04-08北外高翻英汉互译

北京外国语大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）OutsideEurope,themostimportantpowersin1939wereundoubtedlyJapanandtheUnitedStates.JapanwasatthetimealreadydeeplyinvolvedinhostilitieswithChina.Afterseizingthenorthernprovincesofthatcountryin1931andorganizingthemintothepuppetstateofManchukuo,JapanhadtriedtoprotectitsrichlootandtoexpanditsinfluenceinChinabyaseriesofinterventions,particularlyintherestofnorthernChina.Thesestepshadnotsurprisinglyproducedarisingtideofanti-JapanesesentimentsinChina,whichinturnledtheJapanesetoembroilthemselvesevenmoredeeplyintoChineseaffairs.WhenthistendencytointerfereinChinawascombinedwithadegreeofinternalconfusionandincoherencewithintheJapanesegovernmentthatmadetheChinesewarlordsofthetimelookwellorganized,newtroublewasalmostcertaintofollow.（141words）二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）Inflation:China‘sleastwantedexportWheninflationstartstokillpeoplethenitisaseriousproblem.Threepeoplediedand31wereinjuredonSaturdayinastampedetobuycut-pricecookingoilinthewesternChinesecityofChongqing.Chinacannolongerexplainawayinflationasashort-termresultoffloodsandepidemicsofanimaldisease?norcanitignorethestrainsitsmacroeconomicpoliciesareproducing.Cookingoilisaspecialcase?itspriceinfluencedbydemandfromChina‘sglutofnewbiofuelrefineries?butthebroaderpriceoffoodhasriseninrecentmonthsbymorethan15percentcomparedwithayearearlier.FloodsandotheractsofGodhavehadtheireffect,ashastheglobalriseinwheatprices,buttherearestructuralforcesatworkaswell.Norisinflationconfinedtofoodanylonger:producerpricesarecreepingup.ThePPIformanufacturedgoodswasup3.2percentinOctober?manysteelproductsrosebymorethan10percent?andthePPIislikelytogoevenhigherwhentherecent10percenthikeinthecontrolledpumppriceofdieselfeedsthrough.Giventhelikelihoodthatmorestate-controlledpriceswillhavetorise,andgiventhattheofficialinflationdatadonotproperlycaptureimportantprices,suchasthecostofeducation,therealsituationmaybeevenworse.Thatisaworryfortherestoftheworld,usedtoenjoyingthe''Chinaprice”,aseeminglyopen-endeddeflationarypressureontheworldeconomy.ThesurgeinChineseinflationsinceJunehasbarelyfedthroughintoexportpricesy?tbutitwill.China‘scurrencyhasalsobeengentlyappreciating,butsofarimprovementsinproductivityhavemeantthatChinesemanufacturershavenotneededtoraiseexportprices.Ifcurrencyappreciationspeedsup,thatwillchange.TherenminbimayhavetorisefasterbecausethetoolsthatChinaisusingtotackleinflationhavenotworked.Bankreserverequirementswerehikedagainovertheweekend,to13.5percent,butthestrainonthebankingsector‘sprofitabilitywillstarttotell.Interestrateshaverisenrepeatedly,butwithCPIinflationabove6percent,andbenchmarklendingratesonlyslightlyhigher,realinterestratesarelow.Theremustnowbealow,butnon-zero,probabilitythatChinaoptsforaone-offrevaluationoftherenminbiinordertoeaseitsdomesticmonetaryproblems.Thatwouldbetherightmove.TheadjustmentwouldbeeasierbothforChinaandfortherestoftheworldiftherenminbihadnotbeenkeptsolowforsolong.Butthepainofunwindingglobalimbalanceswillonlygetworsethelongertheyareleft.