智能建筑 毕业设计 英文 外文 翻译

英文原文IntelligentBuildingGeneralAnIntelligentEverincreasingoccupationdensitiesaswellastheexponentialdevelopmentandquasiuniversaluseofpersonalcomputerscoupledtomarketglobalizationandcommunicationcapabilities,overthepast20years,haverenderedtheIntelligentBuilding(IB)conceptapriorityconsiderationintheplanningofneworupgradedOfficebuildings.Evolutiontowardsnewsocialpriorities,forthemoreeducatedofficeworkeroftoday,hasalsoledtosubstantialincreasesinenvironmentalissuedemandsandstandards.Socialstudiesrevealedadirectrelationshipbetweenusersatisfactionintheworkplaceandproductivity.Individualcontrolcapabilityofambientconditions,ateachworkstation,wasidentifiedasamajorelementleadingtousersatisfaction.TechnologicaldevelopmentsandcostattenuationsthroughtechnologicaldevelopmentandproductavailabilityhavenowrenderedtheIntelligent2、OverviewDefinitionsfortheIntelligentBuildingconceptstillvarybutthemostaccepteddescriptionistheoneproducedbytheBarcelona-basedInstitutdefonsCerdà:“Abuildingwhichincorporatesinformationsystemsthatsupporttheflowofinformationthroughoutthebuilding,offeringadvancedservicesofbusinessautomationandtelecommunications,allowingfurthermoreautomaticcontrol,monitoringmanagementandmaintenanceofthedifferentsubsystemsorservicesofthebuildinginanoptimumandintegratedway,localand/orremote,anddesignedwithsufficientflexibilitytomakepossibleinasimpleandeconomicalwaytheimplementationoffuturesystems.〞Totheuninitiated,theperceptionofabuilding’sdegreeofintelligenceistoooftencorrelatedwiththesophisticationlevelofitsEnergyManagementandControlSystem(EMCS)anditsCommunicationssystem.However,tobeeffective,itmustalsoencompassitsmechanicalandelectricalsystemsordertominimizecostsandmaximizeefficiency.TherewouldbelittlepointindevelopingidealEMCSanditsCommunicationsystemsfortheoccupantsifHVAC,Lightingandothersystemsannotmeetandsatisfytheneedsoftheoccupants.InanewIBinstallationweshouldexpectthefollowingfeatures:•High-speedfibreopticcommunicationnetworktrunkfordata,videoandBAS.•FlexibleHVACsystemwithmodulardistributionand100%outdooraircapabilitytotakeadvantageoffreecoolingaswellastoallowflushingofthebuildingtodilutevolatileoff-gassingcontaminants;•AdvancedintegratedEnergyManagement&ControlSystem(EMCS)utilizingdirectdigitalcontroltechnologyforHVAC,Lighting,FireAlarmandotherbuildingsupportsystems;•DedicatedcircuitpowerdistributionnetworkcompletewithUninterruptablePowerSupplyunits;•Generousstandbypowergeneration;•Highefficiencyfiltration,energyrecuperationand/orthermalstoragefeaturestoimproveindoorairqualityandenergyconsumptionperformance;•Networkedmulti-useraccessincorporatingstructuredpasswordprotection;•Maximumtransparencyandcommunicationcapabilitiesbetweensubsystems;•ElectricaldesignfeaturestailoredtoIntelligent•IndividuallycontrolledHVACterminalunitsallowingoccupantcontrolflexibilitythroughIntelligentTerminalsControllersateachworkstation.Inretrofitbuildingswewouldexpectvariationsoftheabovefeaturesbasedonanowningandoperatingeconomicalanalysistakingintoaccounttheexistingservicesandthebenefitsensuingthroughtheirreplacementand/orupgrade.Majorretrofits,particularlythoseinvolvingdesignsdatingback20yearsormore,aregenerallydictatedbyacombinationofthefollowing:•Newcoderequirements,•Updatedindoorairqualitystandards,•Revisedenergyefficiencyguidelines,•IncreasedinternalelectricalrequirementsassociatedtothegeneralizeduseofPCs.•Revisedbuildinguse.TheaveragelifecycleofmostM&Einstallationsis20yearsversusanaveragebuildinglifecycleof50years.Theseretrofits,therefore,oftendictateacompleterevampingoftheexistingM&Einstallationswellbeforethebuilding’slifecyclehasexpired.Thisfrequentlyoffersanopportunitytoupgradethebuilding’ssupportsystemstoIBstandards.3、HistoryTheIBconceptsurfacedintheearly80'sandgenerallyadvocatedextensiveuseofelaboratecentralizedelectronicsystemstofacilitatecontrolofbuildingsupportandcommunicationsystemsforvoiceanddata.TheinitialconceptpromotedcommunicationnetworkstoallowcentralizedwordprocessingservicesandlimitedinteractionbetweenindividualoccupantsandtheBuildingAutomationSystemsthroughtouchtonephonestooverridelocalHVACsetpointsandlightingschedules.Buildersandownerswerepressuredtodevelopintelligentbuildings,inspiteofthehighpremiumcosts,atthattime,forprestigereasonsandforenhancedrentalpotential.TheBuildingAutomationSystemandtheCommunicationSystemindustryaswellasotherspecializedinterestgroupssoondevelopedspecificproductsandapplicationstomeetandfacilitatetheimplementationoftheIntelligentBuildingconcept.ThesedevelopmentscoupledtotheburgeoningPersonalComputermarketdevelopmenthavesincereducedcostpremiumsdrasticallyandgreatlyimprovedtheensuingbenefitsforIntelligentBuildings.TheIBconceptisnowwellacceptedandappliedinEurope,AsiaandNorthAmerica.4、FuturetrendsTheformerIntelligentBuildingInstitute(IBI)foundationadvocated,afewyearsago,aneedtorecognize,infuturebuildingdesigns,thetransitionfromnationaleconomiestoacombinationoflocalandglobaleconomiesandthereforetheneedtofacilitateeachemployee’saccesstoglobalcommunicationnetworks.Theypredictedthatinformationtechnologyaccesswillprovidethebiggestsingleimpetusforchangeintheofficeenvironment.Thispredictionhasnowbecomeareality.IBIalsopredictedthatenvironmentalissuesandparticularlyIndoorAirQuality(IAQ)werebecomingaprimaryconcerninthedesignofthenewofficebuildings.Improvedairfiltrationandincreasedairchangewerepinpointedasmajorconcernsinadditiontoflexibleambientroomconditioncontrol.OtherstudiesperformedrecentlyrevealthattheuseofPersonalEnvironmentControllersformerlycalledIntelligentTerminalControllersorhasmeasurablyincreasedoccupantsatisfactionintheworkplaceonanumberofpilotprojectinstallations.PECsareacombinationofmechanical,electricalandcontroldevicesdevelopedfortheworkstationenvironmentcontrolandconceivedtoprovidetheoccupantwiththemeanstodefineandinteractontemperaturesetpoints,airflowvolumeanddiffusionpatternsaswellaslightinglevelsaffectingproductivityandusersatisfaction.ThesestudieshaveassociatedimprovedproductiontotheuseofIntelligentTerminalsControllers.5、IntelligentBuildingModelTheIBmodelstructurehasbeensubdividedintosevensystemswhichmaybeinterfacedtovaryingdegrees.Thesesystemsare...