高考英语语法名词性从句讲解及练习

语法复习之名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词： when,where,why,how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词： that,whether,if,asif。that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if（whether）,asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether和if（是否），asif（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if和asif都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。（二）主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.2、用 it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.（三）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.2、引导表语从句的连接词 that有时可省去。e.g.Myideais（that）wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.（四）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g.Ihope（that）everythingisallright.2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用 which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。e.g.I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework..I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if,不用whether。e.g.Iwonderifitdoesn’train.②用if会引起误解，就要用whether。e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.（此句如果把 whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用，就不能换成 if；不直接连用，可换。e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.Idon’tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成 if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.(五)同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)之后，说明该名词的具体内容。eg.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.Weknowthetruththatthesunisthecenterofthesolarsystem一,判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe. Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall. Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation. Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall. Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool. Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing. ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive. Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout. DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool? Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation. 二,单句改错：1，Wemuststicktothatwehaveagreedon.Everythingdependsonifwewillgaintheirsupport..Theyhavemadethatarulethattheywillhaveawalkaftermeals.WhathitmethatIhadmissedthispreciousopportunity.Wateristofishasairistohumanbeings.Heisnolongerthatheusedtobe.ItiswellknownisthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.Ihatewhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.Itremainedtobeseenthattheoldcouplewouldenjoythisjourney.Thefactwhichshedeclinedourinvitationmadeusdisappointed.三，用名词性从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句Whendidyouentertheroom？Thepolicewanttoknowit.clocktomorrowmorning.Thisismydecision.Allofusaretostartat6oclocktomorrowmorning.Shallwegopicnickingtomorrow?Itdependsontheweather.Ourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionship.Thenewsencouragedusallgreatly.weallgotthenews.TwostudentsofourschoolhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.四.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词)。1.careerwomenwanttoreturntothejobmarketaftergivingbirthto thesecondchildappearstoberatherdifficultnowadaysinChina.2.WhatI'mhopingtoaccomplishismygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandjazzisnotblackandwriteanymore.ThereasonwhytheU.S-MexicoBorderWallistobebuiltistheAmericangovernmentattempttokeeprefugeesandillegalimmigrantsout.surprisedthefamilymostwasthegirlplayedbasketballverywell.teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.Itneveroccurredtomeshecouldcompletethetaskinsuchashorttime.