大学英语精读(2) 英语知识点总结

只供学习与交流只供学习与交流Unit1TheDinnerPartyshortlybeforeWW1一战前不久trackdown追溯，追查beseated就座springup突然出现，开始outgrowthejumping-on-a-chair-atthesightofamouseera不再像过去那样见到老鼠就跳到椅子上Thatlastounceofself-controliswhatreallycounts.这多出来的一点自制力才是真正起作用的。motiontosb向某人示意signaltosb&whispersthtosb向某人嘀咕，耳语theAmericacomestowithastart.这个美国博物学家突然醒悟了.Startlestartledbaitforasnake蛇的诱饵anemptyroom一个空房子abaremarblefloor没铺地毯的大理石地板barelyanyhair====hardly/scarcelyanyhairservethenextcourse上下一道菜acourseofdish一道菜frightensbintodoingsth吓得某人去做…persuadesbintodoingsthtalksbintodoingsththreatensbintodoingsthoutofthecornerofhiseyes从他的眼角里Starestraightahead盯着往前看Notmoveamuscle纹丝不动Makefor前往RingoutSlamthedoorshutExclaimatthesightof一看见atthethoughtof一想起aheated/spiriteddiscussion一场激烈的争论anexampleofperfectself-control一个镇定自若的典范Afaintsmilelightsupthehostess'sface.Twospotsofcolorbrightenedherface.Astrangeexpressioncameoverherface.acolonialofficial一个殖民地官员givealargedinnerparty办一个盛大的晚宴avisitingAmericannaturalist美国访问博物学家aspaciousdiningroom宽敞的餐厅themajor少校thecolonelfeellikedoingsth想要/喜欢做某事commotion混乱，骚动Thetoneofhisvoiceissocommandingthatitsilenceseveryone.他的语调很威严，让每个人都静下来不出声.countthreehundred数三百下countuptothreehundred数到第三百下sitlikestoneimages像石雕一样坐着SitrootedUnit2LessonsfromJeffersonbeofinterest/important很有趣/很重要obtainknowledgefrommanysources从许多源头获取知识personalinvestigation个人调查appointhimtoacommittee派他去一个委员会studypapersonthesubject研究该课题的文件makeon-the-spotobservations做现场观察BybirthandbyeducationJeffersonbelongedtothehighestsocialclass.无论是论出身还是论教育，杰弗逊都属于最高的社会阶层.noblepersons贵族personsofnobleorigins出身高贵的人personsofhumbleorigins出身卑微的人gooutofone'swaytod（特意专门去做某事acookingpot做饭的锅Ifyouwillonlydothis,youmayfindoutwhypeoplearedissatisfied.如果也只有你愿意这样做，你才可能发现为什么人民不满意.Heavenhasgivenyouamindforjudgingtruthanderror.Useit.上帝赋予你一个判断正确和错误的头脑，就运用它吧.formacorrectjudgment形成正确的判断nothesitateamomenttodosth毫不犹豫地去做某事theformerandthelatter前者和后者Inafreecountry,therewillalwaysbeconflictingideas,andthisisasourceofstrength.在一个自由的国度，总会有冲突的意见，而这正是力量的源泉.Itisconflictandnotunquestioningagreementthatkeepsfreedomalive.让自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致.Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.Ifyoutakeonesidewitheffect,thosewhotaketheothersidewillofcourseresentyouractions.每个问题都有两面•如果你有力地站在一方，那么另一方的人必定会憎恨你的行动.bechainedtocustoms受习俗的禁锢loseitsusefulness失去它的效用Nosocietycanmakeaperpetualconstitution,orevenaperpetuallaw.任何一个社会都不能制定出永久的宪法或永久的法律.Hedidn'tfearnewideas,nordidhefearthefuture.他不惧怕新观点，也不惧怕未来.Isteermyshipwithhope,leavingfearbehind.我满怀希望驾驶着帆船，把恐惧抛在身后.施行作物轮作和土壤保持bebasedonknowledge以知识为基石menofhisage===peer同龄人practicecroprotationandsoilconservationstandardpractice标准的做法besuperiortoanyotherinexistence施行作物轮作和土壤保持比现存的任何做法都优越beinferiorto不如…OfallJefferson'smanytalents,oneiscentral.