·HeatingVentilatingandAirConditioning(HVAC)system;·LightingSystem;·ElectricalPowerDistributionsystem;·VerticalTransportSystem;·SecuritySystem;·LifeSafetySystem;·CommunicationsSystem;ThegeneralobjectiveoftheIntelligentBuildingSystemistoregroupcontrolofthesesubsystemsandfacilitateinterchangebetweenthemtothemaximumjustifiableextentwhilemaintainingmaximalinitialandfuturecompetitivebiddingpossibilitiesofeachcomponentaswellasallowingdependentandtimelyupgradingofeachsystemasnewtechnologiesevolveinitsparticularfield.TheIBconceptalsoattemptstocombine,whereverpossible,thecablingnetworksforthesesubsystemsinordertominimizecostsandfacilitateintercommunicationorallowfutureupgrading.EffortsarebeingdeployedbetweenASHRAE,IEEE,AEEandthecomputerindustrytodevelopuniversalcommunicationprotocolstandards.Itisnotexpected,however,thatuniversalstandardswillbecomearealityforanotherdecade.Thecablingstructuremustthereforebeconceivedtoaccommodatetheforeseeablerequirementswithminimaldisturbanceandcostwhenandifuniversalstandardsmaterialize.Thefavouredbackbonecommunicationcablingtechnologyatthistimefavorsfibreoptictechnology,becauseofitshighspeedcommunicationpotential.6、FacilitiesManagementnumberoffacilitymanagementprogramsareavailableonthemarket.Theyvaryincomplexityaswellasintheirabilitytointegratecomplexsystemssuchas:·CADdrawingrecordsoffloorandofficelayouts;·Furnitureinventory;·MaintenancemanagementprogramsforM&Eequipment·Preventivemaintenanceofbuildingstructures;·Realtimedataacquisitiononequipmentruntime;·Dynamicenergyconsumptiontotalspertenant;·Historicaldatastorage;·Costcontrolandbudgetingcapabilities;·Analyticalprograms.TheIntelligentBuilding’sroleinthissystemistoallowcommunicationbetweentheoverallfacilitymanagementprogramandspecializedmanagementsub-programssuchastheEMCS,theM&EMaintenanceManagementorthePreventiveMaintenancetogatherdataorconveyuserpetenciesorindividualbuildingsofacomplexwhilemaintainingcapabilitiesforoverallcentralizationofdataandcontrol.TheIBcommunicationcapabilitiescanalsofacilitateinterchangewithaccountingorotherNetworkstoimportorexportpertinentdatawhetherinhouseoroutsourced.7、ConclusionsTheIntelligentBuildingconceptrepresentsanewtrendinofficebuildingplanningandonemoresteptowardsthefuturethroughaddedflexibilityandadaptationtomarketandcommunicationglobalization.Thisconceptregroupsworkerandbuildingmanagementneedsinacommonandmanageablecommunicationinfrastructure.ThebasicIBobjectiveisimproveworkersatisfactionandproductivitythroughenhancedworkspaceenvironmentandcommunicationcapabilities.IncludingtheIBconceptintheinitialplanningstagesofthemodernofficebuildingwillprovidesubstantialflexibilityforthemidandlongtermlifeofthebuildingparticularlytocommunicationintensiveuserclients.Inmostinstancesitwillreducetenantfitupcostsdowntheroadandprovideenhancedflexibilityandmanagementcapabilitieswhilereducingenergyconsumption.FullimplementationofallIBsystemsmaynotbenecessaryintheinitialfit-upofabuilding.Itis,however,mandatorytorecognizethebasicoverallconceptandimplementafullcommunicationcablingbackbonestructurefromtheonsetinordertoaccommodatefutureuserneeds.Thecommunicationbackbonemustbedistributedtostrategicallylocatedcommunicationrooms(Telcorooms)oneachflooraspartoftheinitialdesign.SubsequentfloordistributionassociatedtoanyneworupgradedIBsystemcouldbeachieved,viathesuspendedceilingspacewithminimalcuttingandpatching.JustificationfortheIBconceptmustbeanalyzedindependentlyforeachbuildingorfit-upandmusttakeintoaccountallderivedbenefitsincludingincreasedproductivity,flexibility,improvedcomfortandworkersatisfactionaswellaspotentialfuturesavingsovertheprojectedlifecycleofthebuilding.ApplicationofthebasicIntelligentBuildingconceptintoday’smodernofficebuildingshouldleadtopositiveCosttoBenefitevaluationswhenweighedintermsofincreasedusersatisfactionandproductivityandimprovedenergyefficiencyorflexibility.附录三中文译文智能建筑1、简介智能建筑是要求有一个综合布线和灵活模块化的通信根底设施，通过先进的信息技术和密集的信息效劳用户来实现。要求具有先进的信息技术和设计能力效劳于密集的信息用户。随着居住密度不断增长，以及开展指数的增加，在过去20年来市场的全球化和通信的广泛应用，个人电脑的普遍使用，已经使智能建筑〔IB〕的概念，首先考虑在规划新办公楼或者提升办公楼的智能化。随着社会办公楼的演变，由于今天越来越多的教育工作者，导致了环境问题，标准大幅增加。社会研究说明了住户对工作场所的满意度与生产力的直接关系，单独控制的环境条件下，每个工作站的能力被确定为导致用户满意度的一项重要内容。随着技术的开展，通过技术开发和产品供给的本钱已呈现衰减，智能化应该从一个可行的和从严格的本钱效益方面合理选择。2、概述智能建筑的概念定义有所不同，但最被接受的描述仍然是由巴塞罗那的研究所的塞尔达描述的那样：“一个建筑物结合信息的系统，支持整个大楼的信息流通，为客户提供先进的效劳和自动化业务通信，能够进行自动控制，监测和综合业务的本地或远程管理，具有不同的子系统或楼宇设备，并有足够的灵活性，旨在用一个简单经济的方式使一个系统实现。对于一个外行人士来说，对一个建筑的智能化程度的看法往往是在其资源管理、控制系统〔EMCS〕及其通信系统的复杂程度来看，然而，最重要的是还是其机械系统及电力系统来降低本钱和提高效率，在理想的机械设备系统、监控系统及通信系统中，对于暖通空调，照明以及其它系统，我们希望做到以下几点〔1〕高速的光纤通信数据，视频和BAS网络的主干;〔2〕灵活的空调系统采用模块化分布和100％的室外空气交换。以及能利用自然冷却将挥发性有毒气体稀释〔3〕先进的综合资源管理与控制系统〔EMCS〕，对空调，照明，消防报警等设备及其系统进行直接数字控制;〔4〕具有专用电路配电网络能够满足不间断电源设备;〔5〕充足的备用发电;〔6〕过滤效率高，能量恢复和储存热量功能，以改善室内空气质量和满足能源消耗;〔7〕多用户访问网络其中纳入密码保护机构;〔8〕最大的透明度和子系统之间的通信能力;〔9〕电气设计特点针对智能建筑;单独控制的空调末端装置，允许在每个站点，乘员通过智能终端控制器控制的灵活的控制，我们期望拥有一个经营经济分析的规划，考虑现有的效劳和利益，并通过他们进行更换，随后根据以上特点的变化或升级，进行改造。特别是那些涉及设计，可以追溯到20年或更长时间，一般都是出于对以下组合：新的标准要求，〔1〕更新室内空气质量标准，〔2〕经修订的能源效率准那么，〔3〕增加相关的普遍使用的个人电脑内部的电气要求。〔4〕经修订建筑用途大多数机电设备的平均寿命周期是20比建筑平均寿命周期50年短。因此，往往在该建筑的生命周期已经过期之前对现有的机电装置完成改造。这往往提供了一个时机，以提高建筑的支撑系统的智能标准。3、历史智能建筑的概念在80年代初出现的，一般主张制定集中的电子系统及广泛使用，以促进支持和语音和数据通信系统的控制的开展。最初的概念推广，出现了通信网络的文字处理效劳，集中有限的互动音频，通过人与人之间的沟通，住户楼宇自动化系统覆盖暖通空调系统和照明系统，开展智能建筑，尽管本钱很高，在那个时候，只能建筑这种威严能提高租金及建筑的价值。楼宇自动化系统和通信系统的行业的开展，以及其他专业人士很快制定了具体的产品和应用，满足了智能建筑的实施。在加上蓬勃开展的个人电脑市场开展的这些事态，大幅度降低了本钱，大大提高智能建筑的蓬勃开展，智能大厦的概念随之被接受而一直延续到现在，在欧洲，亚洲和北美广泛应用。4、未来趋势先前，智能建筑学会〔IBI〕基金会倡导，几年后有必要认识到，在未来的建筑设计中从本地经济过渡到国家及全球经济的结合，因此有必要促进每个员工的进入全球通信网络，他们预言，信息技术的开展将会是办公环境变化的最大动力。这一预测已成为现实。IBI还预测环境问题，特别是室内空气质量〔IAQ〕正在成为一个新的办公建筑设计的首要任务。改良和增加空气