初中英语中的后置定语

初中英语中的后置定语在英汉两种语言中，定语的作用大致相同，但值得注意的是，汉语里的定语都是放在它所修饰词之前，而在英语里，定语的位置既有在被修饰的词之前也有在被修饰的词之后，本课主要就初中英语教学中常见的后置定语作一探讨。一、所有的短语作定语要后置(介短、形短、不短、分短).介词短语作后置定语thefalloftheRomanEmpire罗马帝国的灭亡childrenunderten10岁以下的孩子athirstforknowledge求知欲hisexperienceinteachingphonetics他教授语音学的经验ThenthemanintheshopunderstoodwhattheFrenchmanmeant.(介词短语)Iseeyou'vemadesomedrawingsofourdefenceworks..不定式短语作后置定语Hehadnotimetothinkaboutrest..分词短语作后置定语，在意思上相当于一个定语从句Chinastretchesacrossavastareacovering(=whichcovers)thecold,temperateandtropicalzones.中国幅员辽阔，包括寒带、温带和热带。Wearebrotherssharing(=whoshare)wealandwoe.我们是患难与共的兄弟。Theyliveinaroomfacing(=thatfaces)thesea.他们住在一间朝南的房子里。Theyareproblemsleft(=whichhavebeenleft)overbyhistory.这些是历史遗留下来的问题。TheamountofworkTheproblem(thatwas)discussedhasbeensolved.Theamountofwork(thatwas)donecanbemeasuredinthisway.Theexperience(thathasbeen)gainedwillbeofgreatvaluetous.Therewereveryfewpeoplelivinghere.(现在分词短语)Mr.Smith,thebossofasmallfactory,oncehiredayoungworkercalledJohnHill.(过去分t^短语).形容词短语作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句Hecastitasecondtimeanddrewinanoldbasketfullofsand.Hesawamagazineonthetablenexttohim.wordsuitabletotheoccasion适合这样场合的言辞avillageremotefromthemaddingcrowd远离喧嚣尘世的村庄sentencesdifficulttounderstand难于理解的句子amanreadytolendahandatanytime一个随时乐于帮助他人的人二、所有的定语从句一律自然后置ThenthereisonlyonethingIcando.三、甚至许多单个单词也可作后置定语：.形容词作后置定语①四one、四thing、四body、四where的修饰语(如something,somewhere,anyone,anybody),定语只能后置。Haveyoureadanythinginteresting?Anyoneintelligentcandoit.任何有脑子的都能做这事。Therewassomebodyelseintheroombesidesus.Let，sgosomewherequiet.Hewantedtogetsomeonereliabletohelpinthiswork.他想找一个可靠的人帮忙做这工作。Thisstorecarrieseverythingnecessaryforpainting.这家商店卖绘画所需的任何商品。ThereissomethingwrongwithmyTV.我的电视出毛病了。Soit'snothingserious,Doctor?Onedaywhiletheywereworkinginthefields,somefarmersawsomethingstrangeinthesky.

