弗洛伊德理论课件

SigmundFreud

(6May

1856

–23Sept.1939)wasanAustrian

neurologist

whobecameknownasthefounding

fatherof

psychoanalysis.

TheInterpretationofDreams

(1899[1900])《梦的解析》ThreeEssaysontheTheoryofSexuality(1905)《性学三论》OnNarcissism

(1914)

《论自恋》BeyondthePleasurePrinciple

(1920)《超越快乐原则》TheEgoandtheId

(1923)《自我与本我》MajorworksbyFreud

人格结构理论:

Id,Ego,Superego(自我、本我、超我)精神层次理论:

Conscious,

Preconscious,Unconscious(意识、前意识、潜意识)心理治疗法:

FreeAssociation,DreamInterpretation,Transference(自由联想、释梦、移情)SomeIdeasofSigmundFreudPleasurePrinciple

InFreudianpsychology,thepleasureprincipleistheinstinctualseekingofpleasureandavoidingofpaininordertosatisfybiologicalandpsychologicalneeds.Specifically,thepleasureprincipleisthedrivingforceguidingtheid.RealityPrinciple

InFreudianpsychology,therealityprincipleistheabilityofthemindtoassesstherealityoftheexternalworld,andtoactuponitaccordingly,asopposedtoactingonthepleasureprinciple.快乐原则与现实原则

婴儿的初级心理系统的特点是顺从心理冲动、追求快乐，这就是快乐原则；

同时，人生活在社会中，道德、法律等都要求人们克制本能冲动，适应现实生活，否则不但得不到快乐，反而会痛苦，这就是现实原则。

快乐原则和现实原则是弗洛伊德早期精神分析理论主要观点之一。

Throughoutchildhood,childrenlearnhowtocontroltheirurgesandbehaveinwaysthataresociallyappropriate.Researchershavefoundthatchildrenwhoarebetteratdelayinggratificationmayhavebetterdefinedegos.

Becausetheytendtobemoreconcernedwiththingssuchassocialappropriatenessandresponsibility.Mostadultshavedevelopedthecapacityfortherealityprincipleintheirego.Theyhavelearnedtooverridetheconstantandimmediategratificationdemandsoftheid.Comparison

Similarity:

Boththerealityprincipleandpleasureprinciplepursuepersonalgratification.

Difference:Therealityprincipleismorefocusedonthelong-termandismoregoal-orientedwhilethepleasureprincipledisregardseverythingexceptfortheimmediatefulfillmentofitsdesires.

Ininfancyandearlychildhood,theidrulesbehaviorbyobeyingonlythepleasureprinciple.Peopleatthatageonlyseekimmediategratification,aimingtosatisfycravingssuchashunger,thirstandsex.

PleasurePrinciple

→

RealityPrinciple

Therealityprincipleandpleasure

principlearetwocompetingconceptsestablishedbyFreud.

Thepleasureprincipleisthepsychoanalyticconceptbasedonthepleasuredriveoftheidinwhichpeopleseekpleasureandavoidsufferinginordertosatisfytheirbiologicalandpsychologicalneeds.Aspeoplemature,theid'spleasure-seekingismodifiedbytherealityprinciple.

Asitsucceedsinestablishingitsdominanceasaregulatoryprincipleovertheid,thesearchforsatisfactiondoesnottakethemostdirectroutes,butinsteadpostponesattainmentofitsgoalinaccordancewithconditionsimposedbytheoutsideworld,orinotherwords,deferredgratification.

Thesetwoconceptscanbeviewedinpsychologicaltermsorprocesses,withthepleasureprinciplebeingconsideredtheprimaryprocessthatismoderatedbythesecondaryprocess（

therealityprinciple）.

Inhumand