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid, "That'sIwasborn.”China'sMinistryofEducationhasgivenofficialannouncementChina'sfirstintelligent(AI)textbookseriesdesignedforprimaryandsecondaryschoolstudentsisexpectedtobeintroducedintohundredsofcampusesin2019..Determinationisakindofbasicqualityandthisisittakestodojobswell.ThereasonIamnowdepressedisIdon'thaveaclearappreciationofthepast.“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea."Thisis__mymotherusedtotellme.Idon'tdoubthehastheabilitytodealwiththesituation,buttheproblemcanbesolvedquicklydependsonhisattitude.—Therelationbetweentheactorandhisgirlfriendhasbeenworsening.—Iknow.Ithasgottotheyhavetogetseparated.—Isthereanypossibilityyoucouldpickmeupattheairport?—Noproblem..Itremainstobeseenthenewlyformedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice..Onlythewhitecollarsthemselvesknowothersseeasagoodlifeisactuallyaboringlife.—IwonderMaryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.-Byworkingouteveryday.Severalyearslater,wordcameNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectsoldiers.Sheiswarm-hearted,soitisnowondershealwayshelpsthosewhoareintrouble.Facebookisaplacewhereyoucanshareisgoingoninyourlifewithfriends..Cooperativelearningallowsustohavemorechancestoacquireisbeneficialtoourselves..Sheisisknownasanosyperson—sheisalwaysdyingtoknowwhat'sgoingoninothers'lives..Eventodaywestillhavenosolidevidencetherearelivingcreaturesinouterspaceornot..sheexpectsmostistosetanexampletoyoungerpeopleandinspireallthechildreninhervillagetostudy..Anadvantageofusingthesolarenergyisitwon 'tcreateanypollution..ExactlythepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565..Manyexpertsholdtheviewteachers'developmentisthekeytobettereducationlies..Ifyougointoaschooloruniversityeverywhere,thechancesareyouwillseestudentsinLiNingtracksuitswiththefamiliarlogo..Afteraday'sexhaustingclimbwefinallyarrivedatwehadbeentoldwasthe“GoldenGarden".Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofitusedtocharge..Thedecisionisannouncedbytheheadmasterwewillholdtheeveningpartynextweek..Nowallofourconcentrationison itisthattheglobalenvironmentwillreturntonormal.Wearelookingforwardtothetime..Iwon'tchangemybeliefsuccesscomestothosewhoact.一Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy!一I'mnottoblame,mum.Iamyouhavemademe.五.用名词性从句翻译下列句子。.众所周知，中国政府已不遗余力地保护人们免受假冒食品的毒害。isknowntoallistheChinesegovernmenthasnoefforttoprotectpeoplefromfood..现代科学已经给出充分的证据表明吸烟会导致许多疾病。Modernhasgivenclearevidencesmokingcanmany..对小发明感兴趣的任何人都可以参加这次竞赛 ^isinterestedinmakingsmallcanjoininthis..我现在最需要的是你的安慰和鼓励。.据估计，超过30%勺学生对上网上瘾。.运动会这个星期或是下星期开都没有关系。 (makenodifference).最让我们感动的是他做了他能够做的事来帮助那些残疾人。.他再也不是以前的那个人了。..如果你能给我一些关于怎样提高英语口语的建议，我将不胜感激.专家们在这次国际会议上提出了一个问题, 那就是该采取什么措施来解决全球变暖。.凡是想参加这次英语演讲比赛的人必须在这个星期六之前交自己的申请表。.他们现在面对的最大困难是他们缺乏资金和设备。.水对于鱼来说就相当于空气对于人。.就我来看，勇气就是我们要实现梦想所需要的东西。名词性从句的常用句型AistoBwhatCistoD A对B而言正像C对D而言Abookistothemindwhatfoodistothebody.书籍对于心灵而言正如食物对于身体一样。Whatimpresses/surprises/shocks...sb.mostisthat... 最令某人印象深刻/吃惊/震惊的是……Inaddition,whatmayinterestyoumostisthatIamreallynervousandupsetwhentakingtheexam.另外，可能最使你感兴趣的是，考试时我真的既紧张又烦躁。Itis+important/necessary/strange...that...重要的/必要的/奇怪的是 However,itisimportantthatweneverlosetheenthusiasmtokeepontrying.然而，重要的是，我们从来没有丧失过继续努力的热情。Iwonderwhether/if...我想知道是否 Iamwonderingifyoucouldtellmemoreaboutthisactivity. 我想知道你是否能告诉我有关活动的更多的信息。Thechancesare(that)...很可能 Ifyougointoaschooloruniversityeverywhere,thechancesare(that)youwillseestudentsinLiNingtracksuitswiththefamiliarlogo.