（451words）三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）科学发展观是协调的发展观。唯物辩证法认为，世界是普遍联系的，任何事物的发展必然与其他事物相互联系、相互制约，只有协调好各方面关系，才能实现健康发展；否则，只能是畸形的发展。要实现全面发展，就必须立足新的历史起点，处理好由发展的阶段性特征所伴生的新矛盾和新问题，因此，协调发展是实现全面发展的正确道路和政策途径。协调发展，是指各个方面的发展要相互适应，就是要统筹城乡发展、统筹区域发展、统筹经济社会发展、统筹人与自然和谐发展、统筹国内发展和对外开放，促进现代化建设各个环节、各个方面相协调，促进生产关系与生产力、上层建筑与经济基础相协调。（268字）四、将下列短文译为英语（50分）无论如何，创造财富的物质资源，不论其初始分配如何，最终是要通过各种各样的渠道，流入到具有企业家精神的人手里，这是自由市场的一个基本趋势。这些人获得对他人的财富的支配权、使用权，以之为自己创造财富，并积累财富。这正是自由市场具有效率的根源。它可以动态地、自发地把资源从资源利用效率较低的人手里转移到资源利用效率较高的人手里。中国人讲''富不过三代〃，其中有一些无奈，但也揭示了自由市场的精髓所在：财富本身并不能充当财富的保障。因为，财富本来就不是财富创造出来的。所以，由于企业家精神积累了财富的人的后代，未必总是能够最有效地利用他们手里所掌握的资源。如果是在身份制社会，这就将损害全社会的资源利用效率。而自由市场向这些家庭提供了足够的制度安排，使之自然地将其掌握资源交给富有企业家精神的人控制。假如他们不愿意这样做，那市场就会无情地淘汰他们，以破产倒闭的方式使其交出对资源的控制权。市场总是顽固地要把资源转移到能力最高的企业家手里。权力控制经济的社会、身份制社会、国有企业制度，都无法做到这一点，因而其经济整体效率必然要比市场配置资源的社会低很多。所以，假如人们期望市场发挥其高效配置资源的功能，那就根本没有必要去操心成功的企业家退休之时如何安排企业的未来。反正财富、资源是要向具有企业家精神的人手里集中的，只要市场是自由的，这种趋势无人能够改变。那么，对社会来说，最重要的事情是设计种种健全的制度，让那些不具有企业家精神的人可以方便地将其资源控制交给富有企业家精神的人，而企业家只要可以充分发挥其企业家精神、其财产权得到切实保障，自然可以发现、创造出这些制度来。（680字）2007年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷I.将下列短文译成汉语（25分）After28yearsofreform,Chinafaceschallengesofanunprecedentedscale,complexity,andimportance.Chinahasalreadyliberalizeditsmarkets,openeduptoforeigntradeandinvestment,andbecomeaglobaleconomicpowerhouse.Nowitsleadersandpeoplemustdealwithpopulardissatisfactionwithlocalgovernment,environmentaldegradation,scarcenaturalresources,anunderdevelopedfinancialsystem,aninadequatehealth-caresystem,arestlessruralpopulation,urbanizationonamassivescale,andincreasingsocialinequality.Mostoftheseproblems,ofcourse,haveexistedthroughouttheperiodofreform.Whatisdifferentnowisthatthepaceofchangeisacceleratingwhiletheabilityofthestatetomanagethatchangeisnotkeepingpace.Solvinganyoneoftheseproblemsbyitselfwouldbeaformidabletask.AndtheChinesegovernmenttodayfindsitharderthanevertoattract,develop,andretaintalent.Graduatesfromthecountry'stopuniversities,whooncewouldhavefilledgovernmentposts,areinsteadchoosingtotakejobsintheprivatesector.Moreover,thestructureofthecountry'sbureaucracystiflesinitiativeandpromotesmediocrity.Worse,manyofficials,fromthevillagetothecentralgovernment,arecorrupt,erodingthegovernment'seffectivenessandfeedingpopulardiscontent.OfallofChina'schallenges,noneismorecritical--ormoredaunting--thanthatofnurturinganewgenerationofleaderswhoareskilled,honest,committedtopublicservice,andaccountabletotheChinesepeopleasawhole.（236）III.将下列短文译成英语（25分）中国特色社会主义社会是一个变革的社会，是一个开放的社会，是一个不断发展和完善的社会。改革开放是决定中国命运的重大决策，要贯穿社会主义社会发展的全过程。只有坚持改革开放，才能不断激发亿万人民的积极性和创造性，解放和发展生产力，永葆社会主义的生机与活力。我们要坚定不移地推进经济体制改革，建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制，贯彻落实科学发展观，促进国民经济持续快速健康发展。同时，要积极推进政治体制改革、文化体制改革和社会管理体制改革，促进社会主义物质文明、政治文明、精神文明与和谐社会建设全面协调发展。