英语 上海市长宁区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模英语试题

2021学年长宁区第一学期高三英语教学质量监测试卷（考试时间120分钟；满分140分）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.$10. B.$20. C.$25. D.$50.2.A.Joinawalkingclub. B.Findanotherlift.C.Takethelift. D.Walkupstairs.3.A.Heissensitive. B.Heisrude.C.Heisdetermined. D.Heisfrank.4.A.Breakfasttime. B.Telephoneservice.C.Roomnumber. D.Businesshours.5.A.Buysomefood. B.Attendtoherfather.C.Gotoacafeteria. D.Sendherfathertohospital.6.A.Heislookingforanewjob. B.Heisunwillingtowork.C.Hehasrecentlylosthisjob. D.Heisadiligentperson.7.A.Hehasreceivedseveraloffers. B.Heregretsturningdowntheoffer.C.Hetakesbusinesstripsfrequently. D.Hedislikesbeingawayfromhome.8.A.Theyaredissatisfiedwithitnow. B.TheyaredelightedatitsFrenchfood.C.Theyaregladtoseeitsnewmanager. D.Theyareunhappywiththepricesofitsfood.9.A.Theywerenotpartofthecampus. B.Theyaresurroundedbytrees.C.Theywererebuiltinthe1500s. D.Theyhavealonghistory.10.A.Themanshouldbeworkingonhisproject.B.Themanneedstorelaxattheweekend.C.Sheisworriedaboutherproject.D.Sheisuninterestedinsurfing.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Aspecialschool.B.Animportantdecision.C.Aneweducationpolicy.D.Atypicalteachingmethod.12.A.Parents. B.Students. C.Kitchenstaff. D.Cleaners.13.A.Ithasnotimetableatall.B.Teachersgivenohomework.C.Itimposesitssystemontostudents.D.Studentshavetheirsayinhowtorunit.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Peopleusedthestoveslessoften.B.Outdoorairpollutionwasnotthatserious.C.Indoorairpollutionwasrelatedtothewayofcooking.D.Anincreasingnumberoftreeswerecutdowneveryyear.15.A.Takingadvantageofgreenerenergy.B.BuildingabaseintheHimalayas.C.Dependingonanimalwasteforfuel.D.Findinglandcoveredwithforests.16.A.Itwasresistanttowater.B.Itwaseasytopackandmove.C.Itworkedwellonrainydays.D.Itlookedlikeapotorapan.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Heisacollector. B.Heisanenvironmentalist.C.HeisstudyingChina. D.Heispromotinganimalprotection.18.A.Forsixyears. B.Forsevenyears.C.Forthirtyyears. D.Forfiftyyears.19.A.Hehas500ofthem.B.Hegotthemfromsecond-handshops.C.Hegavesomeofthemtohisfriends.D.Hesparedaroomforthem.20.A.Hisfriendsrequestedhimtostarttheclub.B.Chinaelephantsenjoyarelativelylonghistory.C.Littleinformationaboutchinaelephantswasavailable.D.Hewantedtokeepintouchwithotherelephantlovers.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.AccentingAccentsTobea“slasher”,apersonwithmultipleoccupations,isarecentpopularconceptamongyoungChinese.However,XuKaifei（2）（do）thissince20yearsago.BornandbroughtupinHaikou,HainanProvinceinSouthChina,Xuisanownewmediajournalist.Butthe36-year-old,（22）______stage-nameisJin’anzai,isbetterknownasarapper（说唱歌手）.Xu’shighschoolyearswerefilledwithpopsongsfromHongKong,（23）______（write）intheCantonesedialect,whichismostlyspokeninsouthChina,includingHongKong.（24）______（listen）tothem,herealizedthatfewpeopleusedtheHainandialecttowritesongs.In2008,hewrotearapsong,Domldoml,meaning（25）______todoinHainanese.“Hainaneseisnotasystematiclanguage.Itisdifficulttorhyme（押韵）whenrapping.Buttheartistwrotegoodwords.Also,thegenre（类型）ofthissongisadvanced,manyyearsaheadoftoday’sHipHoptrend,”amusicfanpostedonNetEaseCloudMusic,amusicplatformsetupbyInternettechnologygiantNetEase,commenting（26）______Xu’seffort.