高中英语语法冠词讲解及练习

冠词用法一.不定冠词的用法.表泛指，表首次提到的、不限定的人或物。Thereisabookonthedesk..a/an+单数n.表类别，指一类人或事物。Ahorseisausefulanimal..表one,acertain,every,thesameI’llreturninadayortwo.AMr.Whiteiswaitingforyoudownstairs.Thedoctoraskedmetotakethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theyarenearlyofanage..用在抽象名词前， a+抽象名词，即抽象名词具体化。如：Thislittlegirlisajoytoherparents.Itisapleasuretotalkwithyou.Itisanhonourtometoattendthemeeting.asurprise/success/failure5.与物质名词连用，表示 “一种，一阵、一份5.与物质名词连用，表示 “一种，一阵、一份”。Whataheavyrain!Whatagoodsupper!Pleasegivemeablackcoffee!6.在同位语中，常用 a/an+n.(one)MikeandLucy,anewlymarriedcouple,hadahappyhoneymooninParis.7.用在某些固定词组中 .afterawhile过了一会儿7.用在某些固定词组中 .afterawhile过了一会儿asamatteroffact事实上inaway在某种程度上allofasudden突然asawhole大体上inaword总而言之asarule通常ataloss不知所措asaresult结果，因此inahurry急忙putanendto结束…cometoanend结束cometoaconclusion得出结论 haveagoodtime玩得愉快 havearest休息一下 haveacold感冒haveawordwith和••谈——谈makealiving谋生makeafire生火makeafoolof愚弄takeawalkaknowledgeof,aunderstandingof,acollectionof不定冠词的特殊位置as/so/too/how/however+adj.+a/an+单数n.Soshortatime.Toolongadistance.what/such/half+a/an+单数n.Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.二.定冠词的用法表特指的人或物Lookattheblackboard.Thereisabookonthedesk.ThebookisanEnglishbook.the+单数n.表类别Thehorseisausefulanimal.a/an表世界上独一无二的事物，但若此类名词前有修饰成分，也可用a/anthesun,theearth,themoon,thesky,theuniverseafullmoonbut:innature,inspace,insociety,inhistory用在普通名词构成的专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。theUnitedStates,theGreatWall,theYellowRiver,theRockyMountains,用在序数词、形容词最高级、 only,very,same前。thesecondstory,thelargestroom,thethirdlongestriver但：1)a/an+序数词表又一，再一"；the+序数词表排序第一，第二•••..”Wouldyougivemeasecondchance?amost+adj.最高级：very,themost+adj.最高级表最….”amostbeautifulpicture=averybeautifulpicture用在方位名词前ontheleft,intheeast/west用在形容词或分词前表示一类人 ,作主语谓语用复数。thepoor/rich/dying/young/living/wounded表按…计算”bytheyard/thedozen/themonth/theday/theweek/ton但：bysizebytimebyweight在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。TheSmithsaresittingatthebreakfasttable西洋乐器名词前Doyouliketoplaythepianoortheviolin?在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词ThecompasswasinventedinChinafourthousandyearsago.年代，朝代前Inthe1870 ’s/1870s,theTangDynasty动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位Hehithimintheface.beatsb.onthenose,takesb.bythearm,patsb.ontheheadthe+比较级表两者中较•••.的”，a+比较级表乙个更・••..的”Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.Idon’tlikethebike.Iwantabetterone.用在一些习惯用语中。如：allthesame仍然allthetime——直alltheyearround——年至U头attheageof在 岁时atthebeginningof起初；开始attheendof在 的尽头/末尾定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在 exactly,just,all,both，double，half，twice等词之后，名词之前。Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.班里的所有学生都出去了三.不用冠词的情况 (零冠词 ).专有名词前China,America,John,.可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格限制时Thisbookismine..