（248节选自领导人讲话）2006年北外高翻的同传试卷2006年北外高翻同传试卷Aradicalchangeinmentalitiesisunderwaybothinthepublicsector,whichhasnowbeenforcedtoadmitthatitsownmeansofactionareinsufficienttomeettheirdevelopmenttargets,andtheprivatesector,whichisbecomingawareofitscapacitytocontributetothedevelopingcountries'emergenceontheworldstageintheroleoffuturepartnersinlocalandglobalmarkets.Dialoguecanbeestablishedwithintheframeworkofanalreadyincreasingnumberofforums,aswellasinprojectformulation.Thepresenceofothercivilsocietyactorsandsupportfromtheinternationalorganizations-asmuchinthethinkinganddebateasintheactionsundertaken-arecrucialfactorsorenablingpeopletomakesenseofthenewprospectsforcooperation.Thenewtwenty-firstcenturyworldorderdemandsthatdecision-makingbeopeneduptodialoguewithnewactors.Civilsociety'sinnovativeenergyhasalreadyproducedagoodnumberofimportantinitiativesandproposalsinmanyareas.Andthebusinessworldofferseconomicresourcesandknow-howthatcangreatlycontributetodevelopmentstrategydeploymentandthepromotionofculturaldiversity.ThesearethereasonsbehindtheUnitedNationsSecretary-General'sdecisiontolaunchthe“GlobalCompact"programme,whichoutlinesabasiccodeofethicsforprivatesectorpartnership.UNESCOintendstoestablishculturalpatronageagreementswithbusinessesaimed,interalia,atsupportingtheinitiativesofcountriesintheSouth.Economistshavelongbeenanaturalconstituencyinfavorofgrowth.Sinceeventherichestcountryhaslimitedresources,thecentraleconomicproblemischoice:Shallwefundtaxcutsfortherichorinvestmentininfrastructureandresearchanddevelopment,warinIraqorassistanceforthepoorindevelopingcountriesandourown?Byprovidingmoretotalresources,growthshould,intheory,makethesechoiceslesspainful.TheUnitedStates,however,haspowerfullydemonstratedthatwhilegrowthincreasessupply,italsoraisesaspirations.Choicesthatrichcountrieshavetomakethusseemtobenoeasierthanthoseconfrontingpoorcountries,eventhoughthetradeoffsaremoreheart-wrenchinginthecaseofthepoor.Brazil,forexample,mustchoosewhethertouseitslimitedhealthbudgettopayfull-marketpriceforAIDSdrugs;someAIDSvictimsmayliveasaresult,butpeopleinneedofotherhealthcarewilldie,becausemoneythatcouldhavebeenspentontheirneedsissimplynotthere.Moregrowth-providedresources,inthisinstance,meanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.Still,growthhashaditscritics.Thereisawell-developedpopulistantigrowthliteratureconcernedwith,amongotherthings,theimpactofgrowthontheenvironmentandonpoverty.Historically,economistshavequestionedwhether,atleastintheearlystagesofdevelopment,growthisaccompaniedbysocietalgoodssuchasgreaterequalityandabetterenvironment.NobelPrize-winningeconomistSimonKuznetsargued,basedonexperienceslargelybeforeWorldWarII,thatthereisanincreaseininequalityintheearlystagesofdevelopment.ArthurLewis,anotherNobeleconomist,wentfurther:greaterinequality,heargued,isnecessarytogeneratethesavingsthatgrowthrequires.AlatergenerationofeconomistshaspositedtheexistenceofanenvironmentalKuznetscurve:theearlystagesofgrowthcauseenvironmentaldegradation,notenvironmentalhealth.Kuznetsandhisdescendantsheldouttheprospectthateventuallygrowthwouldbringmoresocialjustice(greaterequality,lesspoverty)andabetterenvironment.Butthereisnothinginevitableaboutthis--whichmeansthatevenifithasbeentrueinthepast,itmaynotbeinthefuture.InequalitydidseemtofallintheUnitedStatesaftertheGreatDepression,butinthelast30yearsithasincreasedenormously.Manyformsofpollutionhavegonedownasrichercountrieshaveturnedtheirmindtoair-qualityissues,butgreenhousegasemissions--withallthedangerstheypresentforglobalwarming--havecontinuedtoincreasewitheconomicgrowth,especiallyintheUnitedStates.