2017-2018学年上海市华二附中高三下英语三月月考

华中师大二附中2018届高三3月月考英语时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分GrammarandVocabulary(20%)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.NewEngland,USAisthevacationlandofmanypeoplefromotherpartsofthecountry,becausetherearesomanylakes,waterfalls,andbeautifulspotsforcamps,streamsforfishing,andintheMainewoodsplacesforhuntingdeerandmouse.InNewHampshiretherearemountainscalledtheWhiteMountainsandoneoftheseWhiteMountain,(name)afterourFirstPresident,isMountwashington.Itisthehighestmountaininthispartofthecountry,andjust(22)itissohighmanypeopleliketoclimbit.AllalongtheNewEnglandcoastareplaces(23)peoplegotospendthesummer,becausethispartofthecountryissocoolwhiletherestofthecountryissohot.ButthethingthatNewEnglandis(24)(proud)ofitsschoolsandcolleges.Intheirmillstheymakethings,andintheirschoolsandcollegestheymakemen.TwoofthemostnotedcollegesinthecountryareinNewEngland-YaleisinConnecticutandHarvardisinMassachusetts.HarvardistheoldestcollegeintheUnitedStates.(25)(stick)outfromMassachusettslikealong,(26)(bend)finger,(27)___-signalingpeopleacrossthewatertocometoMassachusetts,isapieceoflandcalledCapelCod.Itwasnamedinhonorofthecoldfish,becausecodfisharesoplentifulinthosewaters,andtheyarecaughtanddried(28)greatquantitiesandshippedeverywhere.ThefingerofCapeCodhasbeckonedto(召唤)peopleof(29)landsthanEngland.PeoplewhospeakstrangelanguageshavecometoNewEnglandtoworkinfactoriesandmills,(30)nowalmostonequarterofthepeopleinNewEnglandarenotfromEngland;theyarenotYankees.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.huntingB.entertainC.sensibleD.historyE.compositionF.sensitiveG.standingH.researchL.currentlyJ.nativeK.approximatelyOumuamua,anobjecttumbli翻转)throughspacehatwasdiscoveredonOctober19th,hasalreadymade(31).Thespeedatwhichitismovingrelativetothesunmeansthatitcannotbe(32)thesolarsystem.Itsofficiald称号n)tii3Drthus1I2017U1,with“e”(33)for"intefstellar星际的)”-thefirsttimethisdesignationhaseverbeenused.Thatisexciting.Somescientists,thoug(34)anevenmoreexcitingpossibility:Oiwhiaamlitfisnotanaster小i行星)asmostthink,butanalienspacecraft?Asteroidscomeinallsortsofshapesandsizes,but"Oumuamuaseemsparticulodd.Asbestasastronomerscantell,itiscigarlike,being(35)180metreslongbutonlyaboutmetreswide.Thatmakesitlongerandthinnerthananythingknoiwntohfeisnoltahresystem.Suchashapewouldbea(36)choiceforaspaceship,sinceitwouldminimizethescouringeffectofintdust.WiththatinmindtheBreakthroughListenProject,anorganiza(ti3o7n)de_v_o_t_e_d_tforalienlifep,lanstoturntheworld'sbiggeststeerableradiotelescope,theGreenBankinstrumentinVirgintowardsoumuamuatoseeifitcanhearanythinginteresting.Oumuamuais(38)abouttwiceasffromEarthasEarthisfromthesun.Atthatrange,thetelescopeshouldbe(39)enoughtopickuptransmitteraboutaspowerfulasamobilephoneafterjustafewbeconds-worthofobservations,willanything?Almostcertainlynot,Oumuamuahasthesamereddishcolourasmanyasteroids,sopresumablyhasasimilar(40).And,ifitreallyisaspaceship,itisoddthatsignsofitsartificialorigseenalready-andalsooddthatitistumbling.Itcould,intheory,bedeserted.Butinthatcasetheunlikelytohearanything.Byfarthemostlikelyoptionisthatitisexactlywhatitseemstobe:ahunkofspacerock,althoughonethathascometothesolarsystemfromthevastvoidsbetweenthestIILReadingComprehension(45%)SectionADirection:sForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefewwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandDFillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.MargaretThatcherwasknownforavoicethatdidnotallowanydisagreem(en4t1,)_W_h_i_l_e_,stillshehadtakenelocuti演n讲术)lessonstosoundmoreforceful.Despitethis,shew3soften(42interviewsasprimeministera,ndin1982,threeresearchersetouttounderstandwhyT.heyplayedclipsfromoneofherinterviewstoavarietyofpeople.Theclipsincludedsectionsthatendedininterruption-while(43)outtheinterruptionsthemselves.Moreoftenthannot,thosehearingtheinterruptedphrasesthoughtthattheprimeministerwas(44)herconversationalturn.Itseemsherinterviewerhadcometoa(45)conclusion.Why?Conversation,itturnsout,isafinelytunedmachine,asNickEnfield,alinguistattheUniversityofSydney,suggestsin"HowWeTalk.Humansmostlyfollowarulecalled"no(46),nooverlap重叠)”,reactingtotheendofaconversationaltumbybeginningtheirowninabout200milliseconds-aboutthetimeittakesasho-distaperumnerto(47)tothestartinggun.Thisisallthemoreremarkable(48)ittakesabout600millisecondsforsomeonetoworkoutwhattheyaregoingtosaybymentallyfindingthewordsandorganizinghowtheyaretobeexpressed.People,(49)mustplantobeginspeakingbeforetheirconversation(50)hasstopped.ThatrequiresafineattentionotheCuessignallingtheendofaturn,suchasalengtheningofsyllablesandadropinpitch(音高).Asithappens,usingadownwardshiftofpitchisalsoafrequentpieceofadvicegiventothosewhowanttosoundmore(51)-likeThatcher.Theresearchersstudyingthetimesshewasinterruptedfoundpreciselythatasharp(52)inherpitchaccuratelypredictedaninterruption.(53)popularassumptions,manydynamicsofthe"conversationalmachine"aresimilarfromculturetoculture,somethingthatMrEnfield(54)bylookingatbothbigandsmalllanguagesinrichandpoorcountriesalike.Forexample,thoughtheJapaneseareoftensaidtobepolite,theyhaveoneoftheshortengapsbeforestartingconversationalreplies.Inanswering“Yes"or“No”toaquestion,theJapanese,onaverage,evenreplybeforethequestion'sturnisover.ThisisnotbecametheJapaneseare(55).Quitetheopposite.AnsweringquicklymovesthecommonalongIngeneral,twopeoplespeakingtrytohelpeachother.Andtoaremarkabledegree,theysucceed.41.A.inchildhoodB.inoppositionC.inresidenceD.introuble42.A.applaudedB.protestedC.interruptedD.echoed43.A.comingB.bringingC.editingD.acting44.A.endingB.beginningC.waitingD.missing45.A.distinctB.similarC.qualifiedD.reasonable46.A.overflowB.respectC.tapD.gap47.A.stickB.adaptC.respondD.apply48.A.aslongasB.inorderthatC.eventhoughD.giventhat49.A.thereforeB.howeverC.moreoverD.nevertheless50.A.courseB.interactionC.turnD.partner51.A.approachableB.availableC.authoritativeD.sociable52.A.riseB.dropC.waveD.stop53.A.ContrarytoB.AccordingtoC.IntermsofD.Considering54.A.assumesB.employsC.impliesD.demonstrates55.A.politeB.rudeC.traditionalD.emotionalSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingatreepassages,Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.B.CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Mrs.Bridgesaidthatshejudgedpeoplebytheirshoesandbytheirmannersatthetable.Ifsomeoneworeshoeswithrun-overheels,orshoesthathadnotbeenshinedforalongtime,orshoeswithbrokenlaces,youcouldbeprettysurethispersonwouldbecarelessinotherthingsaswell.Andtherewasnobetterwaytojudgeapersonsbackgroundthanbywatchinghimorheratthetable.Thechildrenlearneditwasimpolitetotalkwhileeating,ortochewwiththemouthopen,andastheygrewoldertheylearnedthemoresubtlemannersnottobutteranentiresliceofbread,nottotakemorethanonebiscuitatatime,unless,ofcourse,thehostessshouldinsist.Theyweretaughttokeeptheirelbowsclosetotheirsideswhilecuttingmeat,andtoholdtheutensilsinthetipsoftheirfingers.Theyresistedthetemptationtosupupthegravywithapieceofbread,andtheymadesuretoleavealittleofeverything-notenoughtobecalledwasteful,butjustalittletoindicatethemealhadbeensuitAndally,theylearnedthataladyoragentlemandoesnotfoldupanapkinaftereatinginapublicplace.ThegirlsabsorbedthesematterswithgreaterfacilitythanDouglas,whotendedtoaskthesonforeverything,sometimesobservingthathethoughtitwasallprettysilly.Heseemedparticularlyunabletoeatwithhislefthandlyinginhislap;hewantedtoleaveitonthetable,toprophimselfup,usitwere,andclaimedbegotabackachewithonearminhislap.Mrs,Bridgetoldhimthiswasabsurd,andwhenhewantedtoknowwhyhecouldnotputhiselbowonthetableshereplied,"Doyouwanttobedifferentfromeveryoneelse?”Douglaswasdoubtful,butafteralongsilence,andundertheweightofhismother'stranquilgaze,heatlastconcludedhedidn't.TheAmericanhabitofswitchingimplement,however,continuedtogivehimtroubleandmakehimrebellious.Withelaboratecarehewouldputdowntheknife,reachhighacrosshisplateanddescendontheleftsidetopickupthefork,raisingithighovertheplateagainashereturnedtothestartingposition."Nowsopactingridiculous,"shetoldhimonedayatlunch.Well,IsurebettheEgyptiansdon'thavetoeatthisway,”hemuttered,giving“Egyptians”avengefulemphasis.“Idoubtiftheydo,sherepliedcalmly,expertlycuttingatriangleofpineapplefromhersalad,"butyou'renotanEgyptinn,SoyoueatthewayAmericanseat,andthat'sfinal.”56.WhichofthefollowingwasconsideredacceptabletablemannersbyMrs.BridgeFoldupanapkinafterhavingamealinapublicplaceTakemorethanonebiscuitsifthehostessinsistsPuttheelbowonthetablewhileeatingButteranentiresliceofbread57.Douglasclaimedthathegotabackachewithonearminhislap,because.A.hedidn'twanttobedifferentfromothershewasworriedthathisbackmightachesoonnooneansweredhisquestionaboutthetablemannershehadtofindanexcusefornotobeyingtherules58.WhatdidDouglasmeanbysaying"IsurebettheEgyptiansdon'thavetoeatthisway"?HethoughtitridiculoustohavethestrangeoldtablemannersB.Hedidn'tthinkAmericansshouldlearnfromtheEgyptians.C.HethoughtEgyptiansusedtohavestrictrulesabouteatingD.Hehopedthathismotherscouldgiveintohimifheinsisted.what'stheprobablereasonwhyMrsBridgeputmuchemphasisontablemanners?Shebelievedthatgoodtablemannersisareflectionofherfamily'ssocialpositionShedidn'twantherfamilytobeconsideredwastefulC.Shethoughtitnecessarytocultivateherchildren'sgoodeatinghabitsD.ShefounditembarrassingtoobeyhersonswishesBWewanttomaketheworldabetter,fairerplace.Wewanttokeepthepowerfulhonest.Andwebelievethatdoingsomeanskeepingsocietyinformedbyproducingquality,independentjournalism,whichdiscoversandtellsreadersthetruth.It'sessentialforthefunctionofdemocracy.Andouruniqueownershipstructuremeansnoonecantellustocensorordropastory.Butit'sdifficultandexpensivework.WhilemorepeoplearereadingtheGuardianthaneverbefore,farfewerareprayingforit.Andadvertisingrevenuesacrossthemediaarefallingfast.Soifyoureadus,ifyoulikeus,ifyouvalueourperspective-thenbecomeaSupporterandhelpmakeourfuturemoresecure.