如果你走进任何一个地方的中学或大学校园，都有可能看到穿着印有李宁那个熟悉标志运动服的学生们。That/This/Itiswhy/because... 那/这就是为什么/因为 IreadaboutyourreformoftheschoolEnglishnewspaper,andthat ’swhyI’mwritingtovoicemyopinion.我获悉了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是为什么我写信发表观点的原因。Thereasonwhy...isthat... 的原因是 Thereasonwhyhewasn’tadmittedintoakeyuniversitywasthathisgradesweretoolow.他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低了。Sb.holdsthebelief/viewthat... 某人(坚定地)持有某种观点 Mostpeopleholdthebeliefthateducationcanchangeone ’sfate.多数人坚定地持有这样的观点，教育能改变人的命运。Noonecandenythefactthat... 谁也不可否认的事实是 Noonecandenythefactthattheenvironmentisgettingpollutedmoreandmoreseriously.谁也不可否认的事实是，环境污染越来越严重了。Itis/wasnosurprise/wonderthat... 不足为怪Sheiswarm-hearted,soitisnosurprise/wonderthatshealwayshelpsthosewhoareintrouble.她是一个热心肠的人，因此她经常帮助那些处于困境的人们就不足为怪了。Anadvantageof...isthat... 的优点是 Anadvantageofusingthesolarenergyisthatitwon ’tcreate/produceanypollution.使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。高考阅读复杂从句赏析：.Theirstudyfoundthattheobromine，foundincocoa，wasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeine ，whichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthatthediscoverycouldleadtomoreeffectivecoughtreatment，“whilecoughingisnotnecessarilyharmful（有害的）itcanhaveamajoreffectonthequalityoflifeand”thisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblem”，saidProfessorPeterBarnes.（NMET2016 全国卷D篇）简析：第一个句子中有一个宾语从句，宾语从句中有一过去分词短语 foundincocoa作定语，还有一个非限制性定语从句；第二个句子中有一个定语从句，宾语从句。译文：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳药物，可是他们的研究发现在可可粉中包含的可可碱，其疗效又比可卡因几乎高三分之一。在因特网上公布了他们的研究成果的伦敦皇家大学的研究员们说道：这种发现可能有助于找到更有效的治咳方式。彼得・巴恩斯教授说道： “这种发现可能在治咳史上向前迈了一大步”。.MuchoftheenergythatcomesfromtheSunneverreachestheEarth’ssurface.Itiseitherreflectedorabsorbedbythegasesintheupperatmosphere.Oftheenergythatreachestheloweratmosphere，30%isreflectedbycloudsortheEarth’ssurface.Theremaining70%warmsthesurfaceoftheplanet.（NMET2017 江苏卷B篇）简析：句子中含有两个定语从句，这是解题的关键。either ...or连结的是并列结构。译文：来自太阳的大部分能量都不会到达地球的表面，这种能量或者被上层大气中的气体反射或吸收。在到达低层大气的能量中，有 30%的能量被云层或地球的表面所反射，剩下的70%使地球的表面温暖。.Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskills，whilemorewomenspeechskills.Itmayallgobacktoourancestors（祖先），amongwhomwomenneededspeechskillstotakecareoftheirbabiesandmenneededspatialskillstohunt，accordingtooneresearch.（NMET2015陕西卷E篇）简析：第一句中包含一个 that引导的同位语从句，在其中又有一个 that引导的定语从句，还有一介词+关系代词（amongwhom另I导的定语从句。注意 morewome佗后省去了与前半句中相同的takeupjobsthatrequire... 。译文：大脑这些差异也解释了这样的事实：更多的男性从事空间技能的工作，而更多的女性则从事需要语言技能的工作。这种现象也可以追溯到我们的祖先时代，据一项研究表明，在他们当中，女性做的是照看孩子这样的需要语言技能的工作，男性做的是像狩猎这样的需要空间技能的工作。.Theresearcherssaidthatamongtheproblemswithsomeearlierstudiesisthattheyoftenfailedtotakeintoaccountthosepeoplemostatriskforskincancer—peoplewithfairskinandfreckles（ 雀斑），forexample—aremorelikelytousesunscreen.Asaresult，itmayappearthatsunscreenusersgetcancermoreoften.（NMET2018福建卷E篇）简析：第一句的主体结构为：Theresearchsaidthat...isthattheyfailedto...，其中第一个 that引导一个宾语从句，宾语从句中又含有一个倒装结构，其中主语为thattheyoften...的一个主语从句，表语为amongtheproblemswith...。破折号间内容为插入语。译文：研究员们说，早期研究带来的问题之一是他们没有考虑到那些最有可能患皮肤癌人，比如皮肤白皙和有雀斑的人。可是皮肤白皙的和有雀斑的人最有可能使用防晒剂，结果是好像防晒剂的使用者患皮肤癌更常见。.YocumandBell，whohavejustcompletedanartgalleryforthecity ，feelthattheexperiencefromdecorationoftheirbuilding，focusingontheinsideratherthantheoutside，hasinfluencedtheirwork.Ithasalsogiventhesearchitectsachancetoshowhowtheycanmakemoreoutofless.（NMET2017 湖南卷B篇）简析：该句中有一个who引导的定语从句，两个宾语从句（分别由that及how引导），v-ing式作定语。第一句的主体结构为：YocumandBellfeelthattheexperiencehasinfluencedtheirwork。译文：刚刚为这座城市建成艺术画廊的约克姆和贝尔，确切感受到装饰他们自己的房子中获得的经验，也就是说，把装饰的注意力放在房子的里面而不是外面对他们的工作产生了影响。同时这