中国是欧亚地区重要的国家。中国的发展离不开世界，更离不开欧亚地区。同样，世界的发展、欧亚地区的发展也离不开中国。中国的发展给世界各国尤其是欧亚地区国家带来重要机遇。中国稳定和谐的政治社会环境、丰富优秀的劳动力资源和潜力巨大的市场，为与世界各国尤其是欧亚地区国家开展互利互惠的经济合作提供了理想的场所。我们高兴地看到，通过这些年的不懈努力，中国的中西部地区和东北等老工业基地有了长足进步，呈现美好的发展前景。我们欢迎欧亚地区国家积极参与中国西部大开发和东北老工业基地振兴，增强中国与欧亚地区各国互利合作的生机与活力。欧亚地区国家与中国有传统友谊，经济互补性强，中国政府将鼓励、支持中国企业与欧亚地区发展贸易、投资办厂，实现共同发展。中国公司想创造世界品牌，外国公司想增加在中国的销量，这些都正改变着中国的设计产业。中国制造商意识到，若他们想在本国市场脱颖而出，在外国市场崭露头角，就必须设计更好的产品。索尼这样的外国公司也开始明白，从前海外公司常把随便什么地方设计的产品拿到中国来卖，而现在，中国消费者变得更加挑剔，他们不再那样容易满足了。尽管全球大量的电子产品和鞋等都是中国制造，但这些产品的设计都是在欧美或日本完成的。中国公司制造自己品牌的产品时，通常是模仿国外。但如今不同了，他们都想开创自己的品牌。随着中国公司在设计上的改进，跨国公司意识到，他们的产品需要专门针对中国消费者的品味进行“量身定做”了。这些使中国设计产业开始繁荣起来。中国公司开始建立设计中心或雇人帮他们打造自己的品牌。成百上千的设计顾问公司在上海、北京和广州涌现。国外年轻设计师也开始拥入中国，想在这个全球最有活力的消费市场上一试身手。现在，中国约有400所学院提供设计课程，每年有1万名毕业生。一些中国设计师获得国际大奖，许多人开始到米兰、东京、纽约等地工作。设计成为中国最热门的专业之一，甚至已渗入到社会生活中。2005年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷将下列短文译成汉语（25分）Whileassemblinganewnationalsecurityteam,PresidentGeorgeW.Bushisconfrontingwhatcouldbecomethebiggestchallengeofhissecondterm:howtocontainIran‘snuclearprogramandwhatAmericansbelieveisitssupportofviolenceinIsraelandinsurgentsinIraq.InaneerierepetitionofthepreludetctheIraq,hawksintheadministrationandcongressaretrumpetingominousdisclosuresaboutIran‘snuclearcapacitiestomakethecasethatIranisathreatthatmustbeconfronted,eitherbyeconomicsanctions,militaryaction,orregimechange.ButBritain,FranceandGermanyareurgingdiplomacy,placingtheirhopesinadealbrokeredbytheEuropeansinthepastweekinwhichIranagreedtosuspenditsuraniumenrichmentprograminreturnfordiscussionsaboutfutureeconomicbenefits.SecretaryofStateColinPowellthrusthimselfintothedebateonWednesdaybycommentingtoreporterswhileonthewaytoChilethatfreshintelligenceshowedthatIranwas—activelyworking"onaprogramtoenableitsmissilestocarrynuclearbombs,adevelopmenthesaid—shouldbeofconcerntoallparties."ThedisclosuresalludedtobyPowellwereseenbyhard-linersintheadministrationasanothersignofIranianperfidy,andbyEuropeansasnothingnew.AlthoughPowellhaspraisedthenegotiationsbetweentheEuropeansandIran,anadministrationofficialsaidtherewas''asteadytighteningofoutlookbetweenhawksanddoves"thatIranwillusethenegotiationsasapretexttocontinueitsnuclearprograminsecret.将下列文章译成汉语（50分）ThePatentClerk'sLegacyAlbertEinsteinloomsover20th-centuryphysicsasitsdefining,emblematicfigure.Hisworkalteredforeverthewayweviewthenaturalworld."Newton,pleaseforgiveme,"Einsteinbeggedasrelativitytheorywhollyobliteratedtheabsolutesoftimeandspacethatthereigningarbiterofallthingsphysicalhadembracedmorethantwocenturiesearlier.Withlittlemoretoshowthanarejecteddoctoralthesisfromafewyearsbefore,this26-year-oldpatentclerk,whopracticedphysicsinhissparetimeandontheslyatwork,declaredbrashlythatthephysicistsofhisdaywere"outof[their