（27）______Xu’ssocialmediaaccounthasonlyabout26,000followers,muchlessthanfamouspopstars’accounts,heisstillproudofhismusicbecause（28）______recordshishometown’sbeautifuldialect.Over80percentofthepopulationinHainanspeakHainanese,accordingtothewebsiteoftheHainanProvincialGovernment.In2019,over9millionpeople（29）______（estimate）toliveinHainan.Today,moreandmoresongsandfilmsareincludingdialects.Itnotonlycreatesanartisticeffectbutalsoguidesdialectspeakers（30）______（rediscover）theirlanguage.Suchartisticofferingscanbreakgeographicallimitationsandwintheappreciationofpeopleinotherareas.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.abandoned B.adventure C.allow D.appreciateE.curving F.effortlessly G.exploring H.outlinesI.relatively J.territory K.windsMarvelousMallorcaLocatedoffthesoutherncoastofSpain,theislandofMallorcaisoftenpraisedasoneofthejewelsoftheMediterranean.AstheSpanishroyalfamily’spreferredsummervacationspot,Mallorca31charmsvisitorswithitsbeautifulvillagesandmountainscoveredinorangeandlemontrees.Sinceitisa(n)32smallisland,Mallorcaisbestseenbybicycle.TheSerradeTramuntanaMountainrangerunsalongtheisland’snorth-westerncoastandcoversnearly30percentoftheisland’s33,whichmakesitacyclist’sdream.The34roadsthatcrossthetallpeaksandrockycliffsprovidesomeofthemostchallengingcyclingontheisland.However,mostoftheisland’svisitorscometoseeMallorca’ssplendidcoast.Thoughthereareseveralbusybeachresortsbuiltspecificallyfortourists,you’rebetteroff35the260beachesaroundtheislandonyourown.Alongthesouthcoast,you’llfindwhitesandsandclearbluewatersseeminglymadejustfordiving.Intheeast,keepaneyeoutforhiddenbaysthat36forpeacefulswimmingeveninhighseason.AlthoughMallorca’sbeacheshavebeenitsmainattractionformanyyears,morerecently,visitorshavebeguntoappreciatetheisland’sculturalattractionstoo.ManyofMallorea’sgrandoldhousesand37farmsarebeingturnedintoresortswherevisitorscanenjoytherelaxedlifestyleoftheMallorcancountryside.Palma,Mallorca’slivelycapital,isalsohometomanymuseums,historicbuildings,andgalleries.Hereyou’llbeableto38paintingsbygreatSpanishmastersuchasPicasso,Dali,andMiro,whoseformerhouseinthecity’swesterndistrictisopentovisitors.Astheday39down,spendaneveningenjoyingafreshlycaughtsupperinoneofPalma’soceanfrontrestaurantswhiletakinginabeautifulMallorcansunset.WhatbetterwaytowrapupyourSpanish40?III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Hugelyambitiousinscope,TheLordoftheRingsoccupiesanuncomfortablepositionin20thcenturyliterature.ThisbookofJ.R.R.Tolkien’sposesachallengetomodernliteratureanditsdefenders.(Tolkienonhis41:“Somewhohavereadthebook,oratanyratehavereviewedit,havefounditboring,ridiculous,orannoying;andIhavenocausetocomplain,sinceIhavesimilaropinionsoftheirworks,orofthekindsofwritingthattheyevidently42.”)YetTheLordoftheRingshasenjoyedmassiveandenduringpopularity.ItwouldseemthatTolkien’sworksuppliedsomethingthatwas43amongtheformalinnovationsof20thcenturyfiction,somethingforwhichreaderswerehungry.Butwhatwasit,andwhywasitimportant?ItseemsthatthekeypointliesinTolkien’swholeheartedrejectionofmodernityandmodernism.Thisiswhatsopowerfully44somereaders,andjustaspowerfullydrivesawayothers.InhisbookJ.R.R.Tolkien:AuthoroftheCentury,T.A.ShippeyexpandsonthisideabyarguingthatTolkiensawhisstoryofMiddle-earthnotasfictionorinvention,butasthe45ofsomethinggenuinethathadbecomeburiedbeneaththefairytaleandnurseryrhythm.