在杰弗逊的诸多才能中，其中一个是重要的.Hewasaboveallagoodandtirelesswriter.首先，他是个优秀的不知疲倦的作家.Apleteworks全集32・whenthetimecametodosth当该做…的时候33・thetaskofwritingitwashis.撰写的任务都落在他的肩头了.Weholdthosetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal.]我们坚信这些不言而喻的事实：人人生而平等.Everyisbornequa1・Helefthiscountrymenarichlegacyofideasandexamples.他给他的同胞留下一笔丰富的思想遗产和范例.oweagreatdebt归功于••・・====BeindebtedtoOnlyanationofeducatedpeoplecouldremairj只有一个由受教育的人民组成的国度才能保持自由.Unit3MyFirstJobapplyforateaching申清一份教学工作gofrombadtowors每况愈下enteruniversit进入大学inasuburbofLondont伦敦的郊区beveryshortofmone手头很紧Withoutadegreeandwithnoexperienceinteaching,mychancesofgettingthisjobwereslim：无学历，二无教学经历，我得到可能性是微乎其微.Chancesofdoingare/were做某事的机会是Itprovedanawkwardjourney这一路原来真是麻烦。aten-minutebusri十分钟的车程awalkofatleastaquartero步行至少四分之一英里9.asaresu结果・••・・withtheresultthat・・・Resultin・・・...Resultfrom•…・・toodepressedtofeelnerv太沮丧了就感觉不到紧张了fourevergreenshrubsstoodateachco四个角上各有—个冬青》struggletosurvivethedustandfumesfromabusymain经受着从繁忙的大街上吹来的烟尘，挣扎着努力活下来asandy-coloredmoustach—个沙色的小胡子awrinkledforehea布满皱纹的前额withanairofsurpriseddisappr—种l吃惊的，不以为然的神态sthsmellof…起来有…味道Theroomsmellsofunpleasantlystalecal房'ag发出一股烂白菜的味道，闻上去很不舒服。inkmarks墨水渍judgingby…•依据・・・•判断proceedtodos1继而去做…接下来去。fixmewithhisbloodshote用他那充满红血丝的研究那个盯着我avitalpartof是…极为重要的组成部分mumblesthtosb向某人咕哝什么grunt/murmur/whispersthtosbhavelittleincommon没有什么共同语言Ihadsaidthewrongthing.我说错了话teachtheminturnatthreedifferentlevels按照三个不同的程度轮流给他们上课bedismayedatthethoughtof一想到•…就很沮丧beincompetentatalgebraandgeometry对数学和几何一窍不通worseperhapswas・・・・更糟糕的是worsestill,enjoyleisure享受闲暇之乐get/risetohisfeet起身thelaststraw终使人不堪一击的是…Theprospectofworkingunderawomanconsistedtheultimateindignity.在一个女人手下工作的前景构成了最大的侮辱。Unit4TheProfessorandtheYo-yoasimple,modestandordinaryman一个淳朴，谦虚的普通人ashyyoungvisitortohishome小时候有一次去他家拜访的时候很害羞feelatease感到无拘无束rollbackupthestring顺着线转上去whenmyturncame当轮到我的时候displayafewtricks露了几手throw・・・・ofbalance使失去平衡sbbeimpressedby•…对…有印象（被动）sthimpresssbby给某人留下印象（主动）cometotermswith・・・・与…•一致，妥协withinhislimitsasahumanbeing在他作为一个人类的能力范围内beyondhisintellectualreach超乎他的智力范围becontenttodosth满足于做某事jealousy,vanity,bitterness,anger,resentment,happinessbeimmuneto•…不受…的影响/干扰beyondanypretension丝毫不矫揉造作correspondwithsb与某人通信corresponding===matching相应的meannothingto・・・对…•而言毫无意义believeinsimplicity信奉简朴dothejob就可以了，就行了somuchsothatpresentsbwithsth…赠予某人某物beamwithpleasure高兴得满脸含笑reverttousingplainwater又回复到用清水了Einsteinwaspurelyandexclusivelyatheorist.爱因斯坦完完全全是个理论家。beginalongexplanation开始长篇解释pursuevarioustheories试着用各种理论hisquickexpressionofdisapproval他迅速现出的不赞成的表情workoutthesolution研究出解决的办法Hehaddevelopedthetheoriesthatwereprofoundandcapableofexcitingrelativelyfewscientists.