$6.99istheamountmoneyyoushouldpayas.amonthlysubscriptiontotheGuardiantheminimumdonationtotheGuardianthefreetobecomeaGuardianSupporteramonththemembershipfreetojointheGuardianjournalismclubItcanbeinferredfromthearticlethat.arichownerprpowerfulshareholdersarethefoundationforasuccessfulnewspaperliketheGuardian.ifmorepeoplereadtheGuardian,thenewspapercanearnmorethroughadvertisements.makingabetterandfairerworldforthefuturegenerationiseveryone'snoblemission.theGuardianisfaithfultotheprincipleofthetruthdespitetheuniversallychallengingfinancialclimate.WhichofthefollowingisthemosteffectivedevelopmentstrategyemployedbytheGuardian?Publishingad-freenewspapersforhigh-rankreaders.Restrictingfreeonlinenewspapertomembersonly.Temptingpotentialsubscribersbyofferingattractivewelcomegifts.Arousingreaders'prideinsupportingahigh-qualitynewspaper.CPrivacyisnecessaryforhumansocietytofunction.Theproblemisnotthattheinformationexistsbutthatitreachesthewrongpeople.InformationontheInternetcouldbringgreatbenefitstosociety,andtoindividuals,whenhugedatasets（数据集集）canyieldinformationotherwiseunavailable.Butoncetheinformationisgathered,aprecautionaryprinciplehastoapply.ItisunreasonabletoagreewithJohnPerryBarlow,theInternetrightspioneer,whenhewittilyremarkedthat"relyingonthegovernmenttoprotectyourprivacyislikeaskingapeepingTomtoinstallyourwindowblinds";butitdoesnothelpwhenitappearsthateverythingthepublicsectordoeswiththehugedatasetsithaswillbeoverseenbythemedia.Governmentsneedtokeepourtrust;buttechnologywearsawayprivacyintwoways.Thefirstissimplysmartphones.MostBritons-70%-nowcarryaroundwiththemdeviceswhichrecordandreporttheirlocation,theirfriendsandtheirinterestsallthetime.ThesecondistheeasewithwhichtwoormoredatasetscanbecombinedtobringoutsecretsthatareapparentinneithersetonitsownNownearly90%oftheUSpopulationcanbeuniquelyidentifiedsimplybycombiningtheirgender,dateofbirthandpostalcode.Allkindsofthingscanbereliablyinferredfromfreelyavailabledata:fourlikesonFacebookareusuallyenoughtorevealaperson'sstandardofspouseselection.Underlyingsuchproblemsishumanpsychology.NooneforcesanybodytorevealtheirpreferencesonFacebook.Thelatestspectacularbreach（泄露）ofprivacycamewhentheexerciseappStravapublishedaglobalmapofthe3trilliondatapointsitsusershaduploaded,whichturnedouttorevealthelocationofsecretUSmilitarybasesaroundtheworld.ButthechancetoboastaboutwhereyouhavebeenandhowfastyouweremovingisexactlywhatmakesStravapopular.Psychology,asmuchastechnology,madethisamassivesecuritybreachTheusersgaveenthusiasticconsent（允许），butitwasfantasticallyill-informed.Thenagainhowcouldanyonegiveinformedconsentwhennoteventhefirmsthatcollectthedatacanknowhowitwillbeused?Theprotectionofprivatedatafromunintentionaldisclosure。公开）isprimarilyasocialorpsychologicalproblem.What'sneededisachanceofattitudeamongthosewhoharvestandprocessthedata.Theyneedconstantlytoaskthemselves-ortobeaskedbysociety-howthisinformationcouldbeusedforharm,andhowtopreventthatfromhappening.Theunderlinedword“overseen”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto“”AsupervisedB.disturbedC.overlookedD.underestimatedTheStravaincidentisrecalledtoindicate.usersshouldhavestoppedtheappfrompubliclybroadcastingtheirlocationusersshouldbereliablyinformedbeforegivingconsentforaccesstotheirdatausersgiveawaytheirpersonaldatatosatisfytheirbasichumandesiresusershavelostconfidenceinthegovernmenttoprotecttheirprivacyAccordingtothewriter,thekeytosolvingprivacyproblemsis.fortechnicianstoupgradesmartphonesystemsandinstructsocialmediabehaviorfordataproviderstogiveinformedconsentbeforeusinganyappCforthegovernmenttobantheunapprovedinformationexchangebetweendatasetsD.forthedatacollectorstoensuretheappropriateuseofdataWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TwodatasetsarebetterthanoneB.It'sthepsychology,stupidTechnology:atwo-edgedswordNoprivacyontheInternet,expertswarnSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Theyhavealreadyreplacedbankcashiersandwillsoonbereplacinglorrydrivers,usingmorepeopletolosetheirjobs.Theexperienceofpastindustrialrevolutionssuggeststhatresistingtechnologicalchangeispointless.Driverlesscars,forinstance,arepossiblebecauseintelligentmachinescansenseandhaveconversationswitheachother.OnsomeestimatestheUKeconomywillbe10%biggerby2030astheresultofartificialintelligencealone.Technologicalchangeishappeningfastandithaseconomic,socialandotherconsequences.Treatingthesefirmswitharobottaxdoesnotseemlikeasmartidea.AnewsortofconveniencestoreopenedinthebasementoftheheadquartersofAmazoninSeattleinJanuary.Customerswalkin,scantheirphones,pickwhattheywantofftheshelvesandwalkoutagain.AtAmazonGotherearenocheckoutsandnocashiers.Instead,itiswhatthetechgiantcalls“justwalkout"shopping,madepossiblebyanewgenerationofmachinesthatcansensewhichandwhattheyarepickingofftheshelves.Withinaminuteortwooftheshopperleavingthestore,areceiptpopsupontheirphoneforitemstheybought.Thisistheshapeofthingstocomeinfoodretaili(i零售业).67..ThereisadownsidetoAmazonGo,eventhoughconsumersbenefitfromlowerpricesanddon'twastetimeinqueues.Thestoreisonlyopentoshopperswhocandownloadanappontheirsmartphone,whichrulesoutthosewhorelyonwelfarefoodstamps.Changeisalwaysdisturbingbutthelikelyresultofthenextwaveofautomationwillbeespeciallycelebrated.68..Theycandothingsorwilleventuallybeabletodothingsthatwereoncetheexclusivepreserveofhumans.That,however,meanshighergrowthbutalsotheriskthattheownersofthemachinesgetricherandricherwhilethosedisplacedgetangrierandangrier.69..Arobottaxataxthatfirmswouldpayifmachinesweretakingtheplaceofhumans-wouldslowdownthepaceofautomationbymakingthemachinesmoreexpensivebutthistoohascosts,especiallyforacountrysuchasBritain,whichhasaproblemwithlowinvestment,lowproductivityandashrunkenindustrialbase.TheUKhas33robotunitsper10,000workers,comparedwith93intheUSand213inJapan,whichsuggeststheneedformoreautomationnotless.Ontheplusside,theUKhasmoresmallandmedium-sizedcompaniesinartificialintelligencethanGermanyorFrance.70..Thebigissueisnotwhethertherobotsarecoming,becausetheyare.Itisnotevenwhethertheywillboostgrowth,becausetheywill.SummaryWriting(10%)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandmainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WhenIsHealthyFoodtheBestMedicine?Whenit'sFreeThatoldsaying“Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway"mayholdsometruth.Infact,onestudyfoundthatin2012,almosthalfofthedeathsinAmericacausedbyheartdisease,stroke,andtype2diabetes（n型糖尿病病）werelinkedtopoordiet.Butknowingyoushouldeathealthfullyandactuallydoingitaretwodifferentthings,andmakingtherightchoiceisn'tanyeasierwhenapoundofgrapescostsmorethantwiceasmuchasapoundofpasta（意大利面）TheFreshFoodPharmacyaimstochangethat.ApilotprogramcreatedbytheGeisingerHealthSystem,ahospitalnetworkinPennsylvaniaandsouthernNewJersey,thispharmacyresemblesagrocerystorestockedwithfreshproduce,leanmeats,cannedbeans,andmore.Evenbetter,it'sallfree.Undertheprogram,patientswithtype2diabetesandqualifyingincomeareprescribedaweek'sworthoffoodfortheirentirehousehold,anddietitians（营养师）showthemhowtotransformitintohealthymeals.Afterthefirstyear,all180participantshadimprovedinkeyhealthmeasurements,inparticulartheirhemoglobinAlclevels（HbAlc）,thegoldstandardfortrackingbloodsugarcontrol.In2012,theestimatedcostsassociatedwithdiabetesintheUnitedSt