“HoweverfancifulTolkien’screationofMiddleearthwas,”Shippeywrites,“hedidnotthinkthathewasentirely46.Hewas‘reconstructing’,hewasharmonizingconflictsinhissource-texts,sometimeshewassupplyingentirelynewconcepts,buthewasalsoreachingbacktoanimaginativeworldwhichhebelievedhadoncereally47,atleastinacollectiveimagination.”ThebookisalsodeeplygroundedinTolkien’slinguisticexpertise（语言专长）—he48wholelanguagesforhischaracters.Sometimeshebecamesoabsorbedinthecreationoflanguages,infact,thathe49thestoryitselfformonthsoryearsatatime,believinghecouldnotcontinueuntilsomeinconsistency（不一致）inhisinventedworldhadbeenresolved.ButTolkien’sgreatintellectandknowledgeisnotthesourceofhis50;withouthisstorytellinggift,TheLordoftheRingswouldbelittlemorethanacuriosity.Andthisgiftseemstooriginatestraightfromhis51tobreakfromclassicalandtraditionalforms.Tolkienhimselfoftenspokeofhisworkassomething‘found’or‘discovered’,somethingwhoseexistencewas52ofhim.It’swisetobecarefulwiththissortofinterpretation,butitseems53thathebelievedhisworktobesomethinggiven,somethingrevealed,whichcontainedakindoftruthbeyondmeasure.54,hisdetailshavetheweightofreality,andbecauseofthishisgreatsweepofstoryfeelsrealaswell;youmightsaythathis55castlesarebuiltwithacertainamountofgenuinestone.41.A.books B.critics C.readers D.ambitions42.A.dislike B.challenge C.review D.prefer43.A.common B.possible C.missing D.funny44.A.annoys B.influences C.attracts D.concerns45.A.recovery B.designing C.analysis D.questioning46.A.takingitdown B.makingitup C.turningitdown D.lookingitup47.A.remained B.struck C.moved D.existed48.A.spoke B.invented C.neglected D.recalled49.A.putaside B.setup C.lookinto D.getalong50.A.style B.tension C.success D.tradition51.A.decision B.request C.struggle D.refusal52.A.representative B.independent C.conscious D.thoughtful53.A.clear B.weird C.unfair D.pitiful54.A.Asaresult B.Onthecontrary C.Evenso D.What’sworse55.A.ancient B.broken C.imaginary D.foreignSectionBDirections:ReadthefollowingthreepassagesEachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）Itwasoneofthemostdestructivedaysinthehistoryofourplanet,andnowweknowhowitplayedout.Scientistshavepiecedtogetherthefirstdayofthedinosaurs’extinction,bydrillingintothecrater（火山口）thatformedfromtheasteroid（小行星）thatcausedtheirdownfall.Theasteroid,whichledtotheextinctionofalldinosaursthatcan’tfly,crashedintotheGulfofMexico’sYucatanPeninsulasome66millionyearsago.In2016,ascientificdrillingprojectbytheInternationalOceanDiscoveryProgramgotrocksfromtheimpactsite,whichhasbeenunderwaterforalongtime.Now,scientistshaveanalysedtheserockstotravelbackintimetothatparticulardayitself.“It’sanexpandedrecordofeventsthatwewereabletorecoverfromwithingroundzero,”saidDrSeanGulick,ageophysicistattheUniversityofTexasatAustinandleaderofthisstudy.“Ittellsusaboutimpactprocessesfromaneyewitnesslocation.”Injust24hoursfollowingtheimpact,alayerofmaterial130mthickwasdeposited.Thisincludecharcoal,whichprovidesevidencefortheintensewildfiresthatarethoughttohavebeencausedbythecrash.Meanwhile,theimpactalsoledtoahugetsunami,anextremelylargewaveintheseacausedbyanearthquake,asevidencedbylayersofrocksandsandinthecoresamples,whichappeartohavebeendepositedbyfloodingwaters.Onethingconspicuouslymissingfromthesamples,though,istheelementofsulphur（硫磺）.Althoughthesurroundingareaisfullofsulphur-richrocks,thecraterisunusuallysulphur-free.Thissupportstheideathattheasteroidimpactinstantlyvaporisedsulphurousrocks,releasingthesulphurintotheatmosphere,whereitremainedandreflectedawaytheSun’slight,coolingtheEarth’sclimate.Althoughtheimpacthaddestructiveeffectsonaregionallevel,it’sthislarge-scaleglobalcoolingthat’sthoughttobebehindthedinosaurs’eventualextinction,aswellasthatofcountlessotherplantandanimalspecies.