医学英语心脏专家讲座

SUMC2023-2023Student’scopyThecardiovascularsystem第1页Whatisthecirculatorysystem?WhatdoestheCVsystemdo?InternalandexternalanatomyCardiaccycleHeartsoundsConductivesystemoftheheartBloodvesselsDiseasesoftheCVS第2页TheHeartandbloodvesselstogethermakeupthecardiovascularSystem.

CirculatebloodthroughoutentirebodyforTransportofoxygentocellsTransportofCO2awayfromcellsTransportofnutrients(glucose)tocellsMovementofimmunesystemcomponents(cells,antibodies)Transportofendocrineglandsecretions第3页TheHeart:locationinthorax第4页TheHeart:locationinthoraxObliquePositionApex=LeftofMidline(5thICS),AnteriortorestofheartBase(posteriorsurface)sitsonvertebralcolumnSuperiorRight=3rdCostalCartilage,1”rightmidsternumSuperiorLeft=2ndCostalCartilage,1”leftmidsternumInferiorRight=6thCostalCartilage,1”rightmidsternumInferiorLeft=5thIntercostalSpaceatMidclavicularline第5页SerousmembraneContinuouswithbloodvesselsTheHeart:musclelayersandcoveringsConnectivetissEndothilium第6页ExternalHeartAnatomyPage44第7页TheHeart:Chambers

第8页LungsBodycellsOurcirculatorysystemisadoublecirculatorysystem.Thismeansithastwopartsparts.

therightsideofthesystemdealswithdeoxygenatedblood.theleftsideofthesystemdealswithoxygenatedblood.第9页CirculationCoronarycirculation

–thecirculationofbloodwithintheheart.Pulmonarycirculation

–theflowofbloodbetweentheheartandlungs.Systemiccirculation

–theflowofbloodbetweentheheartandthecellsofthebody.第10页TheHeart:ValvesBicuspid(mitral)Tricuspid(AV)PulmonaryAortic(SL)第11页HowdoestheHeartwork?bloodfromthebodybloodfromthelungs Theheartbeatbeginswhenthe heartmusclesrelaxandblood flowsintotheatria.STEPONE第12页

Theatriathencontractand thevalvesopentoallowblood intotheventricles.HowdoestheHeartwork?STEPTWO第13页HowdoestheHeartwork?Thevalvesclosetostopbloodflowingbackwards.Theventriclescontractforcingthebloodtoleavetheheart.Atthesametime,theatriaarerelaxingandonceagainfillingwithblood.Thecyclethenrepeatsitself.STEPTHREE第14页第15页FillingofHeartChambers–

theCardiacCycleCopyright©2023PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummings第16页TheHeart:CardiacOutputCopyright©2023PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummingsCardiacoutput(CO)totalventblood/minAmountofbloodpumpedbyeachsideoftheheartinoneminuteCO=(heartrate[HR])x(strokevolume[SV])StrokevolumeVolumeofbloodpumpedbyeachventricleinonecontraction第17页S1-Whatisit?closingofthebicuspidandtricuspidvalves.(closureoftheAVvalves)ThePulmonicandAorticvalvesareopeningandbloodisbeingforcedintothearteriesS2-Whatisit?ThesoundsarebecauseoftheclosingofthePulmonicandAorticvalves(closureofthesemilunarvalves)第18页第19页ConductiveSystem

Actionpotential-electricalimpulsecausingthecontractionofheartmusclecellsTheSAnode,orpacemaker,initiatestheheartbeatandcausestheatriatocontractonaverageevery0.85seconds.TheAV

nodeconveysthestimulusandinitiatescontractionoftheventricles.ThesignalfortheventriclestocontracttravelsfromtheAVnodethroughtheatrioventricularbundletothesmallerPurkinjefibers.第20页ElectrocardiogramAnelectrocardiogram(ECG)isarecordingoftheelectricalchangesthatoccurinthemyocardiumduringacardiaccycle.ThePwaveoccursjustpriortoatrialcontraction;theQRScomplexoccursjustpriortoventricularcontraction;andtheTwaveoccurswhentheventriclesarerecoveringfromcontraction.第21页TheVascularSystemCopyright©2023PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummings第22页BloodVessels:AnatomyThreelayers(tunics)TunicintimaEndotheliumTunicmediaSmoothmuscleTunicexternaMostlyfibrousconnectivetissue第23页ConductiveSystem

Copyright©2023PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummingsFigure11.5第24页TunicaexternaOutermostlayerelastinandcollagenStrengthens,AnchorsTunicamediaMiddlelayerCircularSmoothMuscleVaso-constriction/dilationTunicaintimaInnermostlayerEndotheliumMinimizefrictionLumen第25页第26页Artery/Veindifferences（归纳：dtwlv)Arteries(aa.)Veins(vv.)DirectionofflowBloodAwayfromHeartBloodtoHeartPressureHigherLowerWallsTHICKER:TunicamediathickerthantunicaexternaTHINNER:TunicaexternathickerthantunicamediaLumenSmallerLargerValvesNovalvesValves第27页第28页第29页第30页Coronaryarterycirculation第31页PulsePulse–pressurewaveofbloodMonitoredat“pressurepoints”wherepulseiseasilypalpated第32页MeasuringArterialBloodPressure第33页CardiovascularDiseasesCardiovasculardiseasesincludethosethataffecttheheartandthosethataffecttheperipheralvascularsystem.Theheartandbloodvesselsmaybeprimarilyattackedbythesediseasesortheymaybesecondarilyaffectedasaconsequenceofanotherdisease.第34页RiskFactorsforCardiovascularDisease(sdosp)SmokingDiabetesObesityStressPhysical