小学英语知识点

小学英语一、名词：有可数名词和不可数名词。1、可数名词有单数、复数之分，名词复数形式的构成规则：一般在名词词尾加“s”女如teacher—teacherseggeggs以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词加es如classclassesbox--boxesbus--buseswatch--watches以辅音字母+y的名词变y为i再加es如：storystorieslibrarylibraries,dictionarydictionarieshobbyhobbies以f,fe结尾的名词，变f,fe为v加es如：lifelivesleafleaveshalfhalvesknifekniveswolf-wolveswifewives以o结尾的名词“英雄芒果土豆西红柿”加esheroheroesmangomangoespotatopotatoestomatotomatoes其余加s(目前所学的词)zoozooskilokilosradio—radiosphotophotospiano--pianos不规则名词单复数形式如：child—childrenwomanwomenmanmenfootfeettoothteeth有的可数名词单、复数形式相同，如Japanese，Chinese，sheep,如：Ihaveonesheep.Hehastwosheep.2、不可数名词没有复数形式不可数名词有：(1)milk,water,juice,tea,ice;food,rice,meat,fish,chicken,bread,cheesepaper,newspaper,hair,time,money,homework,housework不可数名词的数量常表示如下twobottlesofmilkacupofjuicehalfakiloofcheeseabagofricethreekilosofmeatsomewater

二、人称代词人称代词包括主格和宾格。主格在句中作主语，宾格用于动词或介词后作宾语。主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouhimheritthem我我们你，你们他她它他们Wearegoingtohaveapicnic.Letusgo.ImisseveryoneinChina.Whocanhelpme?Whatishedoing?Heistryingtogetonthebus.Lookathim.Shecan'thear.Thisdoghelpsher.TellmemoreabouttheGreatWall.三、物主代词物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词后需跟名词，名词性物主代词后不用跟。名词性物主代词含义=形容词性物主代词+名词的含义形容词性物主代词myouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyourshishersitstheirsThisismybook.=Thisbookismine.Thisishisbag.=Thisbagishis.Yourwatchisold,buthersisnew.Thanksgivingismyfavouritefestival.Wesay“Thankyou”forourfood,familyandfriends.四、疑问词who谁what什么when什么时候whattime几点where哪里why为什么how怎样howmuch多少howmany多少howold多大whose谁的whatcolour什么颜色howlong多长对人物提问用whoWhogaveittoyou?Simon'sfamilygaveittome.Whocanhelpme?Icanhelpyou.对事物或做某事提问用what

Whatdoyouwant?Iwantahotdog.Whatareyoudoing?Iamreadingabook.Whatdoyouwant?Iwantahotdog.Whatareyougoingtostudy?I'mgoingtostudyEnglish,Whatareyougoingtodo?We'regoingtowalkaroundthelake.What'sitabout?It'saboutanimals.3.对时间提问用whenWhenareyougoingtoeat?We'regoingtoeatathalfpasttwelve.Whenwasheborn?Hewasbornin1809.4.对点钟提问用whattimeWhattimeisit?It'stwelve.Whattimedoyougetup?Igetupatsixo'clock.5.对地点提问用whereWherewasheborn?HewasborninFrance.Whereareyou?Iamonthetrain.Where'syourmum?She'satthesupermarket.6.对原因提问用whyWhyareyouwearingaraincoat?Becauseit'sgoingtoram.对身体状况或方式提问用howHowareyou?I'mfine.Howareyougoingtogotoschool?I'mgoingtogotoschoolbybus.对价钱或不可数名词的数量提问用howmuchHowmuchisit?It'sthirteendollarsandtwenty-fivecents.Howmuchmilkdoyouwant?Iwanttwobottlesofmilk.对可数名词的数量提问用howmanyHowmanybooksarethereonthedesk?Therearethreebooksonthedesk.对年龄提问用howoldHowoldareyou?I'mtwelve.Whosecapisthis?It'sAmy'scap.Whosecapisthis?Whosepenisthat?It'shispen.对颜色提问用whatcolourWhatcolourisit?It'sblack.