职称英语考试《综合类》历年真题精选及答案0513-43

职称英语考试《综合类》历年真题精选及答案0513-431、Nowadays,wecanpurchasethingson-line.【单选题】A.readB.buyC.rentD.watch正确答案:B答案解析:purchase和buy同义，意为“购买”；read：阅读、学习；rent：租；watch：看、观看。2、AGlassofMilkOneday,apoorboywhowastryingtopayhiswaythroughschoolbysellinggoodsdoortodoorfoundthatheonlyhadonedimeleft.Hewashungrysohedecidedtobegforamealatthenexthouse.However,helosthisnervewhenalovelyyoungwomanopenedthedoor.Insteadofamealheaskedforadrinkofwater.Shethoughthelookedhungrysoshebroughthimalargeglassofmilk.Hedrankitslowly,andthenasked,"HowmuchdoIoweyou?""Youdon＇towemeanything,"shereplied."Motherhastaughtmenevertoacceptpayforakindness,"hesaid,"ThenIthankyoufromthebottomofmyheart."AsHowardKellyleftthathouse,henotonlyfeltstrongerphysically,butalsoincreasedhisfaithinGodandthehumanrace.Hewasabouttogiveupandquitbeforethispoint.Yearslatertheyoungwomanbecamecriticallyill.Thelocaldoctorswerebaffled.Theyfinallysenthertothebigcity,wherespecialistscanbecalledintostudyherraredisease.Dr.HowardKelly,nowfamouswascalledinfortheconsultation.Whenheheardthenameofthetownshecamefrom,astrangelightfilledhiseyes.Immediately,heroseandwentdownthroughthehospitalhallintoherroom.Dressedinhisdoctor＇sgownhewentintoseeher.Herecognizedheratonce.Hewentbacktotheconsultationroomanddeterminedtodohisbesttosaveherlife.Fromthatdayon,hegavespecialattentiontohercase.Afteralongstruggle,thebattlewaswon.Dr.Kellyrequestedthebusinessofficetopassthefinalbilltohimforapproval.Helookedatitandthenwrotesomethingontheside.Thebillwassenttoherroom.Shewasafraidtoopenitbecauseshewaspositivethatitwouldtaketherestofherlifetopayitoff.Finallyshelooked,andthenoteonthesideofthebillcaughtherattention.Shereadthesewords..."Paidinfullwithaglassofmilk,"signedDr.HowardKellyTearsofjoyfloodedhereyesassheprayedsilently:"ThankYou,God.Yourlovehasspreadthroughhumanheartsandhands."Theboywasverysadwhentheyoungwomenopenedthedoor.【单选题】A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned正确答案:B答案解析:losthisnerves的意思是紧张、胆怯，所以该题所述内容是错的。3、WorkingSuccessfullywithinCulturalBoundariesSoonafterstartingourjobinChina,werealizedthatthegreatestchallengewefacedwouldnotbeourday-to-dayresponsibilitiesbutacompletelyforeignworkenvironmentandculture.Wewereusedtotheverydirect,sometimesconfrontational,butmoreequalstyleofmanagementintheUnitedStates.Here,wewerefacedwiththenever-direct,never-confrontationalstyleofmanagementcommoninAsia.Weoftenhearsimilarstories.OnewomansharedherexperienceofreturningtoChinaaftermorethan15yearsintheUS.AlthoughshespentmostofherchildhoodinChina,shefeltthathercolleagues＇thinkingprocesseswerecompletelyforeigntoher.Sheneededtoadaptherselftothecultureofhercompanyonlythenwouldshebesuccessfulatherjob.Intheend,shewasn＇tabletosuccessfullyre-adaptherselftotheculture.Whatshedidn＇trealizewasthat,ratherthandisagreeingwithherideas,theydisagreedwithhermethodofimplementingthem.Forexample,insteadofrecognizinghercompany＇sstrictchain-of-command,shehadinonecasetakenherplanstraighttothecompanychairman.Thisactionconsequentlycausedhersuperiorstoloseface.ShehadunwittinglybrokenacardinalruleofChineseculture.OnemanwhospentmanyyearsoverseasbeforereturningtoChinatoheadupthelocaloperationsofamultinationalcompany,hadasimilarexperience.Inhisfirstmanagementteammeeting,hepresentedhisplansforanewdirectioninChinaoperations.Hisrequestwasmetwithanuncomfortablesilence,withnoneofthemanagersdaringtospeakup.Theyhadnotbeenpreparedforhisopenstyleofmanagement.Soonhequicklydeterminedthathisfirston-the-jobchallengewouldbetobuildupmanagers＇confidenceinhim,andthathehadtodothisindividually,notinagroup.Withinayear,theirmanagementteammeetingsweretransformedintotheinteractive,brainstormingsessionsthatheintendedthemtobe.Therefore,itwasn＇tuntilafterwehadlearnedtoappreciatethecultureofourworkplaceandearnedtheconfidenceandtrustofourinferiorsthatwewereabletomoveforwardandsuccessfullydoourjob.Wemustfirstunderstandandacceptacultureforwhatitis;onlythenwillwebeabletosuccessfullyworkwithinit.WhatarethedifferencesinstyleofmanagementintheUSAandChinaaccordingtotheauthor?