“Therealkillerhasgottobeatmospheric,”saidGulick.“Theonly,wayyougetaglobalmassextinctionlikethisisanatmosphericeffect.”56.DrSeanGulickisquotedinparagraph3inorderto______.A.stresstheimpactofthecrashB.illustratethesignificanceoftheirstudyC.explainwhattheydidintheirstudyD.statethereasonfordinosaurs’death57.Theword“conspicuously”（inparagraph6）isclosestinmeaningto“______”.A.obviously B.restlessly C.occasionally D.potentially58.Whichofthefollowingisacauseofthedramaticdropintemperaturementionedinthepassage?A.Thetsunami.B.Thewildfires.C.Thevapourisedsulphur.D.Thedepositofrocks.59.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Touchingonthedinosaur’stimeB.DrillingintothedaythedinosaursdiedC.WhyweneedtostudytheatmosphericeffectD.Whatweshouldknowaboutthehistoryofourplanet（B）WhatAretheLimitsofHumanEndurance?Paragraph1:______Whenitcomestorunning,howfarandhowfastyoucangoisdeterminedbyanumberofphysicalfactors,includingyourVO2max(thevolumeofoxygenyoucanpumproundyourbody)andyourlactate（乳酸盐）threshold,whichisthepointatwhichyourbodyproducesmorelactatethanitcanbreakdown（abuild-upofthischemicalmakesyourunlessefficiently）.Someofthisisgenetic,someofitcomesfromtraining.Butinrecentyears,sportsscientistshavealsocometorecognisetheimportanceofmentalstrength.Thelongeryourun,themoreimportantawell-thought-outmentalstrategyis.Commonstrategiesforcopingwithpainincludemotivationalselftalkanddistractiontechniquestohelpblocknegativethoughts.Paragraph2:______Thirtyyearsago,scientistscalculatedthatthefastestpossiblemarathon,inperfectconditionsandwiththeperfectathlete,wouldbe1hour58minutes.Andwe’regettingclose.ThisSeptember,Kenyanlong-distancerunnerEliudKipchogesetanewworldrecordof2:01:39attheBerlinMaraton—araceideallysuitedtofasttimesbecauseofitsflatcourse,fewcorners,andtypicallygoodweatherconditions.Sportsphysiologiststhinkthatthetwo-hourlimitcouldbebrokeninthenextfewdecades,asabiggertalentpoolofrunners,plusadvancesintrainingtechnology,createevermoreidealcombinationsofathleteandrunningconditions.Paragraph3:______Long-distancerunningstressesthebody;recentresearchfromtheUniversityofthePeloponneseinGreecefoundthatpost-racelevelsofinflammation（炎症）inthebloodofultraendurancerunners（thosewhorunraceslongerthanamarathon）showedsimilardescriptionstopeoplewithcancerorcirrhosis.However,overthenextfewdays,therunners’levelsreturnedtonormal,suggestingthattheyhavearemarkableabilitytorecoverafteranextremeworkout.Goodtrainingispartlyabouthelpingyouknowwhen,forinstance,you’vecrossedthelinefrom‘goodpain’into‘badpain’.60.Matcheachparagraphwithoneofthefollowingquestions,andthenmakethechoice.①Isenduranceinthemindorinthemuscles?②Isendurancerunningbadforyou?③Willendurancerunningbecomeahit?④Willanyoneeverrunatwo-hourmarathon?A.Paragraphl:①;Paragraph2:②;Paragraph3:③B.Paragraph1:④;Paragraph2:①;Paragraph3:②C.Paragraph1:④;Paragraph2:②;Paragraph3:③D.Paragraph1:①;Paragraph2:④;Paragraph3:②61.Accordingtotheresearch,howcandistractiontechniqueshelplongdistancerunners?A.ByraisingtheirVO2max.B.Byhelpingthemconcentrate.C.Byloweringtheirlactatethreshold.D.Bypreventingthemfeelingdiscouraged.62.