasegiveussomesweets?”Thechildren___________________________.“Washyourhandsbeforedinner.”MothersaidtoTom.Mother_______________________________.2.非宾语从句的间接引语(2)

toldTomtowashhishand…askedMissGreentogive…3.宾语从句难点：（1）时态1）主句为现在时态，从句根据实际情况可以用任何时态。2）主句为过去时态，从句必须用相应的过去时态

一般现在时→一般过去时现在进行时→过去进行时一般将来时→过去将来时现在完成时→过去完成时一般过去时→过去完成时3）引述的句子为客观真理时，时态不改变。"Theearthgoesroundthesun."Theteachersaidtous.

Theteachertoldus_____________________________________.thattheearthgoesroundthesunHesaidhe________withusifhe_______free.A.Wouldgo,wouldbeB.willgo,isC.willgo,willbeD.wouldgo,wasNobodynoticedwhattheyoungman_______atthemoment.A.willdoB.wasdoingC.hasdoneD.haddone–HowdidMr.BlakelikeBeijing?-Hesaidhe_________suchabeautifulcitybefore.A.doesn'tvisitB.didn'tvisitC.hasn'tvisitedD.hadn'tvisitedD

B

D3.宾语从句难点：（2）语序3)“WhichChristmascarddoyoulike?”

1)“WhenwillyougotoJapanwithyourfamily?”

2)“Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkornot?”4)“WheredidyouspendyourChristmasholiday?”

Kellyaskedmesomequestions.whenIwouldgo…withmyfamily.IfIhadfinishedmyhomeworkornot.WhichChristmascardIlikedwhereIspentmyChristmas…3.宾语从句难点：（3）连接词的选择1）–Whatdidyousaytoyourmotherjustnow?-Iaskedher_______shecookedfordinner.thatB.ifC.whatD.how2）--Doyouknow______Icouldpasstheexam?--Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.whichask,wonder,wanttoknow,don’tknow,don’tunderstand,notsure,doyouknow,canyoutellme,canyoumakesure表示不确定/不肯定的词后不能跟陈述句的宾语从句。CB

3）–Doyouknow______dotohelpmyfriend?whatIcanB.whatcanIC.howIcanD.howcanI4）--Idon’tknow______withthisproblem.Itistoodifficult.--YoucanaskMr.Smithforhelp.whichtodoB.whentodoC.whattodoD.howtodo5）--I’mafraidthatnooneknows______.whenwillthegamestartwherehasourteachergonewhowillwinthematch考虑句子中疑问词是充当什么成分，考虑句子中缺什么成分。AC

C

突破练习二:（1）中考链接之选择题

1、----Doyoustillremember_____?(1996)----No,I’msorry.A.thathesaidB.whathesaidC.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay2、----Whatareyouinterestedinaboutcookingfood?----Weareallinterestedin________(1997).A.howeggisfriedB.howiseggfriedC.howeggfriesD.howdoeseggfry3、Didyoufindout________?(1998)A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingforC.whosechildwassheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor4、Areyouinterestedin________?(1999)A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdiditADCB

5、Idon’tknow_____.Canyoutellme?（2000）A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare6、----Whatdidthescientistsay?（2001）----Hesaidhewonderedif_____intospacebyspaceshiponeday.A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly7、Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme_____?(2002)A.whereisthebanknearestB.whereisthenearestbankC.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere8、----Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_____.(2004)A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchooseC.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchooseDBCB9、----Canyoumakesure__________?----Sorry,Ican’t.ButIdidseeherjustnow.(2005)A.wheredidshegoB.whereshehadgoneC.whereshehasgoneD.wherewillshego10、Haveyoudecided__________Canada?A.whenyouwillleaveB.whenwillyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.ifwhenyouwillleave11.----We’regoingtoflytoParis.Howaboutyou?(2007)----Wehaven’tdecided_____ourChristmasholidays.A.whereweshouldspendB.thatweshouldspendC.whereshouldwespendD.whenweshouldspend12.----Ihearwe’llhaveanewforeignteachersoon.Doyouknowwhen_____?----Sorry,Ihavenoidea.(2008)A.hewillcomeB.willhecomeC.ishecomingD.hewascomingCAAA突破练习二：（2）中考链接之完成句子1.妹妹问我是否可以在回家的路上给她买些面包。（2008）Mysisteraskedme_______________________________somebreadforheronmywayhome.if/whetherIcouldbuy突破练习二：（3）中考链接之句型转换