]depth"andwentontoproveit.Besidesspecialandgeneralrelativity,hisworkhelpedtolaunchquantummechanicsandmodernstatisticalmechanics.ChemistryandbiotechnologyoweadebttostudiesbyEinsteinthatsuppliedevidenceoftheexistenceofmoleculesandthewaystheybehave.Whatisevenmoreamazingisthathepurveyedmanyoftheseinsightsthroughaseriesofpapersthatappearedduringsinglemiraculousyear,1905.Noothercomparablyfertileperiodforindividualscientificaccomplishmentcanbefoundexceptduring1665and1666,whenIsaacNewton,confinedtohiscountryhometoescapetheplague,startedtolaythebasisforthecalculus,hislawofgravitationandhistheoryofcolors.Theinternationalphysicscommunityhassetaside2005astheWorldYearofPhysicsasatributetoEinstein'scentennial.Scientistsinmanyrealmsofphysicsandengineeringspentthe20thcenturytesting,realizingandapplyingtheideasfallingoutofEinstein'swork.Aseverybodyknows,Einstein'sE=mc2formulawasakeytotheatomicbomb--andallthehistorythatsprangfromit.Einstein'sexplanationofthephotoelectriceffectunderpinnedtechnologiesrangingfromphotodiodestotelevisioncameratubes.AhundredyearslatertechnologistsarestillfindingnewwaystoharvestnovelinventionsfromEinstein'stheories.Onemarkofgeniusrelatestcthelengthoftimeneededtofullyexplore,throughexperimentation,theimplicationsofanewtheory.Inthatsense,Einsteinisstillgoingstrong.Arecentlylaunchedspaceprobewillexaminevariouspredictionsofgeneralrelativity.Butphysicistsarenotwaitinguntiltheanswersareallinbeforeaskingwhatcomesnext.MuchofthemostexcitingworkinphysicsnowhasthemoreambitiousaimofgoingbeyondEinstein--oftranscendinghisideasandachievingataskakintotheonetowhichhedevotedthelast30yearsofhislife,righttohisdeathbed,withoutsuccess.将下列短文译成英语（25分）中国是一个发展中国家，也是一个负责任的国家。中国愿意为推进合作共赢、实现可持续发展做出自己的贡献。中国保持经济快速健康发展，对全球经济及地区经济发展有利。改革开放20多年来，中国经济年均增长9.4%,不仅成功解决了十几亿人的温饱问题，而且使中国人民的生活总体上达到小康水平。当前，中国经济发展总的形势很好。虽然经济运行中出现了一些问题，但在我们的宏观调控下，一些不健康、不稳定因素已经得到了有效抑制。将下列文章译成英语（50分）一位师范教师提醒家长，千万不要迷信专家和特殊的早教方案，家长自己才是孩子早期教育最好的老师。受狭隘早教观念影响，一些年轻父母热衷于迷信专家和特定环境的亲子游戏，将孩子送进早教机构接受某种方案的专门训练。科学研究表明，无论是''小学化"式的超常教育，还是盲目跟风的特长教育，既违背婴幼儿身心发展规律，又脱离孩子天性和兴趣，不仅难以收到成效，还可能为孩子长远发展埋下隐患。这位教师还说，游戏和快乐才是孩子早教的主要构成，生活则是最好的内容。家长与其带着孩子在各种拔苗助长的特长班之间疲于奔命，不如有的放矢地进行寓教于乐的亲子游戏，使其在学中玩，玩中学，顺其自然，因势利导。比如敲盆敲碗，可以培养婴幼儿的节奏感和听觉；如果孩子对抽水马桶好奇，就可讲解马桶几个开关的使用关系，让孩子知道''抽水马桶的水箱怎么用了又会满〃的小秘密等。通过这些共同参与的游戏，同样可开发孩子的观察能力。更重要的是，亲子互动加强了与孩子的沟通，有利于培养儿童健全的心智。千万别以为早教就是要教什么难懂的大道理，其实就是在''玩水S'玩米〃等活动中教孩子怎么生活。作为实践者，家长需要的是科学理念、认识，并掌握正确的方法，提高早教水平。只要有心，都能做好。2004年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷将下列单句译成汉语(25分)Inthefirsthalfofthisyear,China‘sGDPgrewby8.2%--despitetheSARSvirus.Electricitydemandroseby15%inthesameperiod,ledbypower-hungryindustriessuchassteelandaluminium.China,anxiousaboutcapitalflightandproucbfitseconomicsovereignty,willnotbebrow-beatenintofloatingtheyuanbyhectoringAmericans.Powerstationstendtobebuiltfarfromcities,andtobesurroundedbyidle''buffer"land.Itissuggestedthatgreenhousescouldbebuiltonthislandwiththeexhaustfromthepowerstationpumpedintosupplytheheattheyneed.Suchgreenhousescouldbeusedtogrowfruit,vegetablesandflowerscheaply.Outofalltheunbecomingpartsofdrugaddiction,thesearchforcleanneedlesisparticularlyghastly.DirtyneedlesaccountforathirdofallreportedAIDScases:theyalsoexplainwhyhalfofalllong-termaddictsgethepatitisC.ThefightoverfarmtradeattheWTOministerialmeetingintheMexicancityofCancunboilsdowntohowfartherichworldcutstariffsonagriculturalgoodsanddismantlesitsvastfarm-subsidies,andbyhowmuchdevelopingcountriesreducetheirownconsiderabletariffsinreturn.II.