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Goodtrainingcanhelpyoufindoutyourlimits.B.Theworldmarathonrecordis1hour58minutes.C.Marathontrainingtechnologyhasn’tchangedalot.D.Longdistancerunningcauseslastingharmtoourhealth.（C）Itseemsdifficulttoexplainthepersistentsuccessofscientifictheoriesatdescribingnature.Iexplorethischallengeinmybook,WhatScienceIsandHowItReallyWorks.Ifthehistoryofscienceteachesusanything,itisthattheabilityofatheorytopredictunobservedphenomenaandleadtoamazingnewtechnologiesisnoproofthatsaidtheoryis“true”.Forexample,IsaacNewton’smechanicsenabledsurprisinglyaccuratepredictionsofotherastronomicalphenomena,suchasHalley’scomet（哈雷彗星）arrivinglaterthannormalin1759duetothegravitationaleffectsofpassingclosetoJupiter.Evenmoreimpressive,intheearly1800swhenastronomersdeterminedthattheorbit（轨道）ofUranusfailedtomatchNewtonianpredictions,theyconcludedthatNewton’stheorywasnotwrong;rather,theexistenceofapreviouslyunobservedplanetwasproposedandwaslaterfoundexactlywhereitwasexpectedtobe（andnamedNeptune）.Suchsuccessesofthescientificrevolutionweresoimpressivethatphilosophersdevelopedwholenewtheoriesofknowledgetotrytoexplainhowscientistsappearedtohaveusedobservationandreasontodiscoverfundamentaltruths.Indoingso,scientistsattemptedtodismisswhatlogicianshaveknownforlong:thatnoamountofcorrectlypredictedeffectscanproveasupposedcause.Butdon’tthesuccessesofNewtonianmechanicsprovethatthelawsNewtonproposedmustreallybetrue?OtherwisehowcouldthetheoryhavepickedasinglespotinthevastexpanseoftheuniverseandfoundexactlywhereNeptunewas?Thingsdonotalwaysworkoutthisway,however.In1859,astronomersdeterminedthattheorbitofMercurywasnotbehaving,overtime,asNewtonianmechanicspredicted.Soanothernewplanet（namedVulcan）wasproposed.UnlikethepredictionofNeptune’sexistence,thissuppositiondidnotpanout;rather,Newtonianmechanicswasanincorrecttheoryinthiscontext.Adifferentscientifictheory-Einstein’stheoryofrelativity—wasrequiredtolaterexplainMercury’smovement.So,whatreallyhelpscredibilitymore?Toinsistthatweknowthatatoms,blackholes,anddarkmatterarerealbecauseofhowmanyobservationswecanexplainandpredictionswecanmakebysupposingtheirexistence?Ortosimplyadmitthatsciencecannotsupportaclaimofabsolutetruthregardingtheabstract,unobservedscientificobjectsandlawsthatareproposedtogovernthisworld?Onecouldarguethatifscientistsdon’tbangthegong（锣）of“truth”,thenitmayonlyquickenthedismissalofscienceasjustanotheropinion.However,Iwouldarguethatthispositiondoesnotgivetheintendedaudienceenoughcredit,andthatclaimingabsolutetruthdoesmoreharmthangood,notonlyfortheinteractionofsciencewiththepublic,butforthepracticeofscience.Ifdataareimportanttothesciences,thenletusacceptthehistoricaldataonscienceitself.63.WhichofthefollowingdidthelawsofNewtonfailtoprovideaccuratepredictionsfor?A.TheplanetofMercuryvariedinitscomposition.B.Halley’scometarrivedlaterthannormalin1759.C.Neptunewaslocatedwhereitwasexpectedtobe.D.TheSunhadanotherplanetnamedVulcan.64.Whydoesthewritermentionlogiciansinparagraph3?A.Tointroduceanotherwayofscientificthinking.B.Toimplywhatmistakescientistsmayhavemade.C.Tomakeacomparisonbetweenlogiciansandscientists.D.Tohelpexplainthecauseandeffectofcertainphenomena.65.Thephrase“panout”（inparagraph5）mostprobablymeans______.A.appear B.bedivided C.shrink D.beproved66.