1.Shesaidtome,“Don’twritetheletterwithapencil.”(2006)Shetoldme________________________________withapencil.2.Samaskedme,“Didyouoftenrideabikefromplacetoplacewhenyouwereatschool?”(2005)Samaskedme____________________________fromplacetoplacewhen__________________atschool.3.Mr.Brownsaid,“Don’tmakesuchamistakeagain,Margaret.”(2004)Mr.BrowntoldMargaret________________________.nottowritetheletterif/whetherIoftenrodeabikeIwasnottomakesuchamistakeagain第三部分：被动语态1.Tom___________(speak)Englisheveryday.2.I__________(clean)thewindowsyesterday.3.We___________(plant)moretreesnextyear.4.We__________________________thebooksontime.5.She______________(learn)sixsongssince2003.speakscleanedwillplantmustreturnhaslearnedEnglishisspokenby

Tomeveryday.Thewindowswerecleanedby

meyesterday.Moretreeswillbeplantedby

usnextyear.ThebooksSixsongsmustbereturnedhavebeenlearnedby

usby

herOntime.since2003.1.Icleanedthewindowsyesterday.Thewindowswerecleanedby

meyesterday.主动语态变被动语态的方法：1.把宾语提于句首作主语；2.根据不同时态，把动词变为“be＋V.p.p.”的相应形式；3.原句中的主语改为“by+宾语”（有时可省略）歌诀是:宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词be+“过分”

主动语态被动语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时情态动词现在完成时v.原形v.+s/es(第三人称单数)v.过去式will+v.原形have/has+V.p.p.am/is/are+V.p.p.was/were+V.p.p.will+be+V.p.p.can/may/must+V.原形can/may/must+be+V.p.p.have/has+been+V.p.p.be(am/is/are/was/were/been)+V.p.p.1.

TheygaveLucysomeflowers.Lucy____________________________bythem.Someflowers____________________bythem.2.Icanmakethecow______(go).Thecow__________________________.3.Anaccident_________nearourschoolyesterday.A.hadhappenedB.washappenedC.happenedwasgivensomeflowersweregiventoLucy注意1：含有双宾语(人/物)的主动句变被动句时:-人+be+v.p.p.+物-物+be+v.p.p.+人注意2：make,have，let；help,see,watch,hear，feel等在主动语态中省去to，但改成被动语态后都加上to.

gocanbetogoC注意3：一些动词只有主动语态，没有被动语态。中考常考的词有:happen=takeplace(发生),sellwell(卖得好),writewell(写得好)，

belongto(属于)等。

madeto+4.

TheylookedafterTomwell.Tom_______________________bythem.5.Theytakecareoftheflowers.Theflowers_____________________bythem.waslookedafter注意4：当谓语动词为短语时,不能丢掉词组末尾的介词-或副词，如handin,takecareof等。well

are

takencareof

1.

