基础医学英语-Fundamental-U

FundamentalMedicalEnglish

《基础医学英语》

中国海洋大学出版社任课教师：山东大学戈立geli@1医学pptTeachingSet-upThiscourseisconductedonaone-unit-aweekbasisprecededbyageneralintroductiontomedicalEnglishinthefirstweekoftheschoolterm.Unitschosenareasfollows:2医学pptUnit7TheUrinarySystemUnit2TheMusculoskeletalSystemUnit1HolismUnit3TheNervousSystemUnit4TheCirculatorySystemUnit5TheRespiratorySystemUnit6TheDigestiveSystem3医学pptUnit13MedicationUnit8TheImmuneSystemUnit11CloningandGenesUnit14MicrobiologyUnit12PathologyUnit15ASurveyofMedicine4医学pptRoutinesforeachunit1.WordFormation2.GroupDiscussion3.BackgroundKnowledge4.UnderstandingtheText5.Assignment5医学pptUnit3TheNervousSystem6医学pptneur/o-神经WordFormation(neuron,neurofibril)necle/o核(nucleus)gangli/o-,ganglion/o-神经节gli/o-胶,胶质(ganglia)(neuroglia)peri-周,周围(peripheral)-tic…的(sympathetic,antagonistic)-ic…的(preganglionic)-atic…的(plasmatic)7医学pptspin/o-

脊柱(spinal,spine)micro-小,微,细(microtubule)cerebr/o-脑(cerebrum,cerebral)crani/o-颅骨(cranial)para-周,旁,副;异常(parasympathetic)pre-在前(preganglionic)post-在后(postganglionic)enter/o-肠(enteric)dendr/o-,dendri-树(dendritic)axo-轴,轴突(axon)8医学pptmedull/o

髓质cyt/o,-cyte细胞(medulla)(cytoplasm)mito-线(mitochondrial)-ule(使小后缀)(spinule,tubule)fibr/o-纤维(neurofibril)9医学pptGroupDiscussion1.Whatdoyouknowaboutnervoussystem?2.Whyisthenervoussystemimportanttous?10医学pptNervoussystemThesystemofcells,tissues,andorgansthatregulatesthebody'sresponsestointernalandexternalstimuli.Invertebratesitconsistsofthebrain,spinalcord,nerves,ganglia,andpartsofthereceptorandeffectororgans.

Thereareprobablymorethan100000millionnervecellsinthebody.Thenervoussystemisthesumtotalofallthese,togetherwiththeirnervefibers,whichspreadthroughoutthebody,andthevarioussupportingcomponentsofnervoustissue.

BackgroundKnowledge11医学pptLikeacentralprocessingunit,thenervoussystemregulatesandcoordinatesmanybodyactivities.Itisdividedintothecentralnervoussystem(CNS),includingthebrainandspinalcord,andtheperipheralnervoussystem(PNS),composedofnerves,ganglia,andreceptors.

12医学pptNervesaredividedintosensorynerves,motornerves,andmixednerves.Sensorynervesreceiveimpulsesfromthevarioussystemsofthebody,suchastheeyes,ears,nose,tongueandskin.AndbringthemtotheCNS,whilemotornervesconductimpulsesfromtheCNStomusclesandglands.Therefore,sensorynervesarealsocalledafferentnerves,andmotornervesareefferentnerves.Mixednervesarecomposedbothofsensoryandmotornerves.13医学pptNervousSystemOrganization14医学pptUnderstandingtheTextPartIGeneralIntroduction(para.1-5)Para.1Questions:1.Whatdoesthisparagraphmainlytalkabout?2.Explainthefollowing:

neurons/nervecells/nuclei/ganglia/neurogliacomponentsandfunctionsofnervoussystem15医学pptPara.2

Question:

3.Whatarethefunctionsofneuronsandneuroglia?DifficultPointsvariety----n.thequalityofnotbeingthesame多样化,变化e.g.1)Hiswritinglacksvariety.(文体缺乏变化）2)givevarietytotheprogramme(使节目丰富多彩)3)Neuronsareconstructedinvariousvarieties.