季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前spring,summer,autumn/fall,winter,Sunday,October,NationalDaybut:inthespringofthatyear,ImethimonaMondaylastmonth.Wehadawonderfulsupper..称呼语，表示头衔的名词作表语、补足语及同位语时What'sthis,Mother?Hewasmademonitor.GeorgeW.BushispresidentoftheUSA..学科名词，球类、棋类名词前Doyoustudymathematics?Helikesplayingfootball/chess..不可数名词、复数名词表泛指前Waterisveryimportant.Computersarewidelyusedinourdailylife..在与by连用的交通工具名称前bycar（bus,train,water,air,land）.某些固定词组中dayandnight,brotherandsister,hourafterhour,hereandthere.as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。Childassheis,sheknowsalotofFrench..系动词turn（作变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。Theyounggirlhasturnedwriter.=Theyounggirlhasbecomeawriter.no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。Nosuchthinghaseverhappenedinthisvillage.man"人类" nature"自然"前不用冠词。.常见纯不可数名词，不与a/an连用。fun,weather,advice,progress,baggage,luggage,furniture,equipment,space,health,wealth,word=news,information,luck注意：有无冠词的区别attable在进餐atthetable在桌子旁边atdesk在读书atthedesk在课桌旁atschool在上学attheschool在学校里inclass在上课intheclass在班级里面inbed卧床inthebed在床上inprison坐牢intheprison（因事）在监狱inhospital住院inthehospital（因事）在医院gotoschool去上学gototheschool（因事）去学校gotobed上床睡觉gotothebed在床上gotohospital去看病gotothehospital去医院takeplace发生taketheplace代替inplaceof代替intheplaceof在...的地方incaseof万一inthecaseof就...来说outofquestion星无疑问outofthequestion完全不可能Hemissedgoldinthehighjump,butwillget secondchanceinthelongjump.A.the;the B.不填；aC.the;a D.a;不填Carlisstudyingfoodscienceatcollegeandhopestoopenupmeatprocessingfactoryofhisownoneday.A./;aB./;theC.the;a D.the;theSamhasbeenappointed manageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotake placeofGeorge.A./,/ B.the7Cthe;the D./,theSarahlookedatfinishedpaintingwithsatisfaction.A.不填；a B.a;theC.the;不填D.the;aBeingabletoafforddrinkwouldbecomfortinthosetoughtimes.A.the;the B.a;a C.a;不填D.不填；aTheSmithsdon'tusuallylikestaginghotels,butlastsummertheyspentafewdaysataverynicehotelbysea.A./;a B.the;the C./;the D.the;awokeupwithbadheadache,yetbyeveningthepainhadgone.A.the;the B.the;an C.a;the D.a;anWearesaidtobelivinginInformationAge,timeofnewdiscoveriesandgreatchanges.A.an;the B.不填;theC.不填；aD.the;aThedevelopmentofindustryhasbeengradualprocessthroughouthumanexistence,fromstonetoolstomoderntechnology.A.不填；the B.the;aC.a;不填D.a;aThe“ChinesQream"isdreamtoimprovepeople'well-beinganddreamofharmony,peaceanddevelopment.A.the;a B.a;a C.a;the D.the;theAnimalsareobviouslylowerformoflifethanman.A.a;/ B.the;the C.a;the D./;/Itwascoldwinternightandthemoonwasshiningbrightlyacrossnightsky.A.不填；a B.a;the C.the;a D.the;不填MarcoPoloissaid tohavesailedonPacificOceanon hiswaytoJava inthirteenthcentury.A.the;a B.a;/C./;theD.the;theIndiaattainedindependencein1947,afterlongstruggle.A.不填;a B.the;a C.an;不填 D.an;thePeopledeveloppreferenceforaparticularstyleoflearningatearlyageandthesepreferencesaffectlearning.A.a;an B.a;不填 C.不填；the D.the;anTheparentswereshockedbynewsthattheirsonneededoperationonhisknee.A.a;/ B.the;/ C.the;an D.a;anFourandhalfhour