对星期提问用whatdayWhatdayisittoday?It'sMonday.Howlongisit?It'saboutsixthousandsevenhundredkilometers.特殊疑问句语序：疑问词+一般疑问句语序？例：Howdoyougotoschool?疑问词（做主语）+谓语动词+……?例：Whogaveittoyou?五．时态1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示过去的时间连用。如yesterday（昨天）,lastweek（上周），lastmonth（上个月）,lastyear（去年），twomonthsago（两个月前）等。构成：（1）肯定句：主语+动词过去式+……Hemadeavideo.否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形+Hedidn'tmakeavideo.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+?Didhemakeavideo?（2）be动词用was,were.否定句在was,were后加not.一般疑问句把was,were提前到句首。ShewasborninAmerica.ShewasnotborninAmerica.WassheborninAmerica?2.现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作构成：主语+am/is/are+现在分词+Thebirdsaresinginginthetrees.11.对“某人的”提问用whoseThebirdsarenotsinginginthetrees.否定句在am/is/11.对“某人的”提问用whoseThebirdsarenotsinginginthetrees.一般疑问句把am/is/are提前到句首。一般疑问句：Does一般疑问句把am/is/are提前到句首。一般疑问句：Does+主语+动词原形+一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示将来的时间连用。如tomorrow（明天）,nextweek（下周）,nextyear（明年）等。构成：（1）主语+will+动词原形+……Hewillpickuptheapples.否定句在will后加not.Hewillnotpickuptheapples.一般疑问句把will提前到句首。Willhepickuptheapples?（2）主语+begoingto+动词原形+……WearegoingtostudyFrench.否定句在am/is/are后加not.Doeshelikenoodles六．动词过去式形式规则动词的过去式构成一般在动词词尾加ed如：workworkedplayplayedwatch--watched以e结尾动词在词尾加d如：livelived以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y变为i再加ed如：studystudiedcopycopiedcrycriedcarrycarried有些动词双写最后一个字母再加ed，WearenotgoingtostudyFrench.动词原形动词过去式动词原形动词过去式WearenotgoingtostudyFrench.动词原形动词过去式动词原形动词过去式一般疑问句把am/is/are提前到句首。gowentcomecameAreyougoingtostudyFrench?becomebecamebringbrought4.一般现在时saysaidputput表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态。teachtaughtcancould构成：（1）主语+am/is/are+readreadgivegave否定句在am/is/are后加not.一般疑问句把amam/iswasarewere/is/are提前到句首。dodidflyflewHelenKellerisamodelforblindpeopleandforhavehadmakemadeyouandme.runranseesaw(2)肯定句：主语+动词原形+……riderodewinwonTheduckslikeit.getgottelltold否定句：主语+don't+动词原形+eatatesendsentTheducksdon'tlikeit.taketookbuybought一般疑问句：Do+主语+动词原形+…….?sitsatmeetmetDotheduckslikeit?writewrotedrawdrew(3)肯定句：主语(三单)+动词第三人称单数形式swimswamflyflew+……rinkdrankgivegaveHelikesnoodles.ringrangfallfell不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。否定句：主语+doesn't+动词原形+Hedoesn'tlikenoodles.looklookingsingsinging

jumpjumpinge再加上“ing”comecomingmakemakingclose--七．动词looklookingsingsinging

jumpjumpinge再加上“ing”comecomingmakemakingclose--一般在动词词尾直接加“ing”sleepsleepingwearwearingsendsendingeateatinggogoingplayplaying以不发音的e结尾的动词要去掉writewritingrideridinghavehavingshineshiningtaketakingclosing有些动词双写最后一个字母再加“ing”getgettingputputtingsitsittingrunrunning