神经元的构成是多样的。16医学moncharacteristicsnervepulseconduction----神经冲动的传导

regulate----

v.调节(regulator,regulation)e.g.chemicalregulators化学调节物,化学调控剂17医学pptPara.3

Question:

4.Whatarethebasiccomponentsofneurons?

(nucleolusn.核仁/nucleus细胞核)Para.4Question:5.Whatarethefunctionsofdendrites?

dendriticspinules微刺dendritic

zone树突区18医学pptPara.5

Question:

6.Whatconsistsofthecytoplasmofaxon?DifficultPjectingpartofthebody突起e.g.articulatingprocess关节突ciliaryprocesses睫状突mastoidprocess乳突transverseprocess横突xiphoidprocess剑突19医学ppt20医学ppt21医学ppt22医学ppt23医学ppt24医学ppt25医学ppt26医学pptPartIITheCentralNervousSystem(para.6-9)

Para.6

Question:

7.Whatarethecomponentsofcentralnervoussystem?

Para.7-8

Question:

8.Whatdothesetwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?27医学pptDifficultPointscerebralcortexintegration/integrate综合;整合process----n.technicalorscientificaction方法e.g.Aprocessfortestingserumsampleshasbeendevelopedintheresearchlaboratory.实验室研发了一种检测血清样本的新方法。28医学pptfinelytuned----调节精细的tunev.调节,调整;使和谐,使一致e.g.Thecolorsareperfectlytunedtoeachother.颜色很协调。Themachinehasjustbeentuned.机器刚调整过。Para.9bundlednervecellprocesses----成束的神经细胞突起

29医学pptcerebrum30医学pptcerebellum31医学pptpituitary32医学ppthypothalamus33医学pptBrainstem34医学ppt35医学ppt36医学ppt37医学ppt38医学ppt39医学ppt40医学ppt41医学ppt42医学pptBrainBrainStemMedullaoblongataTheponsThemidbrainCerebellumDiencephalonGraymatterWhitematterCerebrumHypothalamusThalamusGraymatterWhitematterBasalganglia43医学pptPartIIIThePeripheralNervousSystem(para.10)

Thefourgroupsofnervesthatbranchfromthecervical,thoracic,lumbar,andsacralregionsofthespinalcordarecalledtheperipheralnerves.

Theperipheralnervoussystemincludesallthenervesandgangliafoundoutsidethebrainandspinalcord,morespecifically,thecranial,spinalandautonomicnerves.

axonal/dendriticprocesses轴突/树突(P40)44医学pptSynapseImportanttargetsfordrugsarefoundinthesynapse.Synapsesarefoundwhereneuronsmeetandarecentraltoinformationtransferinthebody.Messagesaretransmittedbetweenneuronsviasynapses.45医学ppt46医学pptPartIVAutonomicnervoussystem(para.11-14)AspartofthePeripheralNervousSystem,AutonomicNervousSystemissocalledbecauseitregulatesthefunctionsofthevisceralorgansandhomeostasisinvoluntarilyandautomatically.Itactsonglandsandsmoothmuscles,anditseffectsincludecontrolofheartrateandforceofcontraction,constrictionanddilatationofbloodvessels,contractionandrelaxationofsmoothmuscleinvariousorgans,visualaccommodation,pupillarysizeandsecretionsfromexocrineandendocrineglands.47医学pptPara.11-12Question:9.Whatarethemainfunctionsofautonomicnervoussystem?48医学ppt

DifficultPointsPara.11processes----n.过程sexualexcitement----性兴奋sleep-wakefulnesscycle----睡眠周期Para.12encompass----v.包括process----v.处理autonomicmotoroutflows----自主运动的输出

integratedresponses----综合反应

49医学pptPara.13-14Question:10.Whatarethethreemajordivisionsofautonomicnervoussystem?Whatfunctionsdotheyhaverespectively?50医学ppt

DifficultPointstargetcell/organ/tissuee.g.Thetargetcellsforadultmyeloidleu