将下列短文译成汉语(50分)UnemploymentinAmericaishigh,andelectionsareonthehorizon.Itmustbetimetolookeastagainforscapegoats.Japanisonlystartingtorecoverfromitsprotractedrecession,soChinawillbehandedtheroleofeconomicvillaininthecomingU.S.electioncycle.ExpecttohearachorusofpresidentialcandidatesblameunfairChinesecompetitionforAmerica'smanufacturingwoes.China'stradingpartnersdohavelegitimategrievances,butitwouldbeirresponsibleandinaccurateforAmericanpoliticianstopintheUnitedStates'economicsluggishnessonschemingculpritsinBeijing.TravelinginAsiainOctober,TreasurySecretaryJohnSnowheededpoliticalpressuresbackhomeinexhortingChineseleaderstoletthemarketpricetheircurrency.Thisisadesirableoutcomeinthelongrun,butaraftofimmediatecaveatscometomind.China'sfinancialsystemremainsfragile,andsuddencurrencyvolatilitycouldleadtoabankingcrisisthatcouldspelldisasterfortheworldeconomy.WashingtonwoulddobettertourgeChina'sleaderstofocusontheirlackofpreparationtoassumetheirproperroleintheworld'sfinancialorder,ratherthantodemandanysupposedlyquickfix.Moreover,China'srefusaltodevalueitscurrencyintheaftermathofthelate1990'scrisesinEastAsia--muchappreciatedbyitsneighborsandWashingtonatatimewhentheyuanseemedovervalued--addscredencetoBeijing'sinsistencethatitprizesstabilitywhenitcomestoexchangerates,notshort-termadvantage.WithmosteconomistsconcernedthatChina'srobustgrowthcouldfuelinflationandaspeculativebubble,therearevalidreasonsforBeijingtofearasurgingcurrency.将下列单句译成英语（25分）1）尽管20世纪90年代全国经济复苏，美国家庭最富有者和最贫穷者收入之间的差距继续扩大。2）中华民族大家庭，靠文化价值观一风俗习惯、语言、文字一凝聚成一体。但家庭内部也有纷争，家庭延续也有兴衰。3）如果没有移民，美国不可能在第二次世界大战期间制造出原子弹；没有移民，美国也不会成为当今世界上的唯一超级大国。4）已经有一整年没活动筋骨了，整天坐在研究室里，翻阅资料，逐渐感觉到身体的机能在退化，筋骨像是长了锈，甚至出现腰酸背痛的迹象。5）澳门是中国南海边的一个小城，面积现有约24平方公里，人口也不过约43万人。但是，在中国的高等教育发展史上，书写了光辉的开创篇，因为中国第一所西式大学就是在这里于1594年创办的。将下列短文译成英语（50分）在市场经济的条件下，资源肯定要向成本低、效益高、利润大的地方流动。所以，生产要素往城市和经济发达地区集中，是完全自发和自动的必然流向。在—全球化〃的过程中，会伴生一个副作用，就是富者越富，穷者越穷。不要说■全球化〃，就是—全国化〃也一样，有钱的地区，就能提供各种优惠来吸引投资，没钱的地区，由于各种困难而屡屡失去机会，东西部差距、城乡差距就会越来越大。在这种情况下，农村、农业、农民肯定处于弱势地位，而保障农民各项权益，都是要花钱的，如果单靠其自身的努力，情况肯定难以改变，必须由相对富裕的地区给予大力帮助，也包括各级政府的财政转移支付、政策优惠，以及各种社会公共资源的倾斜。因此，保障农民权益的根本出路就在于发展经济，首先得让农民逐步富裕起来。如果仍旧保持在传统农业的框架之下，只靠那一亩三分地〃，不管种什么也只能勉强糊口，发不了财。要解决当前的壬农〃问题，必须从结构上进行大调整，尽可能去赚城里人的钱。而政府则要改善大环境，帮助农民从小农经济的桎梏中走出去，打开新天地，农民才能富裕起来。