swimswimmingskipskippingshopshopping八．动词第三人称单数形式动词第三人称单数的构成规则1大多数动词在词尾加“S”.stop－stopsmake－makesread－readsplay－playssay[sei]－says[sez]以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”fly－fliescarry－carriesstudy－studiesworry－worries以“s,x,sh，ch,o”结尾，在词尾加“es”.teach－teacheswatch－watchesgo—goesdo-does九、情态动词can过去式could后加动词原形IcanwriteEnglish.Icancarrythisbag.Icanhelpyou.Wecanalwaysbefriends.Latershecouldreadandwrite.否定句在can,could后加notcannot=can'tcouldnot=couldn'tWecan'tgonow.Ican'twriteChinese.Ican'tcarryeverything.Hisfriendscan'thearhim.Shecouldn'tseeandshecouldn'thear.一般疑问句把can,could提前到句首。Canyouswim?Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.CanyouspeakEnglish?CanIwritetoyourfriends?CanyoubemyChinesepenfriend?十.反义词Yes,ofcourse.bigsmallCanyoubemyChinesepenfriend?十.反义词Yes,ofcourse.bigsmalllongshortnewoldtallshortyoungoldheavylighteasyhard/difficultupdownearlylatefatthinwhiteblackcrylaughdifferentsameinsideoutsidehotcoldhappysadgoodbadcleandirtybringtakethisthatthesethosealwaysneverwomanman十一、同音词forfoursonsunhourourtoo--tworightwriteeyeIaren'tauntsentcentwhereweartheirtherebybuyseeseagoodwellstudylearn十三、缩写形式与完全形式Iam=I'mheis=he'ssheis=she'sitis=it'sthatis=that'swhatis=what'sletus=let'sweare=we'retheyare=they'reyouare=you'recannot=can'tcouldnot=couldn'tshouldnot=shouldn'twillnot=won'tI'll=Iwillwe'll=wewilldonot=don'tdoesnot=doesn'tdidnot=didn'tithasgot=it'sgotIhavegot=I'vegothavenot=haven'thasnot=hasn'tarenot=aren'tisnot=isn't十四、小学英语分类单词和词组天气：rain下雨snow下雪rainy有雨的snowy有雪的hot炎热的cold寒冷的warm温暖的cool凉爽的windy有风的sunny晴朗的食物：hamburger汉堡hotdog热狗sandwich三明治chip薯条chicken鸡肉fish鱼肉meat肉noodles面条rice大米soup汤cake蛋糕bread面包cheese奶酪vegetable蔬菜fruit水果sausage香肠biscuit饼干sweets糖果icecream冰激凌peanut花生饮料：milk牛奶tea茶orangejuice橙汁coffee咖啡cola可乐water水juice果汁颜色：red红色的green绿色的yellow黄色的black黑色的white白色的orange橙色的blue蓝色的purple紫色的pink粉红色的星期：Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四Friday星期五Saturday星期六Sunday星期日月份：January一月February二月March三月April四月May五月June六月July七月August八月September九月October十月November十一月December十二月季节：spring春天summer夏天autumn秋天winter冬天数字：one一two二three三four四five五six六seven七eight八nine九ten十eleven十一twelve十二thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五sixteen十六seventeen十七eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十thirty三十forty四十fifty五十sixty六十seventy七十eighty八十ninety九十onehundred一百onethousand一千onemillion一百万衣服：T-shirtT恤衫dress裙子sweater毛衣trousers裤子skirt短裙sock袜子shoe鞋coat外套，上衣动物：cat猫dog狗monkey猴panda熊猫elephant大象tiger老虎lion狮子pig猪chameleon变色龙snake蛇mouse老鼠bear熊kangaroo袋鼠frog青蛙parrot鹦鹉bird鸟owl猫头鹰camel骆驼家庭成员：grandmother奶奶grandfather爷爷grandparents祖父母mother妈妈father爸爸parents父母亲brother兄弟sister姐妹uncle叔，伯，舅aunt阿姨cousin表兄弟学科：Chinese语文English英语Math数学PE体育Art艺术Science科学Physics物理Chemistry化学History历史Geography地理节日：FlagDay国旗日ThanksgivingDay感恩节Halloween万圣节EasterFestival复活节Christmas圣诞节SpringFestival春节LanternFestival元宵节DragonBoatFestival端午节Mid-AutumnFestival中秋节名胜景点：BigBen大本钟theRiverThames泰晤士河HydePark海德公园TowerBridge塔桥theLondonBridge伦敦桥theBritishMuseum大英博物馆theLondonEye伦敦眼theGreatWall长城theSummerPalace颐和园theChangjiangRiver长江theWestLake西湖theHuangshanMountain黄山TheMingTombs明十三陵MountQomolangma珠穆朗玛峰球类：playfootball踢足球playbasketball打篮球playbaseball打棒球playtabletennis打乒乓球playvolleyball打排球棋类：playchess下象棋乐器：playtheguitar弹吉他playthedrums敲鼓playthezither弹吉他playthepiano弹钢琴playtheflute吹笛子playthetrumpet吹小号体育运动：haveaSportsDay举行运动会domorningexercises做早操doTaijiquan打太极拳dothehighjump跳远dothelongjump跳高runthe100meters跑一百米runfast跑得快jumphigh跳高jumplong跳远swim游泳goswimming去游泳skip跳绳controltheball控制球catchtheball接球rowaboat划船生日：HappyBirthday!生日快乐makeabirthdaycard制作生日卡片haveabirthdayparty举办生日派对haveagreatbirthday过愉快的生日交通工具：bybus乘公共汽车bycar乘小汽车bybike骑自行车byplane乘飞机byship乘轮船bytrain坐火车onfoot步行词组：flykites或者flyakite放风筝gotoseefilms去看电影watchTV看电视playcomputergames玩电脑游戏haveapicnic吃野餐gotoschool去上学gohome回家gotothepark去公园gotomiddleschool去上中学gotobed去睡觉gothere去那里goshopping去购物gotothedoctor去看病saygoodnight道晚安flyaway飘走makeavideo制作录像makemistakes犯错误writealetter写信writeabook写书takepictures=takephotos照相listentomusic听音乐readabook读书readstories读故事dohomework做作业makeacake做蛋糕makedumplings做饺子washclothes洗衣服makeane-card制作电子卡片rideahorse骑马climbmountains爬山climbtrees爬树havealovelytime玩的开心askquestions问问题makealist列清单shoppinglist购物单collectstamps收集邮票singsongs唱歌turnleft向左转cleantheclassroom打扫教室eatfastfood吃快餐turnright向右转gostraighton直走haveacold感冒haveaheadache头疼havebreakfast吃早餐havelunch吃午餐havesupper吃晚餐=havedinnerhaveabaseballteam组建棒球队comeon加油comein进来comefrom来自=befromcomeback回来clickon点击goupthehill上山godownthehill下山playwithdolls玩洋娃娃findout查找begoodat擅长bringback归还outof往外ofcourse当然可以inEnglish用英语allovertheworld=allaroundtheworld全世界standup起立sitdown坐下attheweekend在周末not...atall一点也不getup起床geton上车getoff下车inahurry匆忙nextto挨着turnonthelight打开灯pointto指向talkabout谈论talktosb和某人谈话giveout分发writetosb给某人写信sayhellotosb向某人打招呼缩写：thePRC=thePeople'sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国theUSA=theUnitedStatesofAmerica美国theUN=theUnitedNations联合国theUK=theUnitedKingdom英国十五.句型介词后加动词ing形式It'sforplayingbaseball.说某种语言用speakWearegoingtospeakChinese.IcanspeakEnglish.HecanspeakFrench.辅音音素前用a,元音音素前用anahotdogacaranhouranicecreamanappleanorangeanegganemailananimalanelephant4.想做某事wanttodosomethingWhatdoyouwanttoeat?Whatdoyouwanttodrink?DoyouwanttogotoChinatown?Iwanttogoswimming.想让某人做某事wantsomebodytodosthIwantedyoutobringthebaseballcaps.Iwantyoutobemyfriends.5.be动词包括am,is,are.用法我接am你接are,is跟着他她它。