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthewritermostlikelytoagreewith?A.Onlybyenoughobservationscanatheorybeprovedtrue.B.Nevercanweruleoutthepossibilitythatatheoryiswrong.C.Einstein’stheoryofrelativityworksbetterthananyothertheoryinastronomy.D.Newtonianmechanicsdoesn’tfittodayscontextbecauseitwasestablishedlongago.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentences;givenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.ItmademerealizehowignorantIwas.B.Thoughshelovedher86-year-oldgrandmothershehadfoundithardtovisither.C.BothKarolineandNickfoundmakingtheprogramlifechanging.D.Afterward,bothofthemdescribedthe“invisibility”ofbeingold.E.Thentheyhadtoliveeachday,foramonth.asanoldperson.F.NickwasalsonearlyrobbedwhenhewastakingmoneyoutofanATM.TradingAgesIttookfivehourseverymorningtomakeKarolineandNicklooklikeelderlypeopleintheirseventies.Theyweregivenasyntheticwrinkledskin,falseteeth.andfalsehair.Theyalsoworebodysuitstomakethemlookfatterandcontactlensestomaketheireyeslookolder.Thediscomfortofthemakeup,theheavysuits,andthecontactlenses（whichmadetheireyesightworse）gavethemasmalltasteofthephysicalproblemsofoldage.Theywerealsocoachedtowalkandspeaklikepeopleintheirseventies.67.Therewasavideodiarytorecordtheirexperiencesandhiddencamerastorecordhowotherpeoplereactedtothem.68Karolinewasastonishedtobeignoredbysomeworkmen,whoonlyhoursbeforehadbeenwhistlingatherwhenshehadbeenanattractiveyoungwoman.Nicksaid,“Ilearnedthathowpeopletreatyoudependsonwhatyoulooklike.”Ononeoccasionabusdrivertreatedhimveryrudelywhenhetriedtopayhisfarewithalargebill.“Iwasamazed.Hewouldn’thavetalkedlikethattomyyoungself.”ThereisapointinthedocumentarywhenKarolinebreaksdownandcries.Itcomesattheendofadayoutwithhertwonewseniorcitizenfriends,BettyandSylvia.Itispartlybecauseshefeelsguiltythatsheistrickingthem,butmainlybecausesherealizesthattheyareindividuals,andnotjustmembersofwhatshehadpreviouslythoughtofas“theelderly.”“TheyweretalkingaboutrealthingsandIfeltunqualified.Theyhadbeenthroughsomuch.69.ItwasasifIwasseeingtheyoungpeopleinsidethem.BeforeIwouldhavejustseenthewrinkles.”70Nicksaid,“I’dneverthoughtaboutgettingoldbefore.”Karolinesaid,“Thewholeexperienceoflivingasanoldpersonhelpedmetounderstandthemfarbetterandalsotounderstandmyself.Ifeltinawaythattheywerejustyoungpeopleinanoldbodytryingtodealwiththeproblemsofoldage.I’mnotreadytobe73,butI’mnotscaredlikeIwas.”IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Brainpower:UseItorLoseIt?Wherebrainpowerisconcerned,theoldruleof‘useit,orloseit’holdstruefromthestart.Babieswhoreceiveloveandencouragementfromtheirparentsdeveloptheneural（神经的）connectionstheyneedtogetoninlife.Butwhathappenstothosewhofailtogetthissupport?Itwouldbecomfortingtobelievethatsuchchildrenescapelongtermdamagebybeingtooyoungtospeak,orknowanydifferent,buttheevidencesuggestsotherwise.AtarecentmeetingoftheRoyalSocietyofMedicine,theparticipantswereshownslidestakenwithapowerfulscannercomparingthebrainsof‘normal’three-year-oldwiththosewhohadbeenraisedinpovertyorinorphanages.TheworkwasdonebyBrucePerryoftheChildTraumaAcademyinHouston,Texas.Thescansshowedthatthefrontal-temporalareasofthebrain,thoseresponsibleforpersonalityandenablingapersontodisplayandregulateemotions,showedlittleactivity.Foryearsithaslongbeenkn