北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷I・将下列文章译成汉语(50分)IndiaandChinaneedhelptogrow,nothectoringEverytimethereisaspikeinoilprices,orwhenfoodcostsmore,orthereisarenewedworryaboutcarbonandclimatechange,academics,pundits,andthepressimmediatelypointtothehigh-consumptionfutureofIndiaandChina.Theyarewrongtodosowhenweconsiderthecausesofenergyandfoodchallenges,and,moreimportantly,whenwethinkoftheactionsandpoliciesneededtomanagechangesincomingdecades.IfitisquestionablethatIndiaandChinaaretoblamefortheglobalenergycrunch,itisevenlessacceptabletoexpectthemtoadheretopleastomoderatetheirenergyconsumption.Historically,energyconsumptionhascorrelatedwitheconomicgrowth.Thepresentdebateoverenergyoftenfocusesontwodimensions:climatechange(fromgreenhousegases),andthescarcityoffossilfuels.Withgrowingpopulationsandeconomies,IndiaandChinawillcertainlyconsumeagrowingfractionofglobalresources,buttheyconsumeonly3percentand9percent,respectively,oftheworld'spetroleumtoday.Thegloballeader,theUS,consumesjustunderaquarter.Lookingatfutureoptions,whydoesitmatterifIndiaandChinaareorarenotsimilarintermsofenergyconsumptionandneeds?Globaltreatiesaimtomodifyfutureconsumption,andmechanismsorformulaethatareconsideredfair(andlikelytoberatified)mustbecognizantofdifferences.Giventhedifferencesintheirsystems,needs,andincentives,aproposalmeanttoappealtobothmaynotappealtoeither.Withoutglobalparticipation,nosolutionislikelywork.Chinaalreadyhastheworld'ssecond-largestelectricitygrid,and,atcurrentratesofgrowth,itwillsoonbecomethelargestelectricityproducerintheworld.LikeIndia,mostofthisisbasedoncoal,theleast"green"oftheleadingfossilfuels.India'spresentinstalledelectricitycapacityisnotinthesameleague.Theresultisthat,forthecomingdecade,itwillnotbeabletogrowatarateanywherenearthatofChina.Inabsolutenetgrowth,theUSwilladdmorethantwiceasmuchcapacitythanIndiain2007-08.China'sgrowthofenergyconsumptionhasbeenpositiveforitspopulation.Ithasnowprovidedelectricitytoanestimated98percenofhouseholds,unlikeIndiaorAfrica.Indiahasnotmetitsenergygrowthtargetsevenintheabsenceofcarbonconstraints-canwerealisticallyexpectittomoderateduetoglobalconcernswhenitwillsayitisnottheprimepolluter?(425)II.将下列短文译成汉语(25分)TheCauseofEarthquakesTheearthisdividedintothreemainlayers-ahardoutercrust,asoftmiddlelayerandacentercore.Theoutercrustisbrokenintomassive,irregularpiecescalled"plates."Theseplatesmoveveryslowly,drivenbyenergyforcesdeepwithintheearth.Earthquakesoccurwhenthesemovingplatesgrindandscrapeagainsteachother.InCalifornia,thePacificPlateandtheNorthAmericanPlatemeet.ThePacificPlatecoversmostofthePacificOceanfloorandtheCaliforniacoastline.TheNorthAmericanPlatestretchesacrosstheNorthAmericancontinentandpartsoftheAtlanticOcean.TheprimaryboundarybetweenthemistheSanAndreasFault.Itismorethan650mileslongandextends10milesdeep.Manysmallerfaults,suchastheHaywardFault,branchfromtheSanAndreasFault.ThePacificPlategrindsnorthwestwardpasttheNorthAmericanPlateatarateofabouttwoinchesperyear.PartsoftheSanAndreasFaultsystemadapttothismovementbyaconstant"creep"resultinginfrequent,moderate,earthtremors.Inotherareas,movementisnotconstantandstraincanbuildupforhundredsofyearsresultinginstrongearthquakeswhenitisreleased.Unlikeothernaturaldisasters,thereisnowarningforearthquakes.FutureearthquakesareaseriousthreattoCalifornians,whichiswhytheFireDepartmentrecommendspreparingbeforeanearthquakehits.