单数不可数用is,复数用are.IaminClassOne.YouareinClassTwo.HeisinClassThree.Ourpicniciswet.Mynewspaperisflyingaway.Theseducksareverynoisy.Theorangesarefalling.Thesepostcardsaregreat.询问天气用What'stheweatherlike?或者Howistheweather?描述天气用动词或者be+表示天气的形容词It'sgoingtosnowinHarbin.It'sgoingtorainsoon.It'sgoingtobesunnytomorrow.在星期几，具体的某一天用onIhadaveryfunnydayonSaturday.onTeachers'DayonFlagDayonThanksgivingDay8.look表示看，看起来lookat表示看某物某人see表示看见lookoutof往..外看Look!Heisrunning.Itlooksgood.Icanseeyou.Wearelookingatsomeducks.Iamlookingoutofthewindow.Lookatthisone.名词所有格表示某人的，一般在名词词尾加's.I'mmakingDaming'sbirthdaycard.球类前不加the,乐器前加theDamingisplayingthetrumpet.Icanplaytheviolin.I'mgoingtoplayfootballwithmyfriends.在某年，某月，某季节，在上午，下午，晚上用ininOctober2003in1809inspringinthemorningintheafternoonintheevening15.beproudof为...感到自豪Hewasveryproudofhim.16.许多的lotsof等于alotof后加复数名词或者不可数名词many后加复数名词much后加不可数名词lotsofpeoplelotsofmistakesmanybooks

muchmilk17.What'sthematter?怎么了？18.在某一时刻用atWearegoingtohaveapartyathalfpastsix.19.let's等于letus后加动词原形Let'sgo.Let'ssendanemailtoDad.20.Hereyouare.给你！21.some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑问句中Iamsendingsomephotos.IcanspeaksomeEnglish.ThesearesomestampsfromCanada.Thereweren'tanytelevisionsmanyyearsago.HaveyougotanyAmericanstamps?20.too当“也”用时，放在句尾。Thecolaisfalling,too.too还可以当“太”讲It'stoobigforyou.toomany太多Therearetoomanybooksonthedesk.ThankyouforThankyouforyouremail.Thankyoufortalkingtous.Whatabout?等于Howabout?后加名词，代词宾格，动词ing形式。Whataboutchopsticks?Howaboutyou?Whataboutswimming?buysth.forsb.=buysb.sth.给某人买某物Iboughtyouabook.=Iboughtabookforyou.givesth.tosb.=givesb.sth.给某人某物PleasegivethesepencilstoAmy.=PleasegiveAmythesepencils.Hegivespresentstothechildren.GrandmagivesDamingapresent.learntodosth学会做某事Helenlearnedtospeak.Latershelearnedtoread.喜欢做某事likedoingsth.Ilikecollectingstamps.HelikesplayingtheIlikereadingandswimming.bereadyfor为…..做好准备Areyoureadyforyourtriptomorrow?Happybirthdaytoyou.Thankyou.Thankyouverymuch.Youarewelcome./That'sallright.I'msorry.Itdoesn'tmatter./Notatall./That'sallright.That'sallright.=That'sokay/OK.Nicetomeetyou.Nicetomeetyou,too.Howareyou?I'mfine,thankyou.Howdoyoudo?Howdoyoudo?Wouldyouliketocometoschoolwithus?Yes,I'dloveto.Wouldyoulikesomejuice?Yes,please.Wouldyoulikesomebread?No,thanks.What'sthedatetoday?It'sJune1.CanIaskyousomequestions?Yes,ofcourse.thesameas与……一样LineAisthesameasLineB.waitfor等候某人某物Waitforus.should应该shouldn't不应该后加动词原形Youshouldeatfruit.Youshouldn'twalkintheroad.-Whatdoyouhaveforbreakfast?--Ihaveeggs.atschool在学校athome在家onTV感叹句WhataninterestingCD-ROM!Whatamess!Whatabigbuilding!Whatafantasticpresent!Whathappenedtohim?Doyoulikemeat?Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.DoesDaminglikepears?Y