TheygaveLucysomeflowers.Lucy____________________________bythem.Someflowers____________________bythem.2.Icanmakethecow______(go).thecow__________________________.3.Anaccident_________nearourschoolyesterday.A.hadhappenedB.washappenedC.happened4.TheylookedafterTomwell.Tom_______________________bythem.wasgivensomeflowersweregiven

toLucygocanbemadetogoCwaslookedafterwell突破练习三：（1）中考链接之选择题()1.Thisclassroom______everydaybythestudentsonduty.(1996)A.iscleanB.cleanC.iscleanedD.cleaned()2.----Whyistheirclassroomsocleanandtidy?(1997)----Becauseit______everyday.A.iscleanedB.cleansC.iscleaningD.isclean()3.----Whatareyouinterestedinaboutcookingfood?(1997)----Weareallinterestedin______.A.howeggisfriedB.howiseggfriedC.howeggfriesD.howdoeseggfry()4.Thelightintheroom______beforeyouleave.(1998)A.mustturnoffB.willturnoffC.areturnedoffD.mustbeturnedoff()5.Football______allovertheworld.(1999)A.isplayingB.playC.playsD.isplayedCAADD

6.Manymorehouses__forteacherssincelastyear.(2000)A.arebuildingB.builtC.havebuiltD.havebeenbuilt7.Themanwholivedaloneonthatislandthoughthe____never______.(2001)A.will,findB.would,befoundC.is,foundD.had,beenfound

8.

Nooneknowshowthehugerocks___and___withoutourmodernmachineseighthundredyearsago.(2001)A.werecut,movedB.werecut,moveC.arecut,movedD.arecut,moving

9.Don’tworry.Allthechildren____bythenurse..(2002)A.arewelltakencareofB.takegoodcareC.takegoodcareofD.aretakengoodcare

DBAA

10.Mr.Johnson’sstory____byeveryonewhoheardit.(2003)A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedat

11.

Attheendofthemeeting,MissGreen_____twominutestodecidewhethersheshouldjointheprojectornot.(2004)A.gaveB.hadgivenC.wasgivenD.wasgivingDC

()12.Aneighbourhelpedtokeepourdog.It______whilewewereonholiday.(2005)A.wastakencareB.tookcareofC.istakencareofD.wastakencareof()13.Asusual,Meihua_______at6:30thismorningbyhermothertogetreadyforschool.(2006)A.haswokenupB.wokeupC.wakesupD.waswokenup()14.Ithinkthatbicycle_______forthistrip.Itwillbefunandgoodforourhealth.(2007)A.shoulduseB.willuseC.shouldbeusedD.willbeabletouseDDC突破练习三：（2）中考链接之完成句子

1.这些花必须天天浇水，否则就会枯死。（2008）Alltheseflowers________________________everyday,ortheywilldie.2.去年我们学校建了一个新的游泳池。（2009）Anewswimmingpool___________________inourschoollastyear.mustbewateredwasbuilt第四部分：非谓语动词具体解释略突破练习四：（1）中考链接

之选择题(2009-2001)(2009)()1.MrGreenwantstotravelaroundtheworldbecauseheenjoys______newplaces.A.toseeB.seeingC.seesD.see(2008)()2.FromthattimeonMarypractised_______thepianoeveryday.A.playsB.playingC.playedD.toplay(2007)()3.Thefinalexamsarecoming.IthinkyoushouldaskyourcousinTim______you.A.tohelpB.helpsC.helpD.helpedBBA(2006)()4.----Wouldyoumind______measweater?Ifeelalittlecold.----Ofcoursenot.I’llgoandgetitrightnow.A.togetB.getC.gettingD.willget(2005)()5.Mygrandfatherwants______aroundtheworldbecauseheenjoys_____newplaces.A.travelling;seeingB.totravel;toseeC.totravel;seeingD.travelling;tosee(2004)()6.Martinlookssowell.We’veneverseenhim___sowell.A.islookedB.islookingC.tolookD.lookCCD(2003)()7.YesterdayafternoonMrsGreentoldtheboys____footballintheclassroom.A.didn’tplayB.tonotplayC.notplayD.nottoplay(2002)()8.Hi,Tom!Canyoutellmewhen______forLondon?A.leavingB.leavesC.toleaveD.areyouleaving(2001)()9.Lookatthesignonthewall!Stop______photographs,please.A.totakeB.takingC.takeD.nottaking()10.Y