他所提出的理论都是非常深奥，只能使比较少的科学家感兴趣的理论ahouseholdname/word一个家喻户晓的名字acrossthecivilizedworld在整个闻名世界bebewilderedby・・・•对•…迷惑不解stareat・・・瞪着…receivesuchattention备受关注besingledoutassthspecial被挑选出来当做特殊人物对待asfaras・・・becapableofdoingsth有能力做某事takeapart拆开Unit5TheVillainintheAtmospherebeessentialtolife对生命而言至关重要toadangerousdegree/extent到一种很危险的程度dosbharm对某人有害serveasthebasicfoodsupplyfbr・・・・充当…•的最基本的食物供给convert・・・・into…把…转化成•…thisapparentlyharmlessandcertainlyessentialgas这一看上去无害而无疑必不可少的气体riseslowlyfromyeartoyear年复一年的缓慢地上升inalllikelihood极有可能只供学习与交流只供学习与交流资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除alargefractionoftheworld'spopulation世界上的大部分是人口advancesteadily稳步前进retreatinland向内陆退居underthepressure在压力下undertheleadershipof在•…的领导下Thevariousgasesintheatmospherearetransparenttosunlight.大气中各种各样的气体对太阳光来说是透明的。strikethetopoftheatmosphere直射大气层的顶部radiateheatintospaceintheformofinfraredradiation将热量以红外线的形式放射到太空。visiblelight可见光invisibleman隐形人inparticular尤其是，特别是tendtodosth往往会，常常会做•…Wearethankfulthat.…我们很感激•…goupsteadily稳步上升riseslowly缓慢上升risesteadily稳步上升creepupward悄然攀升makeupaccountfor...•占…•比例It'sestimatedthat.・・・据估计theconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere大气中二氧化碳的浓度asaresult,withtheresultthatatarapidlyincreasingrate以快速上升的速度atarateofmanytonsperday以每天数吨的速度atanequalrate以同样的速度intheprocess在此过程中inthecourseof.・在…•的期间anewperspectiveonthismatter对此事的新观点byitself自行资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流只供学习与交流cutdowntheforests===felltheforests砍伐森林newsourcesoffuel新燃料源nuclearpower核能alternativesourcesofenergy替代能源solarenergy太阳能interiorheat内部的热量supportcompetingmilitarymachines支持对抗性的军事器械meltaway融化visibledistinctobviousevidentapparentcleartomakethematterwore,更糟糕的是，•…worsestill,更糟糕的是，・・・.・Unit6TheMakingofaSurgeonthemakingofasurgeon一位外科医生的成功之道thepointintime===themoment时刻，那一刻、thepointintimewhenhefinallybecomea“surgeon”当他终于成为一名外科医生的那一刻。drawtoaclosecometoanend结束onmorethanoneoccasion不止一次atonetimeoranother说不定何时notinfrequently经常morethanonce不止一次havetrouble(in)gettingbacktosleep很难再重新入睡theoperatingroom手术室theemergencyroom急诊室thepeaceofmind内心的平静thestateofmind心境ThereisnosurgicalpatientIcannottreatcompetently.任何外科病人我都能胜任地进行治疗。Becompetentat/in能胜任地做某事treattreatment治疗，待遇nearthatpoint接近那个时刻encounteremergencysituations遇到紧急情况dreadtheringingofthetelephone害怕电话铃响起dreaderrors害怕犯错Toerr,ishuman;toforgive,divine.犯错是人性，宽恕是神性makeaconsidereddecision做出一个深思熟虑的决定makeapoor/sound/criticaldecision不妥当的/稳妥的/至关重要的conceit---conceitedadj自负的Smug自鸣得意的adjintryingmoments在很难受的时候bebotheredbydoubtsanduncertainties受到重重疑虑的煎熬_thepracticeofmedicine行医实践practicemedicine行医beoutinpractice外出行医dwellin====residein====liveindwellon老想着，仔细阐述livewith==tolerate容忍，忍受beboundto•…一定….beequallyconfident同样地自信handleanyemergencysituation应付任何紧急情况Therearenomorebutterfliesinmystomach.我再也不忐忑不安了。