Thereissomethingimportantintoday'snewspaper.今天报纸上有条重要新闻。Hewantedtogetsomeonereliabletohelpinthiswork.他想找个可靠的人帮忙做这项工作。Canyoufindanywherequiet?你能找个清静的地方吗？Hehasbeensenttosomewhereparticular.他已被派至U某个特殊的地方去了。②某些以-able或Tble结尾的形容词若与有限制性较强的定语.如only,all,any,every或形容词最高级连用，表示暂时的特征或现象时，常后置。Wemustsavethepatientbyeverymeansimaginable.It'sthebestperformancepossible.这是再好没有的表演了。Thisisthebestsolutionpossible.That'stheonlystarvisiblenow.那是颗现在唯一可见的星。There'sonlyalittlemoneyavailableforthetrip..他是唯一合适的演员。这趟旅行只有少数的钱可供花用。.他是唯一合适的演员。HewastheonlyactorsuitableIt'stheonlysolutionpossible.这是唯一可能采取的解决办法。It'stheonlysolutionpossible.这是唯一可能采取的解决办法。还有票吗？还有票吗？那是颗现在唯一可见的星星。Arethereanyticketsavailable?That'stheonlystarvisiblenow.③两个或两个以上的形容词词组作定语、修饰泛指意义的名词时常后置，以加强语气。如：Ihaveneverseenafilmmoreinterestingandinstructive.我还从未看过这样有趣又有教育意义的电影。Allvillagers,youngandold,wentouttoharvestthecrops.老少村民都去收割庄稼了。Weliketheteachersbothknowledgeableandhumorous我们喜欢知识渊博又有幽默感的老师④有少数几个以a-开头的表语形容词作定语，如alive,alone,ablaze等和present,absent,concerned,involved等表示短暂性特征时，通常放在它们所修饰的名词之后。如：Theyarethehappiestchildrenalive.AllthememberspresentarefromAfrica.allthestudentspresent所有在场的学生Thepeopleinvolvedwerenothere.theonlypersonawake唯一醒着的人catchalionalive活捉狮子There'sonlyababyasleepintheroom.屋子里只有一个熟睡的婴儿。Hewastheonlypersonawakeatthemoment.他是那时唯一醒着的人。Heisoneofthefewworkersalivetodaywhotookpartinthestrike.他是参加过这次罢工当今还活着的少数工人之一。⑤enough作定语修饰的名词前无冠词时，要后置。例如：Idon'thavewineenoughforfivepersons.我的酒不够给5个人喝。Iwasfoolenoughtoaccepthisoffer.我接受他的建议可真够傻的。Ihaven'ttimeenoughtodothework.我没有足够的时间做那件工作。Hehasn'tmanenoughtoadmithismistake.他没有勇于认错的大丈夫气概。⑥proper作“本身的、严格意义上的”讲时必须放在所修饰的名词之后。如：Aftertheintroductionwestartedthemeetingproper..方位副词作后置定语：here,there,in,out,above,below,home,abroad,before,yesterdayHeisonhiswayhome.他在回家途中。

?你能给我讲Canyoutellmesomethingaboutthesocialsystemthere?你能给我讲讲那里的社会制度吗？Ithadbeenfinethedaybefore.前一天的天气彳艮好。Theycouldseetheenemyenteringthevillageinthevalleybelow.Thisbookhereismostuseful.Couldyoutellmethesituationthere?你能告诉我那儿的情况吗?Thepressuresaboveweretoogreat.Thecloudsabovemovedfast.头上的云快速移动。Phecourtbelow在下级法院Hetoldusaboutthetripabroad.Imetanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.在回家的路上我遇到一个老朋友。I'llcomeovertoseeyouonmynextdayoff.我下次休假时再来看你。Isthereanythingontonight?今晚有什么活动吗？Thebuildingsaroundaremostlyofmodernconstruction.附近的建筑物多数上现代化建筑。.else用在疑问代词和不定代词/副词之后Nothingelsehappened.没有其它的事情发生。Whoelsewentthere?还有谁去了那儿？Whatelsedidsheask?她还问了什么？Youmusthaveleftyourletterssomewhereelse.你一定把你的信放在其它某个地方了。Howelsecouldwehavedoneit?不那样做，我们当时又能怎样呢？Thereislittleelseyoucandotoimproveyourself.除此之外，能使你进步的方法几乎没有。没剩下什么事要做的了Didyouseeanybodyelse?你还看到别人了吗？没剩下什么事要做的了Littleelseremainstobedone.Whoelsewantedtogothere?还有谁想去那儿？.分词作定语强调分词本身的动作而不是比较永久的特点时，要后置。如:Mostofthepeoplesingingarethestudents.唱歌的人多数是学生。Theirhighstandardshowedtheprogressmade.他们的高水平表明了他们取得的进步。.所修饰词前面有加强语气的theone时须后置。例如：Thisistheonethingneedful.这是唯一需要的东西。.在