【单选题】A.IntheUSA,itisindirectstyleofmanagement.InChina,itisdirect.B.IntheUSA,itisdirectstyleofmanagement.InChina,itisnever-direct.C.IntheUSA,itisalwaysconfrontational.InChina,itissometimesconfrontational.D.IntheUSA,itisequal.InChinaitisunequal.正确答案:B答案解析:根据第2段，文中说“我们习惯了美国的直接、有时针锋相对，但是更为平等的管理模式，但是在这里我们面临的是在亚洲普遍存在的不直接、不正面交锋的管理模式”，因此答案是B4、RoboticHighwayConesAUniversityofNebraskaprofessorhasdevelopedroboticconesandbarrels.____Theycanevenbeprogrammedtomoveontheirownatanyparticularpartoftheday,saidShaneFarritor,anassistantprofessorofmechanicalengineeringatNebraska.Forexample,ifworkersarrivedat6am,theconescouldmovefromthesideofthehighwaytoblockoffthelaneatthattime.Andtheycanreturntotheoriginalplaceattheendoftheday."Itjustseemslikeaverygoodapplicationforrobots,"Farritorsaid."Theroboticconeswouldalsohelpremovepeoplefromhazardousjobsonthehighwayputtingbarrelsandconesintoplace,"Farritorsaidinareportonhiscreation.Wordontheideabeganin2002usingaNationalAcademyofSciencesgrant.ThefundallowedFarritortoworkontheprojectwithgraduatestudentsatNebraskaandhisassistantSteveGoddard.Therobotsareplacedatthebottomoftheconesandbarrelsandaresmallenoughnottogreatlychangetheappearanceoftheconstructionaides."Itwouldlookexactlythesame,"Farritorsaid."Normallythere＇sakindofrubbery,blackbasetothem.Wereplacethatwitharobot..FarritorhastalkedwithofficialsfromtheNebraskaDepartmentofRoadsabouthowtherobotswouldbemostusefultowhattheymightneedTherobotscouldcomeinhandyfollowingaslow-movingmaintenanceoperation,likepaintingastripeonaroadormovingasphalt,wherenowthebarrelshavetobepickedupandmovedastheoperationproceeds."Thatwayyoudon＇thavetoblockoffal0-milestripfortheoperation."Farritorsaid.Whileprototypeshavebeenmade,theyarenotinuseanywhere.Farritorsaidhehasappliedforapatentandisconsideringwhattodonext.Heisthinkingaboutstartingasmallbusiness..Heisalsothinkingaboutmarketingtherobotstoroadsdepartmentsandothersacrossthecountrywhichmaybenefitfromthem.【单选题】A.Andtheycanreturntotheoriginalplaceattheendoftheday.B.Heisthinkingaboutstartingasmallbusiness.C.Farritorwas"InventoroftheYear"in2003.D.Wordontheideabeganin2002usingaNationalAcademyofSciencesgrantE.Wereplacethatwitharobot.F.Theseroboticconesandbarrelscanmoveoutoftheway,orintoplace,fromcomputercommandsmademilesaway.正确答案:F答案解析:第1段要恢复的句子的内容应该与roboticconesandbarrels有关。F句中的“Theseroboticconesandbarrels”正好说明F句是第1句的后续句.these这个代词把第1、2句连接起来。第1、2句内容上是连贯的，证实第2句是第1句的后续句。5、AnEarlyFormofJazzMusicMusiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.Attheturnofthelastcentury,whenjazzwasborn,Americahadnoprominentmusic0fitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenwasinventedorbywhom.Butitbegantobeheardintheearly1890s.JazzisAmerica＇scontributiontopopularmusic.Incontrasttoclassicalmusic,which____formalEuropeantraditions,jazzisspontaneousandfreeinform.Itbubbleswithenergy,expressingthemoods,interests,andemotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920s＇jazzsoundedlikeAmerica.Andsoitdoestoday.Theorigins0fthemusicareasinterestingasthemusicitself.AmericanNegroes,orblacks,astheyarecalledtoday,werethejazzpioneers.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstatesasslaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklonghours.WhenaNegrodied,hisfriendsandrelativesformedaprocessiontocarrytobodytothecemetery.InNewOrleans,abandoftenaccompaniedthebody.Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslow,solemnmusic,suitedtotheoccasion.Furthermore0nthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheirnumbers,butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayedhappymusic,improvisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunesplayedatthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz.【单选题】A.introducesB.followsC.takesD.approaches正确答案:B答案解析:古典音乐发端于欧洲，所以它遵循的是欧洲传统。6、AnEarlyFormofJazzMusicMusiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.Attheturnofthelastcentury,whenjazzwasborn,Americahadnoprominentmusic0fitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenwasinventedorbywhom.Butitbegantobeheardintheearly1890s.JazzisAmerica＇scontributiontopopularmusic.Incontrasttoclassicalmusic,whichfollowsformalEuropeantraditions,jazzisspontaneousandfreeinform.Itbubbleswithenergy,expressingthemoods,interests,andemotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920s＇jazzsoundedlikeAmerica.Andsoitdoestoday.Theorigins0fthemusicareasinterestingasthemusicitself.AmericanNegroes,orblacks,astheyarecalledtoday,werethejazzpioneers.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates____slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklonghours.WhenaNegrodied,hisfriendsandrelativesformedaprocessiontocarrytobodytothecemetery.InNewOrleans,abandoftenaccompaniedthebody.Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslow,solemnmusic,suitedtotheoccasion.Furthermore0nthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheirnumbers,butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayedhappymusic,improvisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunesplayedatthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz.【单选题】A.likeB.forC.asD.by正确答案:C答案解析:黑人是作为奴隶被带到南方各州来的。7、GunRightsintheUSImmediatelyaftertheshootingatVirginiaTechUniversity,Americansgatheredtomourn(致哀)thedead.Thepresidentandthestategovernerbothhurriedtheretosharethegrief.ButthemajorityofAmericansstillclingtotheirrighttoownweapons.Strictlyspeaking,theUSisnottheonlycountryheregunviolencehasdestroyedlives,familiesandcommunitiesineverydaycircumstance.ButtheUSisoneofthefewcountriesthatseemunwillingandpoliticallyincapableofdoinganythingserioustostopit.IncountrieslikeBritainandCanada,thegovernmentadoptedstrictguncontrolsoonafterseriousgunviolenceincidents.USleaders,however,areheldhostagebythegunlobby(院外活动集团)andtheelectoral(选举)system.ThepowerfulNationalRifleAssociation,themajorsupporterofgunrightsintheUS,istoostrongforanypartytotakeon.MostRepublicansopposeguncontrolanyway.Overtheyears,theDemocratshavefoundthattheycaneithercampaignforguncontrolorwinpower,not____,theypreferpower.AccordingtotheUSBureauofJusticeStatistics,firearm(火器)incidentsaccountedforninepercentofthe4.7millionviolentcrimesin2005.SoalthoughopinionpollsshowmostAmericanswantstrictergunlaws,manypeopledon＇twanttogiveuptheirarmstheykeeptoprotectthemselves.DaveHancock,aVirginiagunlover,isoneexample.Inaninterviewhesaid,"IfoneprofessorintheVirginiaincidenthadbeencarryingalegalweapon,theymighthavebeenabletostopallthis."Inhisopinion,themassacre(大屠杀)isanargumentformorepeopletocarryweapons,notfewer.Americans＇clingingtotherighttobeararmsisnotjustafearofcrime,butamistrustofgovernment,commentedUK＇sGuardiannewspaper.OneVirginiaresident,whohadapermittocarryaconcealed(隐藏的)firearm,toldtheGuardianthatitwaseveryAmerican＇sresponsibilitytohaveagun."Eachperson,"hesaid,"shouldnotrelysolelyonthegovernmentforprotection."【单选题】A.eitherB.bothC.eachD.one正确答案:B答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要认真阅读文章，理解好句意。文章此处是说“要么为枪支控制发起活动，要么就是赢得总统大选，不可能两者都做到”，所以最佳答案是B。8、GreenespentabrieftimeatCambridge.【单选题】A.hardB.shortC.goodD.long正确答案:B答案解析:格林在剑桥作了简短停留。本题难度不大，干扰项干扰不大，是送分题，可以确认brief和short都是“简短的”的意思，答案是B。9、Theyconvertedthesparebedroomintoanoffice.【单选题】A.reducedB.turnedC.movedD.reformed正确答案:B答案解析:他们把空余的卧室改成了一间办公室。本题有一定难度，C项的干扰较大，有相当考生选了C，reform是“改革”的意思，而词组turninto指“把什么变成什么”，最符合converted的意思，是答案。10、StopEatingToomuch"Cleanyourplate!"and"Beamemberoftheclean-plateclub!"JustabouteverykidintheUShasheardthisfromaparentorgrandparent.Often,it＇saccompaniedbyanappeal:"Justthinkaboutthosestarvingorphans(孤儿)inAfrica!"Sure,weshouldbegratefulforeverybiteoffood.Unfortunately,manypeopleintheUStaketoomanybites.Insteadofsaying"cleantheplate",perhapsweshouldsavesomefoodfortomorrow.Accordingtonewsreports,USrestaurantsarepartlytoblameforthegrowingbellies(肚子).Awaiterputsaplateoffoodinfrontofeachcustomer,withtwotofourtimestheamountrecommendedbythegovernment,accordingtoaUSATodaystory.Americanstraditionallyassociatequantitywithvalueandmostrestaurantstrytogivethemthat.Theyprefertohavecustomerscomplainabo