openupachestorabdomen剖开胸膛或者腹部anticipatetheprobleminadvance提前预测到问题所在puncturedlungs肺部穿孔compoundfracture复合型骨折inevitable----unavoidable不可避免的takefull/soleresponsibilityfor为…•承担全部责任acceptthefactwithcalmness平静地接受事实performanoperationonsb为…做手术operateonsbchancesarethatIt'slikelythat•…siton・・・・拖延，延迟delaydoingsthsweatover・・・・胆战心惊地做….withmyknowledge,skillandexperience只供学习与交流只供学习与交流资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除凭我的知识，技能和经验Unit7NotonMyBlockstanduptoriseto奋起应付theyoungmendealingdrugs==drugdealers/pusherstakedrugs吸毒dealdrugs贩毒smuggledrugs走私毒品smuggledgoods水货Theprodigalsonhasreturned.浪子回头。likesthrightoff一下子就喜欢•…anextrabedroomextra===additionalperfectspot理想的地方summonupone'scouragetodosth鼓起勇气pluckupone'scouragetodosthagangof一帮….abunchofagroupof・asetof•…・・arrivehomefromwork下班回家reluctantly----unwillingly不情愿地startatherwithcold,hardeyes用冷酷无情的眼睛盯着她reseatthemselves他们又坐下来了avacanthouse=avacantproperty一座空房子avacantlot一块空地incomingweeks在未来的几周asteadystreamofcarsandfoottraffic川流不息的车辆和行人foottraffic===pedestrianconductbusiness交易，做生意shootup注射毒品urinateinthebackyard在后院撒尿Urinate===answerthenature'scallhavenoillusionsabout对…不再抱幻想occupyaseat占座位OccupyoccupiedoccupationOccupied----vacant资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流只供学习与交流intheneighborhoodof在邻近凋边地区Thedrugwarswereraging•毒品战在激烈进行23.hangout闲逛，出没callthepolice报警begsbtodosth祈求某人做某事begthepolicetodispersethedealers祈求警察把毒贩子躯干走driftback陆续回来了a50-somethingmotherofgrownchildren一个五十来岁母亲，孩子已长大成人imaginedoingsth想象着做某事fightthebattle参战，打仗.risetoanunexpectedchallenge应对这突如其来的挑战beaddictedto(doing)sth做…上瘾.fostercare领养getcustodyof・・・・得到…的监护权praytosbfor・・・•为…向某人祈求gonna===goingtoOne'sinsidesareturningover.某人的五脏六腑在翻滚.Therearebutterfliesinone'sstomach.keepherfaceamaskstayoffherproperty远离她的财产sb'sheartbeatrisestosb'sthroat.心一下子提到喉咙眼里repeatherrequest重复她的请求clearsnowfromherwalk清扫她门前的积雪checkinonsb看望/拜访•…taketodoingsth开始习惯/喜欢做某事warnsbofsth告某人某事warnthemofthedangeroffastmoney警告他们不义之财有危害Dosomethingpositive.干些这个正经事儿takeastand表明态度wageherownbattleagainstadifferentsetofdrugpushers只身开展斗争反对另一帮毒贩子inatragedythatbecamenationalnews在一场成为全国新闻的悲剧里set...onfire===setfireto・・・放火•…chargesbwithdoingsth控告某人做某事accusesbofdoingsththedeadlyfire这场致命的大火adrivingforce驱动力，推动力extend----extendedextensionestablishanextended-dayprogram建立一个放学后校内项目anextendedfamily大家庭acorefamily小家庭promptsbtodosth促使某人做某事incitesbtodosthstepupeffortstodosth加快步伐去做某事redevelopthedeserted/abandonedhouses重建废弃的房子explode----exclaim大声说getthroughtosb让某人明白/理解bemodestabout.…对…很谦虚exertanimpacton对•…产生影响Impact----influenceIhaveasorethroat.我嗓子疼.Unit8Honesty:IsItGoingOutofStyleaccordingtoarecentpoll根据最近的一项民意测试cheatonexamscheatonincometaxes考试作弊Itcanbearguedthat..可能有人会争论说…Itisestimatedthat..据估计….response----respondtobefacedwiththetemptationtodosth面临做…•的诱惑meetwith===befacedwithpeekataneighbor'stestpaper偷看邻座的考卷behardon对…•严厉/严格8・ontherise在上身/增长ariseintheuseofexams(rise=increase)passcompetencytests通过能力测试moreandmore===agrowingnumberof越来越多11・leadto===caus