（232）将下列文章译成英语（50分）''将来韵韵考上'北大‘或'牛津‘，我可能都不会这么兴奋！〃魏伦斯感慨道。韵韵是她的儿子，今年3岁。前不久，他终于被一家公办托儿所''录取〃。''胜出〃的条件之一是，可一次性交清''赞助费〃3万元人民币。尽管有明码标价--按照教育局、财政局等部门的文件规定收费，但不少公办托儿所都要收取规定之外、不怎么合法的''赞助费〃以及各种名目的费用，实际上，除了每月700元的日托费，这些已成为约定俗成的''必须〃费用，一般在几千元至几万元不等。''赞助费我们交得非常心甘情愿，毕竟儿子没有、输'在、起跑线'上。"魏伦斯说。她与丈夫的年收入加起来近22万元人民币，与很多人相比，算是比较'有钱〃的，但他们还是最终放弃了一家赞助费要5万的''更好一些〃的托儿所，''这属于'漫天要价'了。〃魏伦斯也感受到''无底洞〃的压力与负担，她要随时准备交费、交费、再交费。托儿所经常开展联谊活动、户外比赛，并要统一服装--都需要家长另外付费。魏伦斯自己也明白，家长们对学前教育期望值过高，导致了托儿所费用的水涨船高。据她了解，很多父母均认同这样一种看法：如今每个家庭都是一个孩子，于是一些托儿所利用家长、、望子成龙〃（''望女成凤〃）的心态，、、投其所好〃，想方设法推出各种名目的学前教育计划和培养目标，无形中，也大大增加了家长的投入。（538）将下列短文译成英语（25分）目前，在我国许多农民并不是没有能力消费，而是不敢消费。不敢消费的原因，除了世世代代养成能俭即俭、能不要就不要的良好生活习惯外，根本原因在于农民需要为今后的日子做好储蓄准备。所以，我们能否给农民一个放心的保障体系，成为能否拉得动农民消费的关键。农民不敢消费，而是把钱积蓄起来的目的主要有三个：一是养老，二是看病，三是教育。由此可见，我们要使农民敢于消费关键在于为农民建立一个以养老、医疗、教育为主的完善社会保障体系。这个社会保障体系一旦建立起来，农民自然而然就会敢于消费。（235）北京外国语大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷（复语班）一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）Nevertheless,insteadofexpandingnorth,theJapanesemovedsouth.By1937,theconflicthadspreadtoallofeasternChinaandthewarhadbeguninearnest.Anti-JapanesefeelingwasexacerbatedbytheattackbytheJapaneseonChinesesoldiersandciviliansattheMarcoPoloBridge,nexttowhichwasavitalrailwayline,inJuly1937.Becauseofitsstrategicimportance(itwasonlytenmileswestofBeijing),JapanesetroopsinnorthernChinahadbeenconductingmanoeuvresinthearea.However,on7July1937,afteraJapanesenightmanoeuvreduringwhichtheChinesehadfiredsomeshells,aJapanesesoldierwentmissing.Inretaliation,theJapaneseattackedandwarcommenced.ThismayrightlybedesignatedthefirstbattleoftheSecondWorldWar.BytheendofJuly,JapanesesoldiershadnotonlyseizedthebridgebuttakencontroloftheentireTientsin-Pekingregion.ThespeedwithwhichJapanesetroopsconqueredpartsofChinawasastounding.By1938,Cantonhad'fallen7and,despitenotablemilitaryvictories,includingoneinthetownofTaierzhuanginsouthernShantung,where30,000JapanesesoldierswerekilledbyNationalistChinesetroops,theChinesewereatadistinctdisadvantage.TheJapanesemilitarywasvastlysuperior.Aslateas1940,Chinahadonly150militaryaircraftcomparedwiththeJapanesetotalofover1,000.Bytheendof1939,thewholeofthenorth-easternquarterofChinawasunderJapaneseoccupation.Still,theChinesedidnotsurrender,forcingJapantomovestillfurtherinland,lengtheningsupplyroutesandstretchingmanpowertoabsolutelimits.Whatfollowedwasawarofattrition.(268words)二、将下列短文译为汉语(50分)Thailand:AnExceptionalCase?AfewyearsagoagraduatestudentnamedKanchanacametomyofficetoseeifIwouldbewillingtosuperviseapapershewantedtowriteonlegalprotectionsforculturalartifactstakenfromThailand,hernativecountry.Afteraninterestingdiscussionaboutpossibleapproachestoherpaper,IaskedKanchanaaquestionthat,inretrospect,wouldprobablybegroundsforalawsuitundertoday‘sstandardsofpoliticalcorrectness—IaskedwhethershewasanethnicChinese.Kanchana‘sreply:''ButtheThaiareChinese."Shetheninstantlyretreated:''Well—partChinese.IhaveChineseblood.EveryoneinThailanddoes.Well...almosteveryonedoes."Thailandisafascinatingcase.Ontheonehand,itshareswiththeotherSoutheastAsiancountriesthephenome